使用說明內容為新GRE(GRErevised)OG中的閱讀的套題練習，參照閱讀2772設置，答案被隱藏。顯示的方法是鼠標左鍵單擊“常用”工具欄“顯示/隱藏編輯標記”按鈕（只有WORD才有此按鈕，寫字板沒有）。再次單擊又被隱藏。見下圖：

SECTION3VerbalReasoningTime—35minutes25QuestionsForeachofQuestions1to4,selectoneanswerchoiceunlessotherwiseinstructed.Questions1to3arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.WhetherthelanguagesoftheancientAmericanpeopleswereusedforexpressingabstractuniversalconceptscanbeclearlyansweredinthecaseofNahuatl.Nahuatl,likeGreekandGerman,isalanguagethatallowstheformationofextensivecom-pounds.Bythecombinationofradicalsorsemanticelements,singlecompoundwordscanexpresscomplexconceptualrelations,oftenofanabstractuniversalcharacter.Thetlamatinime(thosewhoknow)wereabletousethisrichstockofabstracttermstoexpressthenuancesoftheirthought.Theyalsoavailedthemselvesofotherformsofexpressionwithmetaphoricalmeaning,someprobablyoriginal,somederivedfromTolteccoinages.Oftheseforms,themostcharacteristicinNahuatlisthejuxtapositionoftwowordsthat,becausetheyaresynonyms,associatedterms,orevencontraries,complementeachothertoevokeonesingleidea.Usedmetaphorically,thejuxtaposedtermsconnotespecificoressentialtraitsofthebeingtheyreferto,introducingamodeofpoetryasanalmosthabitualformofexpression.Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.1. Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageregardingpresent-dayresearchrelatingtoNahuatl?A Somerecordorevidenceofthethoughtofthetlamatinimeisavailable.?B ForatleastsomeNahuatlexpressions,researchersareabletotracetheirderivationfromanotherancientAmericanlanguage.C ResearchersbelievethatinNahuatl,abstractuniversalconceptsarealwaysexpressedmetaphorically.2. SelectthesentenceinthepassageinwhichtheauthorintroducesaspecificNahuatlmodeofexpressionthatisnotidentifiedasbeingsharedwithcertainEuropeanlanguages.3.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“coinages”(line9)mostnearlymeansAadaptationsBcreationsCidiosyncrasiesDpronunciationsEcurrenciesQuestion4isbasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.AtacertainperiodinEarth’shistory,itsatmospherecontainedalmostnooxygen,althoughplantswereproducingvastquantitiesofoxygen.Asawayofreconcilingthesetwofacts,scientistshavehypothesizedthatnearlyalloftheoxygenbeingproducedwastakenupbyirononEarth’ssurface.Clearly,however,thisexplanationisinadequate.NewstudiesshowthattheamountofirononEarth’ssurfacewasnotsufficienttoabsorbanywherenearasmuchoxygenaswasbeingproduced.Therefore,somethinginadditiontotheirononEarth’ssurfacemusthaveabsorbedmuchoftheoxygenproducedbyplantlife.4. Intheargumentgiven,thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?AThefirstisaclaimmadebytheargumentinsupportofacertainposition;thesecondisthatposition.BThefirstisajudgmentmadebytheargumentaboutacertainexplanation;thesecondisthatexplanation.CThefirstexpressestheargument’sdismissalofanobjectiontothepositionitseekstoestablish;thesecondisthatposition.DThefirstsumsuptheargument’spositionwithregardtoacertainhypothesis;thesecondprovidesgroundsforthatposition.EThefirstisaconcessionbytheargumentthatitsinitialformulationofthepositionitseekstoestablishrequiresmodification;thesecondpresentsthatpositioninamodifiedform.Animalsignals,suchasthecomplexsongsofbirds,tendtobecostly.Abird,bysinging,mayforfeittimethatcouldotherwisebespentonotherimportantbehaviorssuchasforagingorresting.Singingmayalsoadvertiseanindividual’slocationtorivalsorpred-atorsandimpairtheabilitytodetecttheirapproach.Althoughthesetypesofcostmaybeimportant,discussionsofthecostofsinginghavegenerallyfocusedonenergycosts.Overalltheevidenceisequivocal:forinstance,whileEberhardtfoundincreasesinenergyconsumptionduringsingingforCarolinawrens,Chappellfoundnoeffectofcrowingonenergyconsumptioninroosters.Toobtainempiricaldataregardingtheenergycostsofsinging,Thomasexaminedtherelationshipbetweensongrateandovernightchangesinbodymassofmalenightingales.Birdsstoreenergyassubcutaneousfatdepositsor“bodyreserves”;changesinthesereservescanbereliablyestimatedbymeasuringchangesinbodymass.Ifsinginghasimportantenergycosts,nightingalesshouldlosemorebodymassonnightswhentheirsongrateishigh.Thomasfoundthatnightingalesreachedasignificantlyhigherbodymassatduskandlostmoremassovernightonnightswhentheirsongratewashigh.Theseresultssuggestthattheremaybeseveralcostsofsingingatnightassociatedwithbodyreserves.Theincreasedmetaboliccostofpossessinghigherbodymasscontributestotheincreasedovernightmassloss.Thestrategicregulationofeveningbodyreservesisalsolikelytoincuradditionalcosts,asnightingalesmustspendmoretimeforaginginordertobuilduplargerbodyreserves.Themetaboliccostofsingingitselfmayalsocontributetoincreasedlossofreserves.Thismetaboliccostmayarisefromthemuscularandneuralactivityinvolvedinsingingorfrombehaviorsassociatedwithsinging.Forexample,birdsmayexpendmoreoftheirreservesonthermoregulationiftheyspendthenightexposedtothewindonasongpostthaniftheyareinashelteredroostsite.Thomas’sdatathereforeshowthatwhetherornotsingingpersehasanimportantmetaboliccost,metaboliccostsassociatedwithsingingcanhaveanimpor-tantmeasurableeffectonabird’sdailyenergybudget,atleastinbirdswithhighsongratessuchasnightingales.9.TheprimarypurposeofthepassageistoAcomparethedifferenttypesofcostinvolvedforcertainbirdsinsingingBquestionahypothesisregardingtheenergycostsofsingingforcertainbirdsCpresentevidencesuggestingthatsinginghasanimportantenergycostforcertainbirdsDdiscussthebenefitsprovidedtoanorganismbyabehaviorthatiscostlyinenergyEdescribeanexperimentthatsupportsanalternativemodelofhowbirdsongfunctionsForthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.10.Thepassageimpliesthatduringthedaybeforeanightonwhichamalenightingale’ssongrateishigh,thatnightingaleprobablydoeswhichofthefollowing?A ExpendslessofitsreservesonthermoregulationthanonotherdaysB StoresmoreenergyasbodyreservesthanonotherdaysC Hidestoavoidpredators11.Selectthesentenceinthefirstorsecondparagraphthatpresentsempiricalresultsinsupportofahypothesisabouttheenergycostsofsinging.Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.12.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatcomparedwithothercostsofsinging,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheenergycostsofsinging?A Theyarethesinglegreatestcosttoanindividualbird.B Theyhavegenerallyreceivedmoreattentionfromscientists.C Theyvarylessfromonebirdspeciestoanother.Question13isbasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Inthepasttenyears,therehavebeenseveralimprovementsinmountain-climbingequipment.Theseimprovementshavemadethesportbothsaferandmoreenjoyableforexperiencedclimbers.Despitetheseimprovements,however,therateofmountain-climbinginjurieshasdoubledinthepasttenyears.13.（logic）Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,bestreconcilestheapparentdiscrepancypresentedinthepassage?AManyclimbers,lulledintoafalsesenseofsecurity,usethenewequipmenttoattemptclimbingfeatsofwhichtheyarenotcapable.BSomemountain-climbinginjuriesarecausedbyunforeseeableweatherconditions.CMountainclimbing,althoughadangeroussport,doesnotnormallyresultininjurytotheexperiencedclimber.DInthepasttenyearstherehavebeenimprovementsinmountain-climbingtechniquesaswellasinmountain-climbingequipment.EAlthoughtherateofmountain-climbinginjurieshasincreased,therateofmountain-climbingdeathshasnotchanged.Questions18to20arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Theconditionofscholarshipdevotedtothehistoryofwomeninphotographyiscon-founding.RecentyearshavewitnessedtheposthumousinflationoftheroleofthehobbyistAliceAustenintothatofapioneeringdocumentarianwhiledozensofnotableseniorfigures—MarionPalfi,whosephotographsofcivil-rightsactivitiesintheSouthservedasearlyevidenceoftheneedforprotectivelegislation,tonameone—receivedscantattentionfromscholars.And,whileNaomiRosenblum’ssynopticHistoryofWomenPhotographerscoversthesubjectthrough1920inagenerallyusefulfashion,onceshereachesthe1920s,whenthevenues,forms,applications,andmovementsofthemediumexpandedexponentially,sheresortstoanincreasinglyterselistingofun-familiarnames,withapproachesandcareerssummarizedinasentenceortwo.18.TheauthorofthepassagecitesRosenblum’sbookmostlikelyinordertoAsuggestthattheworksdocumentedmostthoroughlybyhistoriansofwomeninphotographyoftendonotwarrantthatattentionBofferanexplanationfortheobservationthatnotallaspectsofthehistoryofwomeninphotographyhavereceivedthesamelevelofattentionCprovideanexampleofawayinwhichscholarshiponthehistoryofwomeninphotographyhasbeenunsatisfactoryDsuggestthatemployingastrictlychronologicalapproachwhenstudyingthehistoryofwomeninphotographymaybeunproductiveEprovidesupportforthenotionthatcertainpersonalitiesinwomen’sphotographyhaveattainedundueprominenceForthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.19.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMarionPalfiissupportedbythepassage?A MarionPalfi’sphotographswouldhavereceivedgreaterrecognitionfromhistorianshadherworkbeendoneinanerawhenmostaspectsofphotographywerestaticratherthaninastateoftransition.B AliceAustenhasachievedgreaternotorietythanhasMarionPalfiprimarilybecausethesubjectsthatAustenphotographedweremorefamiliartohercontemporaries.C Inadditiontoprovidingarecordofcertainhistoricalevents,MarionPalfi’sphotographsplayedaroleinsubsequentevents.20.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“inflation”(line2)mostnearlymeansAexaggerationBacquisitionCevaluationDdistortionEattenuation

SECTION4VerbalReasoningTime—35minutes25QuestionsForeachofQuestions5to9,selectoneanswerchoiceunlessotherwiseinstructed.Questions5and6arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Whenmarineorganismscalledphytoplanktonphotosynthesize,theyabsorbcarbondioxidedissolvedinseawater,potentiallycausingareductionintheconcentrationofatmosphericcarbondioxide,agasthatcontributestoglobalwarming.However,phy-toplanktonflourishonlyinsurfacewaterswhereironlevelsaresufficientlyhigh.Mar-tinthereforehypothesizedthataddingirontoiron-poorregionsoftheoceancouldhelpalleviateglobalwarming.Whileexperimentssubsequentlyconfirmedthatsuchaprocedureincreasesphytoplanktongrowth,fieldtestshaveshownthatsuchgrowthdoesnotsignificantlyloweratmosphericcarbondioxide.Whenphytoplanktonutilizecarbondioxideforphotosynthesis,thecarbonbecomesabuildingblockfororganicmatter,butthecarbonleaksbackintotheatmospherewhenpredatorsconsumethephytoplanktonandrespirecarbondioxide.Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.5. ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatMartin’shypothesisincludeswhichofthefollowingelements?A AcorrectunderstandingofhowphytoplanktonphotosynthesisutilizescarbondioxideB Acorrectpredictionabouthowtheadditionofirontoiron-poorwaterswouldaffectphytoplanktongrowthC Anincorrectpredictionabouthowphytoplanktongrowthwouldaffecttheconcentrationofatmosphericcarbondioxide6.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagementionspredators(line10)primarilyinordertoAhelpexplainwhyMartin’shypothesisisincorrectBidentifyoneeffectofaddingirontoiron-poorwatersCindicatehowsomecarbondioxideisconvertedtosolidorganicmatterDhelpaccountfordifferencesinthedensityofphytoplanktonbetweendifferentregionsoftheoceanEpointoutafactorthatwasnotanticipatedbythescientistswhoconductedthefieldtestsmentionedinthepassageQuestion7isbasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Sparva,unlikeTreland’sotherprovinces,requiresautomobileinsurerstopayforanymedicaltreatmentsoughtbysomeonewhohasbeeninvolvedinanaccident;intheotherprovinces,insurerspayfornonemergencytreatmentonlyiftheypreapprovethetreatment.Clearly,Sparva’slessrestrictivepolicymustbetheexplanationforthefactthataltogetherinsurerstherepayforfarmoretreatmentsafteraccidentsthaninsurersinotherprovinces,eventhoughSparvadoesnothavethelargestpopulation.7. （logic）Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststrengthenstheargument?ACarinsurancecostsmoreinSparvathaninanyotherprovince.BThecostofmedicalcareinSparvaishigherthanthenationalaverage.CDifferentinsurancecompanieshavedifferentstandardsfordeterminingwhatconstitutesemergencytreatment.DFewerinsurancecompaniesoperateinSparvathaninanyotherprovince.ETherearefewertrafficaccidentsannuallyinSparvathaninanyoftheprovincesofcomparableorgreaterpopulation.Questions8and9arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.ElementsofthePhilosophyofNewton,publishedbyVoltairein1738,wasanearlyattempttopopularizethescientificideasofIsaacNewton.Inthebook’sfrontispiece,Voltaireisseenwritingathisdesk,andoverhimashaftoflightfromheaven,thelightoftruth,passesthroughNewtontoVoltaire’scollaboratorMadameduChatelet;shereflectsthatlightontotheinspiredVoltaire.//Voltaire’sbookcommandedawideaudi-ence,accordingtoFeingold,because“hewasneitheramathematiciannoraphysicist,butaliterarygiantalooffromtheacademicdisputesoverNewtonianideas.”Inotherwords,Voltaire’samateurisminscience“wasasourceofhiscontemporaryappeal,demonstratingforthefirsttimetheaccessibilityofNewton’sideastononspecialists.”Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutVoltaire’sElementsofthePhilosophyofNewtoncanbeinferredfromthepassage?A Voltaire’sliterarystaturehelpedsecurealargeaudienceforthisattempttopopularizeNewton’sideas.B Voltaire’sstatusasanonscientistwasanadvantageinthisefforttobringNewtoniansciencetotheattentionofthegeneralpublic.C ThefrontispieceofthebookimpliesthatVoltaire’sunderstandingofNewton’sideaswasnotachievedwithoutassistance.9. SelectthesentencethatdescribesanallegoryforVoltaire’sacquisitionofknowledgeconcerningNewton’sideas.Questions14to16arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.ItwouldbeexpectedthatanovelbyafigureasprominentasW.E.B.DuBoiswouldattracttheattentionofliterarycritics.Additionally,whenthenovelsubtlyengagestheissueofrace,asDuBois’TheQuestoftheSilverFleece(1911)does,itwouldbeasurprisenottoencounteranabundanceofscholarlyworkaboutthattextButthoughvaluablescholarshiphasexaminedDuBois’politicalandhistoricalthought,hisnovelshavereceivedscantattention.PerhapsDuBoisthenovelistmustwaithisturnbehindDuBoisthephilosopher,historian,andeditor.Butwhatifthetruthlieselsewhere:whatifhisnovelsdonotspeaktocurrentconcerns?14.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageregardingDuBois’TheQuestoftheSilverFleece?AThelackofattentiondevotedtoTheQuestoftheSilverFleececanbeattributedtothefactthatitwasDuBois’firstnovel.BAmongDuBois’novels,TheQuestoftheSilverFleeceisunusualinthatithasreceivedscantattentionfromscholars.CTheQuestoftheSilverFleecehasatleastonefeaturethattypicallywouldattracttheattentionofliteraryscholars.DTheQuestoftheSilverFleece,givenitssubtleexplorationofrace,isprobablythebestnovelwrittenbyDuBois.EMuchofthescholarlyworkthathasfocusedonTheQuestoftheSilverFleecehasbeensurprisinglycriticalofit.15.Inthefourthsentence(“PerhapsDuBois...editor.”),theauthorofthepassageismostlikelysuggestingthatAscholarswillfindthatDuBois’novelsaremorerelevanttocurrentconcernsthanishisworkasphilosopher,historian,andeditorBmorescholarlyattentionwillbepaidtoTheQuestoftheSilverFleecethantoDuBois’othernovelsCDuBois’novelswillcometoovershadowhisworkasphilosopher,historian,andeditorDDuBois’novelsmayeventuallyattractgreaterscholarlyinterestthantheyhavetodateEitwillbeshownthatDuBois’workasphilosopher,historian,andeditorhadanimportantinfluenceonhisworkasnovelist16.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthecentralissuewithwhichthepassageisconcerned?ATheperfunctorinessofmuchofthecriticalworkdevotedtoDuBois’NovelsBThenatureofDuBois’engagementwiththeissueofraceinTheQuestoftheSilverFleeceCWhetherDuBois’novelsareofhighqualityandrelevanttocurrentconcernsDTherelationshipbetweenDuBoisthenovelistandDuBoisthephilosopher,historian,andeditorEThedegreeofconsiderationthathasbeengiventoDuBois’novels,includingTheQuestoftheSilverFleeceQuestion21isbasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Saturn’sgiantmoonTitanistheonlyplanetarysatellitewithasignificantatmosphereandtheonlybodyinthesolarsystemotherthanEarththathasathickatmospheredominatedbymolecularnitrogen.Foralongtime,thebigquestionaboutTitan’satmospherewashowitcouldbesothick,giventhatJupiter’smoonsGanymedeandCallisto,whicharethesamesizeasTitan,havenone.Theconditionsforacquiringandretainingathicknitrogenatmospherearenowreadilyunderstood.ThelowtemperatureoftheprotosaturniannebulaenabledTitantoacquirethemoderatelyvolatilecompoundsmethaneandammonia(laterconvertedtonitrogen)inadditiontowater.ThehighertemperaturesofJupiter’smoons,whichwereclosertotheSun,preventedthemfromacquiringsuchanatmosphere.21.Accordingtothepassage,TitandiffersatmosphericallyfromGanymedeandCallistobecauseofadifferenceinArateofheatlossBproximitytotheSunCavailabilityofmethaneandammoniaDdistancefromitsplanetEsizeQuestion22isbasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.ObservationsoftheArcticrevealthattheArcticOceaniscoveredbylessiceeachsum-merthantheprevioussummer.Ifthiswarmingtrendcontinues,within50yearstheArcticOceanwillbeicefreeduringthesummermonths.Thisoccurrencewouldinitselfhavelittleornoeffectonglobalsealevels,sincethemeltingoficefloatinginwaterdoesnotaffectthewaterlevel.However,seriousconsequencestosealevelswouldeventuallyresult,because.22.Whichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletesthepassage?AlargemassesoffloatingseaicewouldcontinuetoforminthewintertimeBsignificantchangesinArcticseatemperatureswouldbeaccompaniedbychangesinseatemperaturesinmoretemperatepartsoftheworldCsuchawarmArcticOceanwouldtriggerthemeltingofmassiveland-basedglaciersintheArcticD