RandyPausch:

蘭迪·波許:

Thankyou,that'sverykind,butnevertipthewaiterbeforethemealarrives.

謝謝.非常感謝.不過大餐尚未享用,先別給我這個侍者小費.(講的好再鼓掌.)

Thankyou,GabeandJim,Icouldn'timaginebeingmoregratefulforanintroduction.

ThesearetwopeoplethatI'veknownalongtime,ItaughthereatUVA,Ilovethisschool,

it'sanincredibleplacefilledwithtraditionandhistoryandrespect,thekindofqualitiesthat

Ireallyadmire,thatIwanttoseepreservedinAmericansociety.Andthisisoneofthe

placesthatIjustloveforpreservingthat.IthinkthehonorcodealoneattheUniversityof

Virginiaissomethingthateveryuniversityadministratorshouldstudyandlookatandsay:

“Whycan'twedothattoo?“Ithinktherearealotofthingsaboutthisplacetolove.

謝謝你們,蓋伯,吉姆.非常感謝對我的介紹.我認識了這兩個朋友很久了.我曾經在弗尼吉亞

大學這里講過課.我熱愛這所學校,這是一個充滿非常深厚的傳統,歷史與尊崇的地方.我確實

很欣賞這樣的特點,我也期望這些特點長存于美國社會中,而這里也正是一個我所希望能長存

這樣的特點的地方.我認為,光是弗尼吉亞大學的榮譽規范體系這一件事就值得每個大學管理

者去學習,他們應該去反思:“為什么我們不能這樣做?”我覺得這里的許多東西都讓我喜愛.

I'mgoingtotalktodayonthetopicoftimemanagement.Thecircumstancesare,asyou

probablyknow,alittlebitunusual.IthinkatthispointI'manauthoritytotalkaboutwhatto

dowithlimitedtime.Mybattlewithpancreaticcancerstartedaboutayearandahalfago.

Fought,didalltherightthingsbutasmyoncologistsaid,ifyoucouldpickoffalist,that's

nottheoneyou'dwanttopick.OnAugust15th,theseweremyCATscans.Youcansee

thatifyouscrollthroughallofthem,thereareaboutadozentumorsinmyliver,andthe

doctorsatthattimesaid,-Ilovethewaytheysayit:“Youhavethreetosixmonthsofgood

1

healthleft.“Optimismandpositivephrasing.It'slikewhenyouareatDisney:“Whattime

doestheparkclose?“-“Theparkisopenuntileight.“SoIhave“threetosixmonthsof

goodhealth.“Well,let'sdothemath:Todayisthreemonthsandtwelvedays.SowhatI

hadonmyday-timerfortodaywasnotnecessarilybeingattheUVA.I'mpleasedtosay

thatwedotreatwithpalliativechemo,they'regoingtobuymealittlebitoftimeonthe

orderofafewmonthsifitcontinuestowork.I'mstillinperfectlygoodhealth.WithGabein

theaudience,I'mnotgoingtodopush-ups,becauseI'mnotgoingtobeshownup.Gabe

isreallyingoodshape!ButIcontinuetobeinrelativelygoodhealth,Ihadchemotherapy

yesterday,youshouldalltryit,it'sgreat.

我今天要講的話題是時間管理.你可能已經知道了,我現在的情況有些不尋常.我覺得現在,在

利用有限的時間能做些什么的話題上,我算是個權威了.我與胰腺癌的戰斗開始于一年半之

前.我盡我所能和它戰斗,但就像我的腫瘤醫師說的那樣,如果有一張寫著各種癌癥名字的單

子來讓我挑,那也不要選擇得上胰腺癌.在8月15日,我的CAT掃描結果出來了.你們翻翻頁就

可以看到,我的肝臟上差不多有一打腫瘤.那時醫生說到--我喜歡他們這樣說--你還有三至六

個月的健康生命可活.這是個樂觀而積極的表述.這就像當你身在迪士尼樂園問道:“公園幾

點關門?”“公園一直開到八點.”那么,我有“三到六個月的健康生命”.那么來做個計算

吧.明天就已經三個月零十二天了,我的日歷不知道帶到這里沒有,我很高興與化療打交道,要

是它能繼續有效的話,它能幫我換回幾個月的時間,我仍非常健康.蓋伯在聽眾里面,我就不做

俯臥撐了,因為我不想炫耀了.蓋伯身體很棒!我一直處在相對健康的情況下.我昨天剛做過化

療,你們不妨都試一下,很棒.

Butitdoesbegthequestion,Ihavefinitetime-somepeoplesaid:“Sowhyareyougoing

andgivingatalk?“TherearealotofreasonsI'mcominghereandgivingatalk.Oneof

themisthatIsaidIwould.That'saprettysimplereason.AndI'mphysicallyableto.

AnotheroneisthatgoingtotheUniversityofVirginiaisnotlikegoingtosomeforeign

place.Peoplesay:“Aren'tyouspendingallyourtimewithfamily?“Andbycomingback

hereforaday,Iamspendingmytimewithfamilybothmetaphoricallyandliterallybecause

itturnsoutthat-manyofyouhaveprobablyseenthispicturefromthetalkthatIgave,

thesearemynieceandnephewChrisandLaura.MynieceLauraisactuallyasenior...a

fourth-year!hereatMr.Jefferson'suniversity.Laura,couldyoustandup,sotheysee

you'vegottentaller?Thereyouare.Icouldn'tbehappiertohaveherhereatthis

university.TheotherpersoninthispictureisChris,ifyoucouldstandupsotheysee

you'vegottenmuchtaller?Theyhavegrowninsomanyways,notjustinheight.It'sbeen

wonderfultoseethatandbeanuncletothem.Isthereanybodyhereonthefacultyor

Ph.D.studentsofthehistorydepartment?Anyhistorypeoplehereatall?Anybodyhere

whoisfromhistory,findChrisrightafterthetalk.Becauseheiscurrentlyinhissophomore

yearatWilliamandMaryandhe'sinterestedingoingintoaPh.D.programinhistorydown

theroadandtherearen'tmanybetterPh.D.programsinhistorythanthisone.SoI'm

pimpingformynephewhere!Let'sbeclear!

但說實在的,我只有有限的時間了.有人說,那你為什么來做講座呢?我來這里做講座有許多

原因.一個原因就是我曾說過我會來.這是一個非常簡單的理由.并且我的身體條件也允許我

這樣做.另外,對我來說弗尼吉亞大學并不是一個陌生的地方.人們常問:“難道你不打算將所

有的余生都與家人度過嗎?”我與我的家人一起來到這里,不僅是身體一起,心靈也在一起.

你們中的許多人可能已經在我原先的演講中看到過這張圖片了.我的侄女勞拉是個大三..大四

的學生.她在杰弗遜大學.勞拉,站起來下好嗎,讓大家看看你長高了沒有.你在這哦.她在這

里,我別提多開心了.另一個照片里的人是克里思,能不能站起來,讓大家也看看你長高沒有?

他們在很多方面都成長了,而不僅僅是身高.看到這些,作為叔叔的我感覺非常棒.這里有歷史

部的老師或是博士生嗎?這里有搞歷史的人嗎?要是誰搞歷史的話,講座結束后不妨找克里思

談談.他現在是威廉瑪麗大學的大二的學生,對繼續讀歷史學的博士生非常感興趣.沒幾個大

學的歷史學博士項目比這里更好.說白了,我在給我的侄子找后門!

Whatarewegoingtotalkabouttoday?We'regoingtotalkabout-thisisnotlikethe

lecturethatyoumayhaveseenmegivebefore.Thisisaverypragmaticlecture.Oneof

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thereasonsthatIhadagreedtocomebackandgivethisisbecauseGabeandmany

otherfacultymembershadtoldmethattheyhadgottensomuchtangiblevalueabouthow

togetmoredone,andItrulydobelievethattimeistheonlycommoditythatmatters.So

thisisaverypragmatictalk.Itisinspirationalinthesensethatitwillinspireyoubygiving

yousomeconcretethingsyoumightdotobeabletogetmorethingsdoneinyour

finitetime.I'mgoingtotalkspecificallyabouthowtosetgoals,howtoavoidwastingtime,

howtodealwithaboss,-originallythistalkwashowtodealwithyouradvisor,butItried

tobroadenit,soit'snotquitesoacademicallyfocused.Howtodelegatetopeople,some

specificskillsandtoolsthatImightrecommendtohelpyougetmoreoutoftheday.Andto

dealwiththerealproblemsinourlives,whicharestressandprocrastination.Ifyoucan

lickthatlastone,youareprobablyingoodshape.

我們今天都要講些什么呢?我們要講些--這和你們以前看到的我的講座不一樣.這是一個很

實用的講座.我愿意回來做這個講座的一個原因就是蓋伯和許多教師都告訴我,他們覺得如何

在有限的時間內做更多事,有實實在在的價值,我真的覺得時間是唯一重要的東西.這是一個

非常實用的講座.它告訴你一些非常實際的方法來幫助你在有限的時間內做更多的事情.從這

個角度而言,這個講座是很有啟發性的.我將專門地討論如何設立目標,如何避免浪費時間.如

何與老板打交道..本來是要講如何與你的輔導員打交道的,但我嘗試去擴展這次講座,使之不

是僅針對學術.如何委派他人,教你們使用一些特定的技巧和工具來使你的一天更有效率.還

包括如何與身邊的問題打交道,例如面對壓力和拖延.如果你不拖延的話,你身材可能會很棒.

Youdon'tneedtotakeanynotes.IpresumeifIseeanylaptopsopenyou'reactuallyjust

doingIMoremailorsomething.Ifyou'relisteningtomusic,pleaseatleastwear

headphones.Allofthiswillbepostedonmywebsiteandtomakeitreallyeasy,ifyouwant

toknowwhentolookup,anyslidesthathavearedstararethepointsthatIthinkyou

shouldreallymakesurethatyougotthatone.Conversely,ifitdoesn'thavearedstar,

well...

你們不用記筆記.要是我看到有筆記本電腦開著的話,我會假定你實際上是在聊天,發郵件,或

干其它的事.要是你在聽音樂,至少把耳機戴上.這次的講座的全部內容將會在我的網站上發

布出來.更方便的是,如果你想回顧這次講座,我把重點的幻燈片用紅星標注出來了.反之,要

是沒有紅星,呃..

ThefirstthingIwanttosayisthatAmericansarevery,verybadatdealingwithtimeasa

commodity.We'rereallygoodatdealingwithmoneyasacommodity.Weare,asaculture,

veryinterestedindealingwithmoney,howmuchsomebodyearnsisastatusthingandso

on,butwedon'treallyhavetimeelevatedtothat.Peoplewastetheirtimeanditalways

fascinatesme.OneofthethingsthatI'venoticedisthatveryfewpeopleequatetimeand

moneyandtheyarevery,veryequatable.ThefirstthingIstarteddoingwhenIwasa

teacherwasaskingmygraduatestudents:“Well,howmuchisyourtimeworthanhour?“

Orifyouworkatacompany:“Howmuchisyourtimeworthtothecompany?“Whatmost

peopledon'trealizeisthatifyouhaveasalary,let'ssayyoumake50,000$ayear,you

probablycostthatcompanytwicethatinordertohaveyouasanemployeebecause

there'sheatingandlightingandotherstaffmembersandsoforth,soifyougetpaid50,000

ayear,youarecostingthatcompany-theyhavetoraise100,000$inrevenue!Andifyou

dividethatbyyourhourlyrate,youbegintogetsomesenseofwhatyouareworthan

hour.Whenyouhavetomaketrade-offsof“ShouldIdosomethinglikewritesoftwareor

shouldIjustbuyitorshouldIoutsourcethis?“,havinginyourheadwhatyoucostyour

organizationanhourisreallyastaggeringthingtochangeyourbehavior.Becauseyou

startrealizingthat,wow,ifIfreeupthreehoursofmytimeandI'mthinkinginthatinterms

ofdollars,that'sabigsavings!Sostartthinkingaboutyourtimeandyourmoneyalmostas

iftheyarethesamething.OfcourseBenFranklinknewthatalongtimeago.

3

我想說的第一件事是,美國人不善于將時間看作商品,我們很善于將金錢看成商品.作為一種

文化,我們對跟金錢打交道非常感興趣,一個人的收入多少往往是身份高低的象征,但我們卻

從未將時間提升到這樣的高度.人們浪費他們的時間,這種現象經常引起我的注意.我注意到:

極少的人將時間看作與金錢同等重要的東西,盡管它們事實上非常同質.在我當老師時,第一

件事就是問我的研究生,你的一個小時值多少錢?或者你工作在公司里,你的一小時對公司來

說值多少錢?許多人并不知道,如果你有一份50000美元年薪的工作,那么你可能實際上要耗

掉公司兩倍于你的薪水的錢來雇用你:要考率到水電,其它人力等等的費用.也就是說,如果

你每年拿到50000美元,那么公司的盈利得相應增加100000美元!用這個數字去除你的工時,

你就能對你自己一個小時的價值有點感覺了.當你需要做一些交易的時候,比如說,我是去自

己寫一個程序,還是去買一個,或是將這項工作外包出去給別人.在你的頭腦中保持你每個小

時耗掉公司多少錢這樣的概念,對改變你的行為有巨大的幫助.因為你開始意識到,哇,如果我

能節省自己三個小時的時間,把它換算成金錢,那真是省了很多錢啊!所以,要開始把你的時間

和金錢當成同等的事物來考慮.當然,本杰明.富蘭克林很久之前就懂這個道理了.

Soyou'vegottomanageitandyou'vegottomanageitjustlikeyoumanageyourmoney.

NowIrealizenotallAmericansmanagetheirmoney,that'swhatmakesthecreditcard

industrypossible.Andapparently,mortgagestoo.Butmostpeopledoatleastunderstand-

theydon'tlookatyoufunnyifyousay:“CanIseeyourmonetarybudgetforyour

household?“Infact,whenIsay“yourhouseholdbudget“,youpresumethatI'mtalking

aboutmoneywheninfactthehouseholdbudgetIreallywanttotalkaboutisprobablyyour

householdtimebudget.

于是你需要開始像打理你的金錢一樣來打理你的時間,我知道現在也不是所有美國人都去打

理自己的金錢,這造就了信用卡行業.當然,還有抵押貸款.不過許多人最終將會明白.當你說:

“我能否看一下你的家政預算?”的時候,他們不會以滑稽的眼神看著你了.事實上,當我提到

你的家政預算的時候,你可能會假定我說的是經濟上的,而實際上,我說的是你的家政時間預

算.

AttheEntertainmentTechnologyCenteratCarnegieMellon,studentswouldcomein

duringtheorientation,Iwouldsay:“Thisisamaster'sprogram,everybodyispayingfull

tuition.“Itwasroughly30,000$asemester,andthefirstthingIwouldsayis:“Ifyou're

goingtocomeintomyofficeandsay:“Idon'tthinkthisisworth60,000$ayear“,Iwill

throwyououtoftheoffice.I'mnotevengoingtohavethisdiscussion.“Ofcoursethey

wouldsay:“Ohgod,thisPauschguyisarealjerk.“Andthentheywereright!ButwhatI

thenfollowedonwithwas:“Becausethemoneyisnotimportant.Youcangoandearn

moremoneylater.Whatyou'llneverdoisgetthetwoyearsofyourlifeback.Soifyou

wanttocomeintomyofficeandtalkaboutthemoney,I'llthrowyouout,butifyouwantto

comeintomyofficeandsay:“I'mnotsurethisisagoodplaceformetospendtwoyears“,

Iwilltalktoyoualldayandallnightbecausethatmeanswe'retalkingabouttherightthing,

whichisyourtime,becauseyoucan'tevergetitback.

在卡耐基-梅隆大學的娛樂技術中心,參觀的學生有時會走進我的辦公室.我會告訴他:“這是

一個碩士項目,每個人都要付全額的學費.”大約是三萬美元一年.首先我要說,要是你走進我

的辦公室對我說,“我覺得這不值六萬美元一年的學費.”那我會把你扔出辦公室.我將不再

和你討論.當然,他們會說:“哦,老天,這個叫波許的家伙真混蛋.”他們說對了!但我接著要

說:“因為金錢并不重要,你能把你的錢以后再掙回來.但你永遠不能找回你這兩年度過的時

光.要是你打算走進我的辦公室跟我討論錢的事,我會把你扔出去;但如果你走進了跟我

說:“我不知道這里是否值得我花費兩年時光.”我會跟你沒日沒夜的談,因為這代表著我們在

談論正確的事情,那就是你的時間,你永遠也不能找回自己逝去的時光.

AlotoftheadviceI'mgoingtogiveyouparticularlyforundergraduates-howmanypeople

inthisroomareundergraduates,byshowofhands?Okay,good!Stillyoung!Alotofthis-

putittoHansandFranzofSaturdayNightLifeifyou'reoldenough:“Hearmenow,but

believemelater!“Alotofthisisgoingtomakesenselater,andoneofthenicestthingsis

thatGabehasvolunteeredtoputthisupontheweb.Iunderstandthatpeoplecanactually

4

watchvideosonthewebnow.Soalotofthiswillmakesenselater,andwhenItalkabout

yourbossifyou'reastudent,thinkaboutthatasyouracademicadvisor,ifyou'reaPh.D.

student,thinkaboutitasyourPh.D.advisor,andifyou'rewatchingthisandyouarea

youngchild,thinkofthisasyourparentbecausethatisthepersonwhoisinsomesense

yourboss.

許多建議是專門為本科生準備的.這里有多少人是本科生,手舉起來!好的!你們還年輕啊!今

天說的許多好多東西,如果你看SaturdayNightLife的HansandFranz的話,都是“現在先

聽著,晚些才相信”的.許多東西,你以后才會意識到.最好的是,蓋伯愿意將這次講座整理到

網上.我知道人們現在可以通過網絡觀看視頻了,到你再次看這視頻時,可能就能意識到一些

東西了.如果你是個學生,當我討論到關于老板的時候,你可以想象成是你的輔導員,如果你是

博士生,那就換成博士生導師.要是你還是個年輕的孩子,那么就想象成你的父母,他們就類似

你的老板.

{注:SaturdyNightLife是一檔美國周末晚間的節目,HanzandFranz是其中的角色.我沒有看過這個節目,如果

有朋友看過的話不妨告訴我更多背景知識.}

ThetalkgoesveryfastandI'mverybigonspecifictechniques.I'mnotreallybigon

platitudes.Platitudesarenice,buttheydon'treallyhelpmegetsomethingdonetomorrow.

Theotherthingisthatonegoodthiefisworthtengoodscholars.Andinfact,youcan

replacetheword“scholars“inthatsentencewithalmostanything.Almosteverythinginthis

talkistosomedegreeinspired,whichisafancywayofsayinglifted,fromthesetwobooks

[CathyCollins:TimeManagementforTeachers,1987;CareerTrackSeminar:Taking

controlofYourWorkDay,1990],andIfoundthosebooksveryusefulbutit'smuchbetter

togetthemintoadistilledform.WhatI'vebasicallydoneisI'vecollectedthenuggetsfor

yourbath.

講座的速度很快,我長于專業技巧,而不善于老生常談.它們可能聽起來不錯,但不能真正地幫

助我們在未來去把事情搞定.同時,“一個好的賊頂過十個好的學者.”事實上,你可以將句子

中“學者”這個詞換成幾乎任何一個其它的詞.這次講座中幾乎所有的思想都收到這兩本書

的啟發:[CathyCollins:TimeManagementforTeachers,1987;CareerTrackSeminar:

TakingcontrolofYourWorkDay,1990]我發現這些書非常有用,可將它們中的精華提煉出來

會更好.我基本上已經將書中的精華采集出來,為你準備好了.

Iliketotalkabout“TheTimeFamine“.Ithinkit'sanicephrase.Doesanybodyherefeel

liketheyhavetoomuchtime?Okay,nobody,excellent.Iliketheword“famine“,because

it'salittlebitlikethinkingaboutAfrica.Youcanairliftallthefoodyouwantintosolvethe

crisisthisweekbuttheproblemissystemic,andyoureallyneedsystemicsolutions.Atime

managementsolutionthatsays,“I'mgoingtofixthingsforyouinthenext24hours“is

laughable,justlikesaying:“I'mgoingtocurehungerinAfricainthenextyear.“Youneedto

thinklong-termandyouneedtochangefundamentalunderlyingprocessesbecausethe

problemissystemic,wejusthavetoomanythingstodoandnotenoughtimetodothem.

我喜歡講“時間饑荒”.我覺得這個短語很好.在座的各位,有人覺得自己的時間很多嗎?很好,

沒有.我喜歡“饑荒”這個詞,是因為這有點讓人聯想到非洲.你可以空降一些食物來解決這周

的危機,可問題是系統性的,因此你也需要系統性的解決方案.“24小時之內我能幫你把事情

做完”,這樣的時間管理方法就很可笑,這就像是說:“一年之內我能解決非洲的饑餓”一樣.

你得從長計議,你需要通過改變基礎的,潛在的過程來解決這個系統性的問題:我們有太多的

事情要做,但我們沒有足夠的時間.

Theotherthingtorememberisthatit'snotjustabouttimemanagement.Thatsoundslike

akindofalukewarm,atalkabouttimemanagement,that'skindofmilk-toast.Buthow

aboutifthetalkis:Howaboutnothavingulcers?Thatcatchesmyattention!Soalotofthis

islifeadvice.Thisis,howtochangethewayyou'redoingalotofthethingsandhowyou

allocateyourtimesothatyouwillleadahappier,morewonderfullife,andIlovedinthe

5

introductionthatyoutalkedaboutfun!BecauseifI'vebroughtfuntoacademia,well,it's

aboutdamntime!Ifyou'renotgoingtohavefun,whydoit?That'swhatIwanttoknow.

Lifereallyistooshort,ifyou'renotgoingtoenjoyit...Peoplewhosay:“Well,I'vegotajob

andIdon'treallylikeit“,I'mlike:“Well,youcouldchange?!““Butthat'llbealotofwork!“-

“You'reright,youshouldkeepgoingtoworkeverydaydoingajobyoudon'tlike.Thank

you,goodnight.“

此外,這次講座并不僅僅是關于時間管理.一個關于時間管理的講座,聽起來可能就感覺無關

痛癢-無非就那么回事.但如果這個講座是:如果沒有得潰瘍會怎樣?那就會引起我的注意.這

次講座包含了不少對人生的建議.這包括如何去改變你行事的方式,如何把你的時間匯聚起

來,以使你過上更幸福,更精彩的生活.我挺喜歡剛剛談到快樂的講座前的介紹.因為要說我能

給學術界帶來了些歡樂,那就是在關于時間的問題上.如果你不打算快樂,那么為什么還要做

某件事?我想知道答案.生命著實太短暫,難道你不想好好去享受它嗎?有人說,“嗯,我有一

份工作,但我不喜歡.”我會說“那么,你能改變現狀嗎?”“可那要做很多工作!”“確實如

此,可你每天做著自己不喜歡的工作,也要干很多事啊.謝謝,晚安..”

Sotheoverallgoalisfun.MymiddlechildLoganismyfavoriteexample.Idon'tthinkhe

knowshowtonothavefun.No,grant,thelotofthethingshedoesarenotfunforhis

motherandme.Buthe'slovingeverysecondofit.Hedoesn'tknowtodoanythingthat

isn'tballisticandfulloflife.He'sgoingtokeepthatquality,he'smylittleTigger,andI

alwaysrememberLoganwhenIthinkaboutthegoalistomakesurethatyouleadyourlife

-Iwanttomaximizeuseoftime,butthat'sthemeans,nottheend.Theendismaximizing

fun.

所以說人生的總目標就是快樂.我最喜歡拿我的孩子勞甘舉例子.我不知道他什么時候才不快

樂.他做的許多事情對我和我的妻子來說,都不顯得那么有趣.然而,他卻的確非常享受做這些

事的每一秒鐘.他不知道怎樣不去專心的做什么事情.他一直保持著這樣的特點,他就是我的

小跳跳虎.當我意識到我的目標是讓自己能夠引領自己的生活時,我總能想起勞甘.我希望盡

可能最大化的利用我的時間--但這就意味著,還沒到止境.止境是獲得最大化的快樂.

Peoplewhodointensestudiesandlogpeopleonvideotapeandsoonsaythatthetypical

officeworkerwastesalmosttwohoursaday.Theirdeskismessy,theycan'tfindthings,

theymissappointments,areunpreparedformeetings,theycan'tconcentrate.Does

anybodyinherebyshowofhandseverhaveanysensethatoneofthesethingsispartof

theirlife?Okay,Ithinkwe'vegoteverybody!Sotheseareauniversalthingandyou

shouldn'tfeelguiltyifsomeofthesethingsareplagueingyoubecausetheyplagueallof

us,theyplaguemeforsure.

有人做了仔細的研究,他們通過錄影帶觀察,發現普通的辦公室職員一天差不多能能浪費掉兩

個小時.他們的桌面亂糟糟的,東西要用的時候就找不著,他們經常忘記掉約會,或是對會議毫

無準備,無法集中注意力.這里有人也有過同樣的感覺嗎?舉手.好的,差不多所有人都這樣!

這是件很普遍的事情,你也沒必要因為這些現象的困擾感到負罪感.因為這些事也同樣困擾著

所有人.當然,也包括我.

TheotherthingIwanttotellyouisthatitsoundsalittleclichédandtried,butbeing

successfuldoesnotmakeyoumanageyourtimewell.Managingyourtimewellmakesyou

successful.IfI'vebeensuccessfulinmycareer,Iassureyouit'snotbecauseI'msmarter

thanalltheotherfaculty.Imean,I'mlookingaround,andI'mlookingatsomeofmyformer

colleagues,andIseeJimCohoonupthere:I'mnotsmarterthanJimCohoon.Iconstantly

lookaroundatthefacultyatplacesliketheUniversityofVirginiaorCarnegieMellon,andI

go:“Damn,thesearesmartpeople!“AndIsnuckin!ButwhatIliketothinkI'mgoodatis

themeta-skills,becauseifyou'regoingtohavetorunwithpeoplewhoarefasterthanyou

youhavetofindtherightwaystooptimizewhatskillsyoudohave.

6

另外我想告訴你們,可能聽起來有點陳腐,不過成功并不意味著你會管理好你的時間.而管理

好你的時間卻能夠使你成功.要說我的職業生涯還算成功的話,我向你保證,這不是因為我比

別人聰明.我的意思是,當我放眼四顧,我能看到一些我曾經的同事,我看到了吉姆·科洪,我沒

有他聰明.我一直在觀察那些在卡耐基-梅隆或者弗尼吉亞大學這樣地方的教師,我會驚嘆,

“天啊,全是聰明人.”而我也在其中暫露頭角.我傾向于認為我擅長(時間管理這個)基本技

能.因為如果你要和比你跑的快的人賽跑,你就必須找到能最大程度的發揮你掌握的技能的路

徑.

Let'stalkfirstaboutgoals,prioritiesandplanning.Anytimeanythingcrossesyourlife,

you'vegottoask:“ThisthingI'mthinkingaboutdoing,whyamIdoingit?Almostnoone

thatIknowstartswiththecoreprincipleof,there'sthisthingonmyToDolist,whyisit

there?Becauseifyou'restartaskinglike,whyamI...mykidsaregreatatthis.Thatis,all

I'veeverheardathomeis:Why?Why?Soonerorlaterthey'regoingtostopsaying“Why“,

they'rejustgoingtosay:“Okay,I'lldoit.“Soask,whyamIdoingthis,whatisthegoal,

whywillIsucceedatdoingit,andhere'smyfavorite:WhatwillhappenifIdon'tdoit?The

bestthingintheworldiswhenIhavesomethingonmyToDolistandIjustgo:Hmm,no.

Noonehasevercomeandtakenmetojail.

讓我們先談談目標,優先級和計劃.無論什么時候,有什么事進入你的生活,你得要問問自己,

我想做的這件事,我為什么要做?然而我認識的人里面,幾乎沒有人能夠去想這個核心的問題:

如果這件事出現在我的任務列表中,它為什么會出現在那里?因為如果你這樣問自己,我為什

么...我的孩子很擅長這樣問.我在家經常聽到,為什么?為什么?過一陣他們就會停下來不再

問為什么,他們會說,好吧,我做.所以,要問自己,為什么我要做這件事?目標是什么?為什么

我能做成這件事?還有我最喜歡問自己的:如果我不做這件事會怎樣?世界上最好的事情就是

當我的任務列表上面還有東西沒有做的時候,我把它放在一邊,也沒有人來把我抓到監獄里.

Italkedmywayoutofaspeedingticketlastweek,thatwasreallycool.It'sliketheclosest

I'veevergoingtobetoattractiveandblonde.Itoldtheguywhywehadjustmovedandso

onandsoforth,andhelookedatmeandsaid:“Well,foraguywho'sonlygotacoupleof

monthstolive,yousurelookgood!“IjustpulledupmyshirttoshowthescarandIsaid,

“Yeah,Ilookgoodontheoutsidebutthetumorsareontheinside.“Hejustranbacktohis

cruiserand...!Sothat'sonepositivelawenforcementexperienceforme.

我上周和警察交談把我的一張超速罰單免了,這真的很酷,這感覺就像我變成金發美女那樣誘

人一樣.我告訴那個警察我們剛剛搬到這里,很多情況不熟悉,等等等等...他看著我對我說,

“作為一個只有幾個月能活的人,你看起來不錯!”我拉起我的T恤,把手術疤給他看,說:“是

的,從外面看我還不錯,不過腫瘤在里面.”他就跑回到他的巡警車里面..對我來說,這是和執

法機構打交道的一次愉快經歷.

ThepolicehavenevercomebecauseIcrossedsomethingoffmyToDolist.That'savery

powerfulthingbecauseyou'vegotallthattimeback.Theotherthingtokeepinmindwhen

you'redoinggoalsettingis,alotofpeoplefocusondoingthingsright.Ithinkit'svery

dangeroustofocusondoingthingsright.Ithinkit'smuchmoreimportanttodotheright

things.Ifyoudotherightthingsadequately,that'smuchmoreimportantthandoingthe

wrongthingsbeautifully.Doesn'tmatterhowwellyoupolishtheundersideofthebanister.

Keepthatinmind.

警察從來沒有因為我忽略掉我任務清單上的某事而把我抓走.這是件很棒的事,因為你可以把

做這些事的時間省下來.另外要記住,當你制定自己的目標的時候,許多人把精力放在正確的

做事上面.我覺得把精力集中在正確的做事上不好,做正確的事更重要.把正確的事做的差不

多,要比把錯誤的事做得漂亮重要的多.就像你把欄桿的下沿擦的再亮也一點也不重要.牢記

于心.

LouHoltzhadagreatlist:LouHoltz's100thingstodoinhislife.Hewouldonceaweek

lookatitandsay:IfI'mnotworkingonthose100things,whywasIworkingontheothers?

7

Ithinkthat'sanincrediblewaytoframethings.There'ssomethingcalledthe80/20rule.

Sometimesyou'llhearaboutthe90/10rule,butthekeythingtounderstandisthatavery

smallnumberofthingsinyourlifeoronyourToDo-listaregoingtocontributethevast

majorityofthevalue.Ifyou'reasalesperson,80percentoftherevenueisgoingtocome

from20percentofyourclients.Andyoubetterfigureoutwhothose20percentareand

spendallyourtimesuckinguptothem.Becausethat'swheretherevenuecomes.You've

gottobewillingtosay,thisstuffiswhat'sgoingtobethevalueandthisotherstuffisn'tand

you'vegottohavethecourageofyourconvictionstosay,thereforeI'mgonnashovethe

otherstuffofftheboat.

盧·霍爾茲有一份很棒的列表:一生中要做的100件事.他每周看看這個列表,反思:要是我沒在

做這一百件事,那么干嘛做其它的事?我覺得這是一個約束事情的很好的方法.有個規律叫做

80/20定律,有時你聽到的也可能是90/10定律,不過關鍵的是,你生活中的或是任務列表中的

少數幾件事卻有很重要的價值.要是你是個銷售員,你80%的利潤來自于20%的客戶.你應該

判斷出誰屬于這20%,從而將大部分時間花在與這些客戶打交道身上,因為他們才是利潤的來

源.這樣你將看到,某些事能帶來價值,而其它的某些事不能帶來價值,從而有勇氣把那些不重

要的事情放下.

Theotherthingtorememberisthatexperiencecomeswithtimeandit'sreally,really

valuable,andtherearenoshortcutstogettingit.Goodjudgmentcomesfromexperience,

andexperiencecomesfrombadjudgment.Soifthingsaren'tgoingwell,thatprobably

meansyou'relearningalotandwillgobetterlater.Thisis,bytheway,whywepayso

muchinAmericansocietyforpeoplewhoaretypicallyolderbuthavedonelotsofthingsin

theirpastbecausewe'repayingfortheirexperiencebecauseweknowthatexperienceis

oneofthethingsyoucan'tfake.

另外要記住,獲得經驗需要時間,這些經驗真的非常非常寶貴,也再沒有其它捷徑來獲得它們.

好的決定源自經驗,而這經驗卻正源自不好的決定.因此,如果事情的進展不順利,可能這就意

味著你將從中學到很多,情況也會漸漸變好.在美國社會中,我們付給那些年華已逝但曾做過

很多事的人那么多薪酬,實際上我們是為他們的經驗付薪酬.因為我們都知道,經驗是一樣我

們無法做偽的東西.

Anddonotlosesightofthepowerofinspiration.Randy'sinanhourlongtalkandwe've

alreadyhitourfirstDisneyreference.WaltDisneyhasmanygreatquotes.OnethatIlove

is:“Ifyoucandreamit,youcandoit.“Alotofmycynicalfriendssay,ya-di-ya-di-ya...to

whichIsay:Shutup.InspirationisimportantandItellyouthismuch,Idon'tknowifWalt

wasrightbutItellyouthismuch:Ifyourefusetoallowyourselftodreamit,Iknowyou

won'tdoit.Sothepowerofdreamsarethattheygiveusawaytotakethefirststep

towardsanaccomplishment.

也別忘記了靈感的力量.我上次的講座中已經談到迪斯尼了.沃爾特.迪斯尼講過許多偉大的

名言.我喜歡的其中之一是:“有夢想,就能行動.”我的許多犬儒主義的朋友說這說那,對這些

人,我只會說,閉嘴.靈感非常重要,這點我已經跟你們講了好多遍了.我并不知道沃爾特說的

是否正確,但是我想對你說,如果你都不讓自己去夢想,那么我知道你肯定不會去做.夢想的力

量就在于它讓我們朝著它邁出通向成就的第一步.

Waltwasalsonotjustadreamer.Waltworkedreallyhard.Disneyland-thisamazesme

becauseIknowalittlebitabouthowharditistoputthemeparkattractionstogether,and

theydidthewholeoriginalDisneylandparkin366days.That'sfromthefirstshovelfullof

dirttothefirstpaidadmission.Thinkabouthowlongittakestodosomething,say,ata

stateuniversity.Bycomparison!It'sfascinating.WhensomeoneonceaskedWaltDisney,

“Howdidyougetitdonein366days?“,hejustdeadpanned:“Weusedeveryoneofthem.“

8

Soagain,therearenoshortcuts,there'salotofhardworkinanythingyouwantto

accomplish.

沃爾特不只是個夢想家.他工作也很勤奮.迪斯尼樂園讓我很驚訝,我大概了解,要將這些主題

公園的魅力整合在一起有多么困難!可從第一鍬土到第一張門票,第一家迪斯尼樂園只用了

366天就建好了.隨便想想,比如在某個州立大學里要干點事要花掉多少時間吧.對比下!太牛

了!有人問迪斯尼,“你是怎樣在366天內就把它蓋好的?”他只是平淡地回答說,“我們日盡其

用.”再說一遍,沒有捷徑可言,無論想成就什么事,都要下很多苦功夫.

Planningisveryimportant,oneofthetimemanagementclichésis:Failingtoplanis

planningtofail.Planninghastobedoneatmultiplelevels.Ihaveaplaneverymorning

whenIwakeupandIsay,whatdoIneedtogetdonetoday,whatdoIneedtogetdone

thisweek,whatdoIneedtogetdoneeachsemester,that'ssortofthetimequanta

becauseI'manacademic.Thatdoesn'tmeanyou'relockedintoit!Peoplesay:“Yeah,but

thingsaresofluid!I'mgoingtohavetochangetheplan!“AndI'mlike,“Yes!Youaregoing

tohavetochangetheplan.Butyoucan'tchangeit,unlessyouhaveit!“Andtheexcuseof,

I'mnotgoingtomakeaplanbecausethingsmightchangeisjustthisparalysisof:Idon't

haveanymarchingorders.Sohaveaplan,acknowledgethatyou'regoingtochangeitbut

haveitsoyouhavethebasistostartwith.

做計劃非常重要,關于時間管理,非常經典的一句話就是,不去做計劃就是計劃去失敗.計劃

有好幾個層次.每天早晨醒來我都會做計劃,今天我打算完成什么,這一周我打算完成什么,這

學期我打算完成什么,我以這樣的層次來安排是因為我是個學者.這因人而異!人們可能會說:

“你說的沒錯,可事情瞬息萬變,我也要隨之改變計劃.”我說:“的確,你是得去改變你的計劃,

但你至少得有個計劃,才能談得上去改變.”因為事情多變而不去做計劃,這樣的借口就像

“我沒有行動指令”一樣.要去做計劃,盡管你可能要對其做出調整,但至少得有了計劃你才

能開始.

ToDolists.Howmanypeoplehere,ifIsaid,canyouproduceit,couldshowmetheirTo

Dolist?-Okay,notbad.ThekeythingwithToDolistsisyouhavetobreakthingsdown

intosmallsteps.IliterallyonceonmyToDolist,whenIwasajuniorfacultymemberatthe

UniversityofVirginia,Iput:“Gettenure.“Thatwasnaive!IlookedatthatforawhileandI

said:Oh,that'sreallyhard.Idon'tthinkIcandothat.Mychildren,DylanandLoganand

Chloe,particularlyDylan,isattheagewherehecancleanhisownroom,thankyouvery

much.Buthedoesn'tliketo,andChrisissmilingbecauseIusedtodothisstoryonhim

butnowI'vegotmyownkidstopickon.Dylanwillcometomeandsay:“Ican'tpickupmy

room,it'stoomuchstuff!“[sighsexaggeratedly]He'snotevenateenagerandhe'salready

gotthatmove!AndIsay:“Well,canyoumakeyourbed?“-“Yeah,Icandothat.““Okay,

canyouputalltheclothesinthehamper?“-“Yeah,Icandothat.“Andyoudothreeorfour

things,