倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略1.完全倒裝完全倒裝是把句子的謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。在下列幾種情況下多用完全倒裝：

1)

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位于句首，且主語(yǔ)為名詞而謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞的陳述句。如：

Onthetopofthehillstandsabigpinetree.倒裝2)在“there+be/live/lie/stand/...”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Oncetherelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.3)here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等副詞位于句首，主語(yǔ)為名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是be,come,go,run,rush,fly,follow,fall等詞，時(shí)態(tài)為一般時(shí)。如：Herearesomeadvertisementsaboutcars.

Therecometherestofthestudents.

Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas.注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序不變。如：Awayhewent.

Downitcame.4)有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或者為了使句子平衡，常把句子的表語(yǔ)置于句首，構(gòu)成完全倒裝。如：PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorSmith,ProfessorBrownandmanyothercelebrities.Gonearethedayswhentheyhadnothingtoeat.5)such作表語(yǔ)提前時(shí)。如：SuchistheinfluenceofTVthatitcanmakeapersonfamousovernight.6)有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可將謂語(yǔ)部分的動(dòng)詞-ing形式、過(guò)去分詞或不定式置于句首。如：Standingbesidethetablewashiswife.

Buriedinthesandswasanancientvillage.Tobecarefullyconsideredarethefollowingquestions.2.部分倒裝部分倒裝是把謂語(yǔ)的一部分（助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）提到主語(yǔ)之前。使用部分倒裝的情況有：1)含否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)(如not,nor,never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,little,few,nowhere,notuntil,notonly,nosooner,innoway,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances,bynomeans等)置于句首時(shí)。如：Neverwouldheknowwhatshehadsuffered.Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.Onnoaccountmustwegiveupthisattempt.2)only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。如：Onlywhenshecamehomedidhermotherlearnthenews.3)表示前面提出的某一情況也同樣適用于后者時(shí)，通常要用“so/neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：HecanspeakEnglishandsocanI.

Ifshewon’tgotheretomorrow,neither/norwillI.4)虛擬條件句含有were,should,had時(shí)，可省略if，將were,should,had移到主語(yǔ)之前。如：Shouldyourequireanything,givemearing.Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.5)so...that結(jié)構(gòu)中的“so+形容詞/副詞”置于句首時(shí)，主句通常要部分倒裝，但如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be時(shí)，則為全部倒裝。如：Soearnestlydidtheboybegthathisfathergavehispermission.

（部分倒裝）SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.（全部倒裝）3.其它情況1)當(dāng)表示前面提出的某一情況也同樣適用于后者時(shí)，通常要用“so/neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Lisaisrightandsoareyou,atleasttoadegree.Myfatherdoesn'tlikecycling,andneitherdoI.Theycouldn'tunderstanditatthetime,andnorcouldwe.2)so...that結(jié)構(gòu)中的“so+形容詞/副詞”置于句首時(shí),主句通常要部分倒裝；但如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句則要完全倒裝。如:Sobadlywasheinjuredinthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.Soheavywasthesnowthatwecouldn'tgotowork.3)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)，可將狀語(yǔ)置于句首，這時(shí)句子用完全倒裝語(yǔ)序。如：Bythewindowsataboywithamagazineinhishand.

為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔，人們常把某些詞省略掉。被省略的部分可能是主語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分、賓語(yǔ)等。有時(shí)句子的大部分都會(huì)被省略。常見(jiàn)的省略情況有：省略1.并列句中的省略在由并列連詞and,but,or等連接的并列句中，后邊的分句中可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分，以避免重復(fù)。如：Heisalawyerandhiswife(is)acleaner.Tosomethequestionisveryeasy,andtoothers(thequestionis)sohard.2.復(fù)合句中的省略1)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有be時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)和be可以省略。如:Although(shewas)theyoungestofthegroup,shewonalltheprizes.Marthawon'tcometothepartyunless(sheis)invited.2)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是itis/was時(shí)，itis/was常被省略。如：If(itis)necessary,I'llgiveyouacall.【注意】在對(duì)話中，常用so或not來(lái)替代整個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句。這不是省略句，但作用接近省略句。如：—Doyouthinkthemovieisgreat?—Ithinkso(=Ithinkthatthemovieisgreat).—Doyouthinkitispermittedtosmokehere?—I'mafraidnot(=I'mafraidthatitisn'tpermittedtosmokehere).3.不定式符號(hào)to的省略1)主語(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的不定式可省略to。如：AllIwanttodoisgohomeandtakeashower.WhatIwantyoutodoiscleanupyourroom.2)在but和except之前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，其后的不定式可省略to。如：Theywereallsotiredthattheycoulddonothingbutyawn.Iwoulddoanythingforherexcepteatwhatshecooks.3)幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相同的不定式連用時(shí)，通常只在第一個(gè)不定式之前加不定式符號(hào)to。如：Hedecidedtostayinthesmallhotelandcontinuehiswriting.1.Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...1)該句型可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)以外的其它句子成分。否定形式：Itisn't/wasn't+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that....

一般疑問(wèn)句形式：Is/Wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...?強(qiáng)調(diào)

特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：疑問(wèn)詞+is/wasitthat...?2)not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句形式為Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。3)強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)指人時(shí)，也可用who代替that。2.助動(dòng)詞do/does/did+動(dòng)詞原形強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，需借用助動(dòng)詞do/does/did，這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句中。如：Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.I’lltellyousomethingthatdoessoundstrange.Shedidcomelate,verylate.Ihadmarkedherabsence,ofcourse.

ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment______(who/where/that)Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.（天津2017）2.Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotel_____thecoachpicksuptourists.(天津2016)thatthat3.Notuntilrecently_____theyencouragethedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.(江蘇2016)4.OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice_____sherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.(天津2015)diddid5.Onlyaftertalkingtotwostudents________thathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.(湖南2015) A.Ididdiscover B.didIdiscover C.Idiscovered D.discovered6.Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcentury____hismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.(重慶2015)A.while B.though C.that D.after7.OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice______thatshehadleftthecontractathome.(天津2015)A.sherealized B.hassherealizedC.shehasrealizedD.didsherealize8.Itwaswhenwewerereturninghome_____Irealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.(湖南2015)A.which B.that C.where D.how9.If________(accept)forthejob,you’llbeinformedsoon.(北京2015)10.Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,_____,reaching30℃insummer.

(福建2014)A.ifnot

B.ifever

C.ifany

D.ifsoacceptedI.用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞或短語(yǔ)的正確順序填空。Underthebigtree__________________________(anelderlyfarmer,was,sitting).2.____________(have,do)anotherpieceofcake;it'sreallyverydelicious.3.Notonly_____________(I,did,hear)thecar,butIactuallysawitcrashintoatree.wassittinganelderlyDohavedidIhearfarmer4.So___________________(hisvoice,was,loud)thateveryoneintheclassroomstaredathim.5.Shehadasorethroatandnotasinglesong_______________(sing,she,did)atyesterday'sparty.6.ItraveltoLondonbybuseveryday,and_______________________(mostofthepeople,do,so)wholiveinthisvillage.loudwashisvoicedidshesingsodomostofthepeople7.Down___________________(thecriminal,jumped)fromthethirdfloorwhenthepolicemanpointedhisgunathim.8.

Onlybyshoutingatthetopofhisvoice___________________(was,ableto,he,make)himselfheard.

jumpedthecriminalwasheabletomakeII.根據(jù)提示將下面句子改寫(xiě)為倒裝句。1.Look!Mr.Browncomeshere.Look!Here__________________.2.Herushedout,guninhishand.Out______________,guninhishand.3.Theyaren'tstayingwithusanylonger.Nolonger_______________________.4.Thehourwehadbeenlookingforwardtocamethen.Then______________wehadbeenlookingforwardto.comesMr.Brownherushedaretheystayingwithuscamethehour5.Hedidn'tdoubtthetruthofyourstoryforamoment.Notformoment________________________________.6.Hedidn'trealisehismistakeuntilhisteachertoldhim.Notuntilhisteachertoldhim_______________________.didhedoubtthetruthofdidherealisehismistakeyourstory7.Thispinkdressdoesn'tsuitme,andtheblueonedoesn'tsuitmeeither.Thispinkdressdoesn'tsuitme,andneither___________________.8.Wehadnosoonersetoutthanathunderstormbroke.Nosooner____________________thanathunderstormbroke.doestheblueonehadwesetoutⅢ.閱讀短文，并根據(jù)提示回答問(wèn)題。

Whenalionwasasleep,alittlemousebeganrunningupanddownbesidehim.Thissoonwakenedthelion.Hewasveryangry,andcaughtthemouseinhispaws(爪子).“Forgiveme,please,”criedthelittlemouse.“Imaybeabletohelpyousomeday.”Hearingthesewords,thelionthought,“Howcouldthislittl