Grammar直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)DirectandIndirectSpeechTheshoesaretoobigforme.Whatdidhesay?Hesaidtheshoesweretoobigforhim.Grammar直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)DirectandIndirectSpeech基本概念直接引述別人的原話。通常都用引號(hào)“”括起來(lái)。用自己的話把別人的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)Shesaidshehadbeentomanycountries.Shesaidshewouldcallonyouthenextday.Iamgoodatdancing.IvisitedtheGreatWallyesterday.ShesaidthatshehadvisitedtheGreatWallthedaybefore.Shesaidthatshewasgoodatdancing.結(jié)論一直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)用連詞that(that常可省略)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句.從句中的人稱(chēng),時(shí)態(tài),指示代詞,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等相應(yīng)變化.Doyoulikeflowers?Sheaskedmewhether/ifIlikedflowers.Whereareyougoingforyourholiday?SheaskedmewhereIwasgoingformyholiday.結(jié)論二直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要從疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),用連詞if或whether連接。直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),仍用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞作連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。5.注意地點(diǎn)的變化在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)需要注意的變化1.注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化2.注意人稱(chēng)變化。3.注意指示代詞的變化4.注意時(shí)間的變化6.注意個(gè)別趨向動(dòng)詞的變化口訣

說(shuō)明直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)1、人稱(chēng)的變化一隨主二隨賓第三人稱(chēng)不變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱(chēng)變間引后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱(chēng)變間引后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱(chēng)在變間引后人稱(chēng)不變Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱(chēng)不更新1.Tomsaidtome,“Ihaveleftmybookinyourroom.”→Tomtold___that__hadleft____bookin____room.2.Marysaidtome,“Theboycanlookafterhimself”→Marytoldmethat_____couldlookafter______.mehehismytheboyhimself一主二賓三不變時(shí)態(tài)的變化

Jim

says,“I’vereadTom’sbook.”Jimsays

(that)

hehas

readTom’sbook.Hewill

say,“Theboywaslazy.”He

will

tell

you

thattheboy

waslazy.直接引語(yǔ)的引述動(dòng)詞若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)可保持不變。Hetold

me,“I

know

him.”Hetold

methathe

knew

him.“I

took

ithomewithme,”she

said.Shesaid

she

hadtaken

ithomewithher.He

said,“I

willbe

inParisonMonday.He

said

he

wouldbe

inParisonMonday.如果直接引語(yǔ)的引述動(dòng)詞若為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)要向過(guò)去推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。直接引語(yǔ)

間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.特殊:直接引語(yǔ)若是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變.2、時(shí)態(tài)的變化1)Shesaidtome,“You

speakEnglishbetterthanme.”?ShetoldmethatI

spokeEnglishbetterthanher.2)Nancysaid,“I’llcallyouagainlater.”?Nancysaidthatshe

wouldcallmeagainlater.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?一般過(guò)去時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)?過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)3)Hesaid,“I’mmakingaphonecall.”?Hesaidthathe

wasmakingaphonecall.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)4)Hesaid,“Itookithomewithme.”?Hesaidthathe

had

takenithomewithhim.Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.”Shesaidthatshewasbornin1995.一般過(guò)去時(shí)?過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)如有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以不變。5)Paulsaid,“Ourteamhaswonthematch.”?Paulsaidthattheirteamhad

wonthematch.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?過(guò)去完成時(shí)Hesaid,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變.

直接引語(yǔ)

間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)方向性動(dòng)詞this,that,

these

those

now,

then,

today

thatdaythisweek

thatweekyesterday

thedaybefore

lastweek

theweekbefore

fourdaysago

fourdaysbefore

thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore

tomorrowthenextdaynextmonth

thenextmonthhere

therecome,

go,bringtake

、其他特殊變化3“Iamgoingtoschoolnow.”hesaid.Hesaidthathewasgoingtoschool_____.“TomwillleaveforLondontomorrow.”saidMum.MumsaidthatTomwouldleaveforLondon__________.thenthenextdayHesaid,“Iarrivedthismorning.?Hesaidhehadarrived________morning.Shesaid,“I’llcome

hereagaintonight.”?Shesaidshewould________againthatnight.thatgothere注：如直接引語(yǔ)要變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，但如轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖拢@些詞不必改變。Thismorninghesaid,“He’llcomeheretomorrow.”→Thismorninghesaidthathewould/willcome

here

tomorrow.注意事項(xiàng)1)人稱(chēng)2)時(shí)態(tài)3)相應(yīng)的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)4)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)5)大小寫(xiě)6)問(wèn)號(hào)改為句號(hào)7)語(yǔ)序---疑問(wèn)改陳述8)賓語(yǔ)從句由什么引出Theteachersaid，“Don’tbelate，Mary.”

Theteachertold____.

A.MarynottobelateB.Marytobenotlate

C.Maryarenotlate

D.nottobelate2.Heaskedher，“Whereareyougoing?”Heaskedher____.A.wheresheweregoing

B.whereshewasgoingtoC.whereshewasgoing

D.wheresheisgoing鞏固提高3.Theladysaid，“Ishallgothereontime.”Theladysaidthat____.

A.shewouldcomethereontime

B.shewouldcomehereontime

C.shewouldgothereontime

D.hewouldgothereontime4.Hesaidtome，“Iwrotetomyfatheryesterday.”Hetoldmehehadwrittentohisfather____.

A.theyesterday

B.beforetoday

C.thedaybeforeD.thenextday5.Theteacherasked，“Areyouwaitingforthebus?”Theteacherasked____forthebus.

A.ifIwaswaiting

B.wasIwaitingC.youarewaiting

D.Iwaswaiting6.Theprofessorsaidthatlight____fasterthansound.

A.travels

B.traveled

C.travelD.traveled7.Mymotheraskedmetoshowmyhomeworktoher.Mymothersaidtome，“Show____homework.”

A.hermy

B.meyour

C.heryour

D.mehis8.It’shardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inlove,at