BOOK4LESSON5astride[]1.prep.withonelegoneachsideofsomething跨（或騎）在…上，[常用短語]tositastrideahorse/bike/chair騎馬/自行車，跨坐在椅子上atownastridetheriver跨河的城鎮(zhèn)2.adv.withlegsorfeetwideapart叉開雙腿withonelegoneachside跨著，騎著Ladiesridehorsesbysittingastrideorside-saddle.[詞形變化]astringentn.&adj.n.（用于化妝品或藥物的）收斂劑，止血劑adj.(能使皮膚或傷口）收斂的，止血的；（formal）尖刻的，辛辣的;微苦而清新的[常用短語]astringentwriters/comments尖刻的作家/評論;theastringenttasteoflemonjuice嘗起來苦而清新的檸檬汁baba[‘b]n.asponge-likecake,usuallysoakedinrumsyrup.海綿蛋糕bad-tempered[]adj.1.easilyannoyedorangry易怒的2.inaangrymood發(fā)脾氣的Shegetsverybad-temperedwhenshe’stired.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]tempern.&v.n.脾氣，易怒的性情；怒氣；情緒，性情v.（formal）tomakesthlessseverebyaddingsomethingthathastheoppositeeffect.使緩和，使溫和Justicemustbetemperedwithmercy.[常用短語]aviolent/quicktemper急性/火性脾氣inatemper一氣之下beinabad/foultemper心情不好lose/keepyourtemper(withsb)發(fā)脾氣/忍住火氣tempersth(withsth)使緩和,使溫和baker[’n.1apersonwhosejobisbakingandsellingbreadandcakes面包（糕餅）師傅；面包店老板2(baker’s)(pl.bakers)ashopthatsellsbreadandcakes:I’mjustgoingtothebaker’s.[常用短語]abaker’sdozen(old-fashioned)13[詞形變換]bakev.(在烤爐里)烘烤；焙(將某物)烤硬;（變得）灼熱，炎熱bakeryn.面包店（廠）bastard;n.1.usedtoinsultsb,especiallyaman,whohasbeenrude,unpleasantorcruel雜種；混蛋；惡棍：He’sarealbastard.2.awordthatsomepeopleusedaboutortosb,especiallyaman,whotheyfeelveryjealousoforsorryfor(認(rèn)為別人走運或不幸時說)家伙，可憐蟲：Whataluckybastard!3.usedaboutsththatcausesdifficultiesorproblems討厭的事物；麻煩事：It’sabastardofaproblem.4.(old-fashioned,disapproving)apersonwhoseparentswerenotmarriedtoeachotherwhenheorshewasborn私生子[詞形變換]bastardlya.私生的；庶出的；偽造的；鄙劣的bastardizev.[VN](formal)拙劣的仿造bloodyadv.＆adj.adv.aswearwordthatmanypeoplefindoffensivethatisusedtoemphasizeacommentoranangrystatement用以加強語氣；很多人認(rèn)為含冒犯之意：Don’tbesuchabloodyfool.Shedidbloodywelltowinthatrace.adj.(bloodier,bloodiest)1.involvingalotofviolenceandkilling嗜殺的；血腥的；殘暴的：abloodybattle一場血戰(zhàn)2.coveredwithblood;bleeding血淋淋的；流血的：togivesbabloodynose(=inafight)把某人打得鼻孔流血[常用短語]bloodywellusedtoemphasizeanangrystatementoranorder(強調(diào)氣憤的話或命令)：Youcanbloodywellkeepyourjob—Idon’twantit![詞形變換]bloodn.血液，血bloodlessadj.蒼白的，無血色的bleedv.流血bugle:n.amusicalinstrumentlikeasmalltrumpet,usedinthearmyforgivingsignals軍號[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]buglern.apersonwhoplaysthebugle司號兵，號手charger:n.1.apieceofequipmentforloadingabatterywithelectricity充電器2.（olduse）ahorsethatasoldierorknightrodeinbattleinthepast（舊時的）軍馬，戰(zhàn)馬[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]chargen.＆v.n.1.money[C,U]charge(forsth)theamountofmoneyyouhavetopayforgoodsorservices(商品或服務(wù)所需的)要價、收費2.responsibility[U]thepositionofhavingcontrolorresponsibilityforagroupofpeopleoranactivity主管，掌管，責(zé)任:Hetookchargeofthefarmafterhisfather’sdeath.3.electricity[C,U]theamountofelectricitythatisputintoabatteryorcarriedbyasubstance(電池或帶電池物質(zhì)的)充電量，電荷：apositive/negativecharge正/負(fù)電荷4.anofficialclaimmadebythepolicethatsbhascommittedacrime指控，控告v.1.askasaprice,askinpayment索價，要價2.makeachargeagainst;rushforwardandattack突擊；猛攻[常用短語]freeofcharge免費/inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)某事/inthechargeof(sb’scharge)由…管crook[]n.1.[C]informalsomeonewhoisdishonest（非正式）騙子；無賴：Iwouldn’tbuyacarfromthem----they’reabunchofcrooks.2.[C]alongstickwithacurvedend,usedbypeoplewholookaftersheep(牧羊用的一端有彎鉤的)手杖：theshepherd’scrook[常用短語]thecrookofyourarm臂彎：Shecradledthelittledoginthecrookofherarm..[補充意義]v.[T]ifyoucrookyourfingeroryourarm,youbendit使（手指，手臂）彎曲：Shebeckonedme,crookingherfinger.adj.[neverbeforenoun.informalAustrE]ill有病的，生病的[詞形變換]crookedadj.不誠實的；彎曲的crookedlyadv.欺騙地；彎曲地crookednessn.欺騙；彎曲cross[]v.(crossed,crossed,crossing)1.[I,T]goacross;passorextendfromonesidetotheothersideof(sth.)穿過，渡過：Twocyclistscrossedthefinishlinetogetherinfirstplace.2.[T]putorplace(sth.)acrossoroversth.elseofthesametype（使）交叉，（使）相交：Shewassittingonthefloorwithherlegscrossed.[補充意義]n..1.[C]markmadebydrawingonelinecrossanother,eg.“x”or“+”十字形，十字架等:I'veputacrossonthemaptomarkwhereourhouseis.2.[C]offspringofanimalsorplantsofdifferentsortsorbreeds雜交，雜種：Theirdogisacrossbetweentwowell-knownbreeds.adj.[usuallybeforenoun]especiallyBritishEnglishangryorannoyed生氣的，惱怒的：Alrightyoutwo,don’tgetcrosswitheachother![常用短語]crossoff（從…）化掉crossone’smind想起crossout劃掉，涂掉crossone’sheart向…保證crossover投奔敵方，投誠到我方crossswordswith爭論，辯論[典型考題]Thenwestartedtopushourway_____crowdsofchildren.A.acrossB.crossC.throughD.past[試題詳解]答案C.句意：于是我們就開始從一群孩子中擠出去。across“從一邊到另一邊，橫過”，它強調(diào)從空中或平面過去，如walkacrossthestreet走過這條街，abridgeacrosstheriver橫跨河上的一座橋，它沒有從某物中間穿過的意思，因此不能用于“穿過人群”這種情況。cross雖然有“橫穿，穿過”的意思，但詞性卻是動詞，在本題中不能用。past意為“從一邊到另一邊”，所帶的名詞常被看作一個獨立的物體，如Shewalkedpasttheshop.她走過那家商品。past沒有從內(nèi)部通過的意思，因此不適合于本題。只有through指（空間）通過一物或洞穴的“穿過”，“通過”。如：Thetrainhaspassedthroughthetunnel.火車已通過隧道。因此C正確。disfigured[]adj.[dis-(否定)+figure(造型)+-ed]havingtheappearancespoiled毀容的，變丑的；毀壞的：Hisfacehasbeendisfiguredinanaccident.[典型考題]Thechurchwas______bythehalf-builtsteeple.A.blemishedB.disfiguredC.defacedD.marred[試題分析]此題為易混詞辨析，答案為B.[詳細(xì)解答]句意：教堂被造了一半的尖塔影響了外觀。這組選項有對一個人或一件物件的外表造成傷害或損壞的意思。disfigure和mar意指比較永久性的傷害。這兩個詞的區(qū)別在于disfigure表示輪廓或外貌的改變，而mar則可用于大體上不會改變外觀，但可能減低效力或功能的不經(jīng)心破壞，如：Therecordwassomarredthatitwasalmostimpossibletolistento.“這張唱片損壞的很厲害，幾乎不可能再聽了。”deface和blemish往往可與disfigure及mar交換使用，不過常用于較不永久的傷害或破壞。deface差不多總表示把瑕疵加在原本并沒有被disfigure的物品上，動機往往是不良的用心，如：campaignpostersdefacedbygraffiti“遭人涂鴉弄污了的競選海報”，而事物可能被與生俱來的缺陷所blemish，如：aprogramblemishedfromtheoutsetbyalackoffunds“一個一開始就因缺乏經(jīng)費而受掣肘的計劃”。[詞形變換]disfigurev.毀壞（某事物)與生具有的美麗disfigurementn.毀容，缺陷，畸形disfiguringadj.面容損毀的ex-[]prefixformerandstillliving以前的，前任的（仍然在世的）：myex-wife我的前妻anex-Englandcricketer前英格蘭板球運動員ex-con以前的罪犯,有前科者ex-directory不記載于電話號碼簿的ex-officio[法]依職業(yè)的，當(dāng)然的fantasize[]v.(fantasized,fantasized,fantasizing）[I,T](=fantasiseBrE)toimaginesomethingstrange,orverypleasanthappeningtoyou想象;幻想：Helikedtofantasizethathehadwonagoldmedal.[常用短語]fantasizeabout想象，幻想:ShewouldfantasizeaboutherfuturelifewithKyle.[詞形變換]fantasyn.幻想，胡思亂想fantasticadj.奇異的，古怪的fantasticaladj.奇異的，荒唐的，虛構(gòu)的fantasticallyadv.嚇人地fend[fend]v(fended,fended,fending)[I]Towithstandtheforceofsomething抵抗；抵御，抵擋例句：Themountainclimbershadtofendagainsttheiceandsnow.[T]fendsb/sthoffphrvTodefendyourselfagainstsomeonewhoisattackingyou擋開某人或某物的（攻擊）例句：AbagorbriefcasecanbeusedtofendoffanattackTodealwithdifficultquestions,especiallybyavoidingansweringthemdirectly避開，回避（難題）例句：Ididmybesttofendoffhiscriticalremarks.[常用短語]Fendforoneself;totrytomanagewithouthelp供養(yǎng)，照料例句：Theyoungstershadtofendforthemselvesaftertheirparentsdied[詞形變換]fendern.防衛(wèi)物；（汽車等的）擋泥板；（暖爐的）爐圍；（船只的）碰墊[詞義辨析]fend&defenddefend:todosomethinginordertoprotectsomeoneorsomethingfrombeingattacked多指保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)；另一個意思指為……辯護(hù)，為……辯解，常用配為defend……against/from保護(hù)……免遭。而fend多強調(diào)抵擋這個動作。fork[n.1.[C]atoolusedforpickingupandeatingfood,withahandleandthreeorfourpints餐叉,叉子:knivesandforks刀叉2.[C]Agardentoolusedfordigging,withahandleandthreeorfourpints叉，耙3.[C]placewherearoad,river,treebranch,etc,dividesintotwoparts岔口，岔流:theturningfork[補充詞義]v.1.[I]Ifaroad,path,orriverforks,itdividesintotwoparts（道路或河流）分岔例句；Heretheriverforks.2.[T]topickup,carry,orturnsomethingoverusingafork叉起，（用叉）搬運（用叉）翻耙例：toforkone'sfingers；toforkhay[常用短語]forkleft/right在岔口往左拐/往右拐forkoutshphrv【非正式】（不情愿）付錢，付出例句：Ihadtoforkoutover600￥onmycarwhenIhaditserviced.[詞形變換]forkedadjhavingoneenddividedintotwoormoreparts叉狀的，分岔的，有叉的例句：Snakehaveforkedtongues,.frenzied['frenzi:d]adjFrenziedactivityisdonewithalotofanxietyorexcitementandnotmuchorganizationorcontrol狂亂的，瘋狂似的例句：frenziedeffortstofindasolution[詞形變換]Frenziedlyadv瘋狂地Frenzyn.瘋狂，狂熱，狂亂[常用短語]：1.Inafrenzy瘋狂地例句：Shepleadedwiththeminafrenzytoreleaseherson.2.Afrenzyofpassion/remorseetc一陣狂熱,,一陣懊悔furiously[]extremelyangrily狂怒地[詞形變換]furiousnessn.猛烈，狂暴furiousadj.Extremelyangry狂暴的，暴怒的例句：I'veneverbeensofuriousinmywholelife.Donewithalotofenergy,effort,oranger猛烈的，強烈的例句：Therewasasuddenfuriousbarkingfromthebackyard.[常用短語]befuriouswith\at\aboutsth對……感到生氣例句；HewasfuriouswithhimselffornotstandinguptoPeter.Gateway['ɡeitwei]n.1.[c]Theopeninginawallorsomethingthatcanbeclosedbyagate（籬笆或圍墻上的）出入口2thegatewaytoaplace,thatyoucangothroughinordertoreachanothermuchbiggerplace通向更廣闊地區(qū)的通道，門戶例：TheportofDoverisEnglandsgatewaytoEurope。Awayofachievingsomething……的途徑，……的手段例：Gratitudeisthegatewaytowealth.Hareworkisthegatewaytosuccess.[補充意義]awayofconnectingtwocomputernetworksthatwouldotherwisenotbeabletobeconnected(術(shù)語)網(wǎng)關(guān)(Gateway)網(wǎng)關(guān)是一種充當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換重任的計算機系統(tǒng)或設(shè)備[詞義辨析]gate&gatewaygate多指門，柵欄門：agardengate或機場大樓里的登機門glaze[]v.(glazed，glazed，glazing)1.[I]ifyoureyesglazeover,theyshownoexpressionbecauseyouareveryboredortired（因無聊或疲倦）變得目光呆滯2.[T]tocoverplates,cupsetcmadeofclaywithathinliquidthatgivesthemashinysurface給（粘土制的碗碟等）上釉3.[T]tofitglassintowindowframesinahouse,door給（窗框）裝玻璃glazen.1.[C]aliquidthatisusedtocoverplatesmadeofclayandgivethemashinysurface釉2.[U]liquidwhichisputontofruit,cake,ormeattogiveitanattractiveshinysurface（澆在水果、蛋糕或熟肉上使之好看的）漿汁3.[U]atransparentcoveringofoilpaintspreadoverapainting釉，透明色料，光油[詞形變換]glazeda.呆滯的[補充意義][T]tocoverfruit,cake,ormeatwithaliquidwhichgivesitanattractiveshinysurface在（水果、蛋糕或熟肉表面）澆漿汁greedy[adj.1.wantingmorefoodordrinkthanyouneed貪吃的，貪喝的:Donotbegreedy---leavesomecakeforus.2.alwayswantingmoremoney,possessionsetc(對金錢、財產(chǎn)等)渴望的，貪婪的greedyforprofit/power/fame:Thecompanyhadbecometoogreedyforprofit.[常用短語]greedyforsth./tohavesth.貪心的greedytodosth.急于想做某事[詞形變換]greedn.貪婪，貪吃greedilyad.貪婪地，渴望地[典型考題]Theshareholdersare____forprofit.A.greedyB.acquisitiveC.covetousD.gluttonous[試題詳解]答案A.句意:股東們都利益熏心。A.greedy最常用詞，常含貶義，指對錢財，權(quán)利或財產(chǎn)貪得無厭。B.acquisitive此詞不帶褒貶，指獲取東西的手段可以是正當(dāng)?shù)模部梢允遣徽?dāng)?shù)模硎静坏释玫剑矣邢Ｍ軌虻玫健Ｈ纾篴nacquisitivesociety物流橫流的社會。C。covetous表示渴望得到屬于他人所有的東西。如：Povertymadehimcovetousofhiswealth.貧窮使他對別人的財富垂涎三尺。D.gluttonous著重于消費，多指對食品的貪得。grunt[]v.(grunted,grunted,grunting)1.[I,T]tomakeshortsoundsorsayafewwordsinalowroughvoice,showingthatyoudonotwanttohaveaconversation（表示不愿意講話時）發(fā)出哼聲，嘟噥著說:Itriedtocheerhimupbutheonlygrunted.2.[I]ifananimalgrunts,especiallyapig,itmakesshortlowsoundsdeepinitsthroat[猶指豬]發(fā)出咕嚕聲gruntn.1.ashortlowsoundmadedeepinyourthroatlikethesoundapigmakes呼嚕聲，嘟噥聲，嘟噥聲:Chrisjustgaveagruntandwentbacktosleep.2.[AmEslang]aninfantrysoldier[美俚]步兵[常用搭配]GorillaGrunt猩猩吼叫bandedgrunt斑鳩魚JotunGrunt尤屯大兵gruntwork：老土的bandedgrunter星雞魚headgrunt凍頭鱸魚[典型考題]WhenItoldherwhathadhappenedshejust__andturnedbacktoherbook.A.grousedB.gruntedC.gruffedD.grouted[試題詳解]答案B.句意：我告訴她出了什么事，她只是哼了一聲就有看起書來了。A.grouse埋怨，發(fā)牢騷。一般與介詞about,at連用。B.grunt(指豬)等發(fā)出呼嚕聲;發(fā)哼聲；C.gruff粗暴或生硬地說。D.grout(建筑)給……涂灰漿。haul[]v.(hauled,hauled,hauling)1.[Ialways+ad/prep,T]topullsomethingheavywithacontinuous,steadymovement托,拉:Thefishermenwerehaulingintheirnets.2.tocarrygoodsinavehicle[用車輛]運送[貨物]3.haulass[AmEslang]tohurry[美俚]趕快[詞形變換]haulagen.拖曳；運費；拖運[常用短語]haulsbup[非正式]傳訊，把……帶上法[一般用被動態(tài)]:Campbellwashauledupinfrontofthemagistrate.hauldown落下；卸下；拉下；降下hauldownone’sflag/colors投降haulsb.overthecoals(因其過失)嚴(yán)責(zé)某人haulyourselfup/outofa)提高[社會地位]，取勝:Hehauledhimselfoutoftheguterandbecametheworldheavyweightchampion.b)起來，走出:Iseeyouhavemanagedtohaulyourselfoutofbed.hauloffandhit/punchsbinfml[美，非正式]重?fù)裟橙薶auln.1.(C)alargeamountofgoodsthathasbeenstolen,orfoundbythepolice[一大批]贓物，走私物品:Policeannouncedafrugshaulworthtwobillionpounds.2.long/slowhaulsomethingthattakesalotoftimeandeffort耗時費力的事:Ithasbeenalonghaul.3.theamountoffishcaughtwhenfishingwithanet一網(wǎng)的捕魚量[常用短語]freehaul免費搬運circlehaul環(huán)形運輸doubleropehaul雙索拖拉[典型考題]Lorries___heavygoodsfromfactoriestotheports.A.pullB.tugC.haulD.yank[試題詳解]答案C.句意：大卡車把沉重的貨物從工廠運到港口。A.pull是最常用語，指從任何一個方向（上下左右）的拖或拉。B.tug指斷斷續(xù)續(xù)或快速地拖曳或用力拉。C.haul曳向任何方向，費力地拖，也可指重載的交通運輸。D.yank指突然拉動或用力猛拉。如：yankingthepicturefromthewall把畫從墻上使勁扯下來。heave[]v.(heaved/hove,heaved/hove,heaving)1.[T]topullorliftsomethingveryheavywithonegreateffort(用很大力氣)拉；舉，抬2.[T]tothrowsomethingheavyusingalotofeffort(用力)扔，拋(重物)3.[I]iftheseaorsomeone’schestheaves,itmovesupanddownwithverystrongmovements(海面或人的胸脯)起伏:Brigg’schestwasheavingwithexhaustion.4.[I]informaltovomit[非正式]嘔吐[常用短語]heavesthonto將……背到……上：Heheavedthepackupontohisback.heaveat/onsth使勁拉：Heheavedontheropewithallhisstrength.heaveto頂風(fēng)停船，頂風(fēng)漂泊：Wemustheavetotheboat,itisraininghard.heaveintosight/view逐漸進(jìn)入視線：Afewmomentslaterabargehoveintoview.heaven.1.[C]astrongpulling,pushing,orliftingmovement[猛力的]拉，推，舉:Hegavethedooragoodheave.2.[U][especiallyliterary]astrongrisingoffallingmovement[文]起伏，翻騰:thesteadyheaveofthesea[常用搭配]bottomheave底部隆起，坑底隆起apparentheave視橫斷距，視平錯hospitalityn.[U]Friendlybehaviourtowardsvisitors:好客，殷勤[近]kindness,warmth[反]inhospitality:Thanksforyourhospitalityoverthepastfewweeks.[補充意義]servicessuchasfoodanddrinkthatanorganizationprovidesforguestsataspecialevent（款待客人、顧客等的）食物，飲料，服務(wù)；款待，熱情款待:Therewasareceptioninthehospitalitysuitebeforethegame.(thehospitalitysuite=aroomorsuiteespeciallyinahotelsetasideasaplaceforsocializingespeciallyforbusinesspurposes)[常用短語]hospitalitymanagement(款待)餐飲管理專業(yè),酒店管理show/providehospitality顯示/提供熱情服務(wù)beabundantinhospitality很殷勤待客Dutchhospitality[口]參加者負(fù)責(zé)費用的聚餐(或娛樂活動)[詞形變換]hospitablea.好客的，殷勤的，易于接受的[易混辨析]hospitaln.醫(yī)院impotencen.[U]inabilitytotakeeffectiveactionbecauseyoudonothaveenoughpower,strength,orcontrol無力，無能，虛弱:Emergencyservicesseemimpotentinthefaceofsuchadisaster.impotentrage無奈的狂怒politicalimpotence政治上的無能[常用短語]reducetheenemytoimpotence使敵人喪失戰(zhàn)斗力[詞形變換]impotenta.無效的，無能的，虛弱的impotentlyad.虛弱地;陽萎地;無能為力地instrumental[]a.1.servingasameansorinfluence;helpful有幫助的,起作用的,起重要作用：HewasinstrumentalindevelopinglinkswithEuropeanorganizations.2.instrumentalmusicisforinstruments,notforvoices用樂器演奏的,器樂的Chinesetraditionalinstrumentalmusic中國民族器樂3.of,relatingto,orcharacterizedbyaninstrumentorinstruments(使用)器械的;(使用)儀器的instrumentalerror儀器誤差n.[C]apieceofmusicinwhichnovoicesareused,onlyinstruments器樂曲,樂曲中無人聲只有器樂演奏部分[常用短語]beinstrumentalin(doing)something對...重要的，有幫助的[詞形變換]instrumentallyad.有助益地;用樂器演奏地;使用器械地instrumentalistn.樂器演奏家;工具主義者;樂器家instrumentn.儀器;樂器;器具,器械;手段,工具joint[]involvingtwoormorepeopleorgroups,orownedorsharedbythem共有的，共同的，聯(lián)合的:Thetwoministershaveissuedajointstatement.Themealwasajointeffort(=twoormorepeopleworkedonittogether).n.[C]1.apartofyourbodythatcanbendbecausetwobonesmeetthere關(guān)節(jié)knee/neck/hip/elbowetcjointalargepieceofmeat,usuallycontainingabone大塊帶骨:ajointofbeef2.aplacewheretwothingsorpartsofanobjectarejoinedtogether(兩個物體或部分的)結(jié)合處，匯合處:WhatshouldIusetosealthejointbetweenacarportroofandthehousewall?v.tocutmeatintojoints把（肉）剁（切）成大塊[常用短語]outofjoint（骨頭）脫臼；（系統(tǒng)，群體）脫節(jié)，不協(xié)調(diào)Somethingisoutofjointinoursociety.putsomebody'snoseoutofjoint打亂某人的計劃，擠掉某人（使自己得寵）jointventure合資企業(yè);合營企業(yè)jointresolution（由美國國會兩院同意并經(jīng)總統(tǒng)簽署的)共同決議jointaccount兩人共有之銀行賬戶jointstock合股jointmortgage聯(lián)合抵押clipjoint索價特別高的咖啡館,夜總會;黑店jointhonours榮譽雙學(xué)位[典型考題]Thekneeisthejoint__thethighbonemeetsthelargeboneoftheloverlegA.whenC.whichB.whereD.what[試題分析]此題固定用法，答案為A.[詳細(xì)解答]膝蓋骨是大腿骨與脛骨交匯時的關(guān)節(jié)。thejointwhen...meets...這是關(guān)于關(guān)節(jié)的固定用法。[詞形變換]jointeda.有接縫的;有關(guān)節(jié)的;有節(jié)的jointlyad.共同地,聯(lián)合地;連帶地obscenea.1.relatingtosexinawaythatisshockingandoffensive淫穢的,猥褻的[近]filthy[反]decent:Bradfordmadeanobscenegesture.extremelyunfair,immoral,orunpleasant,especiallyinawaythatmakesyouangry傷風(fēng)敗俗的，令人震怒的，使人震驚的:Someplayersearnobsceneamountsofmoney.[常用短語]obscenephonecalls（來自陌生人的）下流電話obscenepublications淫穢出版物[詞形變換]obscenelyad.下流地，淫穢地obscenityn.穢話，穢行onslaught['?nsl?:t]n1.[C]averystrongattackagainstsomeoneorsomething猛攻，猛擊，攻擊：HewasconfidenthisarmiescouldwithstandtheAlliedonslaught.2.[+on]anonslaughtontheirwholecultureandwayoflife.overweight['?uv?weit,'?uv?'weit,,?uv?'weit]adj.1.someonewhoisoverweightistooheavyandfat.[人]體重超常的，肥胖的:Sallywasthreestoneoverweight.2.somethingsuchaspackagethatisoverweightweighsmorethanitissupposedtoweigh[包裹等]超重的:Myluggagewasoverweightbyfivekilos.pant[p?nt]v1.[I]tobreathequicklywithshortnoisybreathsbecauseitisveryhot[累得或熱得]氣喘，喘息:Hewaspantingafterhisexertions.2.[T]tosaysomethingwhilepanting喘著氣說:“Ican’trunanyfarther.”shepanted.[常用短語]Pantforsthphr.v[]towantsomethingverymuch渴望……，迫切想要……:Hewaspantingforachancetospeak.Pantalong/down氣喘吁吁的跑或走:Thedogpantedalongtheroadbesideme.Pantout氣喘吁吁地說出某事:Hepantedoutthemessageandthencollapsed.partial['pɑ:??l]adj.1.notcomplete部分的，不完全的：apartialsuccess部分成功|Thepatientmayonlymakeapartialrecovery.2.bepartialtosthformaltolikesomethingverymuch【正式】特別喜歡[偏愛]某物：I’mverypartialtocreamcakes.3.unfairlysupportingonepersonoronesideagainstanother偏向一方的，偏袒的，不公平的[典型考題]Jackyhasalwaysbeen__toblue-eyedgirls.partB.particularC.partialD.parted[試題分析]此題測試詞語用法。[試題詳解]典型考題答案C。句意：杰克一向偏好藍(lán)眼睛的女孩。Part部分；particular特別的；parted分開的[詞形變換]Partialityn偏袒，不公平，對某某特別喜愛Partiallyadv不公平地，偏袒地，不完全地，部分地personality[,p?:s?'n?l?ti]n1.[C,U]someone’scharacter,especiallytheybehavetowardsotherpeople個性；性格：Iainhasaverydynamicpersonality.|Personalityclash（=whentwopeoplefinditimpossibletoworkinafriendlyway）性格沖突2.[U]thequalitiesthatmakesomeoneinteresting,friendlyandenjoyabletobewith.[使某人有趣，友好，受人喜愛的]品質(zhì)；個性：Thebosslikespeoplewithpersonality.3.[C]someonewhoiswellknowntothepublic,becausetheyarealwaysinthenewspapers,inthetelevisionetc[因常出現(xiàn)在報紙，電視等上而知名的]名人：aTVpersonality電視名人|asportspersonality體育名人4.personalities[plural]BrEold-fashionedunkindorruderemarksaboutsomeone’sappearance,characteretc【英，過時】人身攻擊，誹謗：Let’skeeppersonalitiesoutoftheconversation,shallwe!5.[Cusuallysingular一般用單數(shù)]thequalitieswhichmakesaplaceorthingspecial[地方或事物的]特色：It’spartlythearchitecturewhichgivesthetownitspersonality.[典型考題]Hehasastrang__whichrepelsmanypeople.A.matureB.ambitionC.personalityD.charm[試題分析]此題測試詞語用法。[試題詳解]典型考題答案C.句意：他生性怪癖，惹人討厭。Nature天性；ambition野心，抱負(fù)；charm魅力[常用短語]personalitycult個人崇拜[詞形變換]Personaladj.個人的，私人的，本人的，親自的，身體的，容貌的pinion[]v.[Talways+ad./prep.]toholdortiesomeone'sarmsorlegsverytightly,sothattheycannotmovefreely.緊緊捆住（手臂或腿）Herarmswerepinionedtightlybehindher.她的胳膊被緊緊地反綁在背后。[補充意義]：1.v.[Tusuallypassive(一般用被動態(tài))]Technicaltocutoffthebigstrongfeathersfromabird’swingssothatitcannotfly[術(shù)語]剪去鳥的羽毛(使不能飛)2.n.[C]asmallwheel,withteethonitsouteredge,thatfitsintoalargerwheelandturnsitoristurnedbyit小齒輪:threwthemachine'spinionoutofgear使機器的小齒輪脫開嚙合3.n.[C]literaryabird’swing[文學(xué)]鳥的翅膀，翼4.n.[C]technicaltheouterpartofabird’swing,wherethestrongestflyingfeather’sgrow[術(shù)語]鳥的翼梢，翼尖，前翼pork[]n.[U]themeatfrompigs豬肉Cookthebeanswithapieceofsaltpork.把豆子和一片咸豬肉一起煮。[補充意義][Americanslang]governmentmoneyspentinaparticularareainordertogetpoliticaladvantages—usedtoshowdisapproval[美俚]政治恩惠（為獲得政治上的好處而撥給某一地區(qū)的政府資金）[常用短語]porkbarrel政治撥款，政治分肥porkchops豬排[詞形變換]porkern.(宰殺前經(jīng)過催肥的)使用小豬；informal肥豬（稱呼肥胖者的侮辱性用語）；[俚語]謊言prop[]v.(propped,propping)[Talways+ad./prep.]tosupportsomethingbyleaningitagainstsomething,orbyputtingsomethingelseunder,nextto,orbehindit把…靠在…上，支住，支撐：Givemesomethingtopropthedooropen.[常用短語]propupv.[T]1.支撐，撐住(某物)Thebuildersaretryingtopropupthecrumblingwallsofthechurch.2.(在財政上或軍事上)支持某政府，維持Thegovernmentintroducedmeasurestopropupthestockponeselfupon/against/with靠著某物站直(坐直)Sheproppedherselfupononepsomethingagainst/on靠著Heproppedhisbikeagainstatree.他把他的自行車靠在一棵樹上。[補充意義]propn.[C]1.anobjectplacedunderoragainstsomethingtoholditinaparticularposition支柱,支撐物2.asmallobjectsuchasabook,weaponetc,usedbyactorsinaplayorfilm.（戲劇或電影中演員使用的）小道具3.支器，支架;（非正式）螺旋槳，推進(jìn)器4.somethingorsomeonethathelpsyoutofeelstrong支持者,后盾,靠山Thebighouseandthecarwereallpropstohisego.raid[]n.[C]anattackbycriminalsonabankorsimilarplace對銀行等處的搶劫，打劫:Armedrobberscarriedoutaraidonthelocalbanklastweek.[補充意義]1.n.[C](+on)ashortattackonaplacebysoldiers,planes,orships,intendedtocausedamagebutnottakecontrol突襲，襲擊:abombingraidontherailwayline對鐵路線進(jìn)行的轟炸空襲2.n.[C]technicalanattemptbyacompanytobuyenoughsharesinanothercompanytotakecontrolofit[術(shù)語]大量購買另一家公司的股票以獲得其控制權(quán)的企圖。3.n.[C]asuddenvisitbythepolicesearchingforsomethingillegal警察進(jìn)行的突襲檢查4.v.[T]tomakeasuddenarmedattackonaplace武裝突襲5.v.[T]totakeorstealalotofthingsfromaplace搶劫，洗劫sheraidedhiscash-box..[常用短語]makearaidon對…進(jìn)行襲擊，對…進(jìn)行突然搜查carryout/launch/makearaid發(fā)動襲擊,搶劫airraid空襲araidingparty襲擊隊raidthelarder/refrigerator[幽默](因饑餓而)掃蕩食物櫥/冰箱[典型考題]Animal–rightsactivistsgetinand__thelaboratories.A.breakB.raidC.destroyD.spoil[試題詳解]答案選B.題意為：保護(hù)動物權(quán)利的積極分子闖進(jìn)來，破壞了實驗室。raid意為搗亂，破壞A.break意為弄壞，摔壞，使破裂。C.destroy意為打破，破滅，常用來比喻希望、計劃等的破滅。D.spoil指因“損壞，糟蹋”而徹底毀壞某物的價值或用途。reserven.1.[C](+of)anamountofsomethingkeptforfutureuse,especiallyfordifficultordangeroussituations貯藏物,儲備:reservesoffood食物的儲備2.[U]aqualityinsomeone'scharacterthatmakesthemnotlikeexpressingtheiremotionsortalkingabouttheirproblems矜持，寡言Hischaracteristicanddetachmentandreservemadeitdifficulttoguesshisthought.3.[C]anextraplayerwhoplaysinateamifoneoftheotherplayersisinjuredorill替補隊員，后備隊員4.[C]apricebelowwhichsomethingwillnotbesold,especiallyinanauction(尤指拍賣時的)低價5.[U]anextramilitaryforcethatacountryhasinadditiontoitsusualarmy,navyetc后備軍，后備部隊[補充意義]reservev.[T](reserved,reserving)1.toarrangeforaplaceinahotel,restaurant,planetobekeptforyou預(yù)定Doyouhavetoreserveticketsinadvance?2.tokeepsomethingsothatitcanbeusedbyaparticularpersonorforaparticularpurpose保留3.touseorshowsomethingonlyinoneparticularsituation把…留作，用于（特定場合）[常用短語]reservesomethingforsomebody為某人保留reservesomethingfordoingsomething把…留作reservetherighttodosomething保留做某事的權(quán)利（尤指通知或官方文件）inreserve儲存?zhèn)溆脀ithoutreserve毫無保留的[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]reservationn.房間，座位等的)預(yù)定；存疑；保留地，居留地;野生動物）保護(hù)區(qū)makeareservation預(yù)定havereservationsabout對…表有疑問reserveda.沉默寡言的；含蓄的；矜持的；保留的；預(yù)定的allrightsreserved版權(quán)所有，不得翻版reservistn.后備役軍人[典型考題]Whenhetriedtomakea__,hefoundthatthehotelhewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.A.complaintB.claimC.reservationD.decision[試題詳解]答案選C.題意為：當(dāng)他試圖預(yù)定房間時，發(fā)現(xiàn)那個旅店因為有一個會議已經(jīng)客滿了。reservation意為（旅館房間，劇院座位等的）預(yù)定A.complaint意為”抱怨，投訴”B.claim意為”要求，認(rèn)領(lǐng)”D.decision意為”決定”.Rib[]1.n[C]oneofthe12pairsofcurvedbonesthatsurroundyourchest肋骨:Hebrokearibintheaccident.2.n[C]apieceofmeatthatincludesananimals'rib（動物的）肋肉（條）：barbecuedribs烤肋條3.n[C]acurvedpieceofwood,metaletcthatisusedaspartofthestructureofsomethingsuchasaboatorbuilding（木制或金屬制的）肋條，肋材：Alotofribsweremissinglastnight.4.v[T]（ribbed,ribbed,ribbing）informaltomakejokesandlaughatsomeonesothatyouembarrassthem,butinafriendlyway[非正式]（友善地）開···的玩笑，拿···開玩笑：Tony'salwaysribbingmeaboutmyaccent.Rum[]1.n[C,U]astrongalcoholicdrinkmadefromsugar,oraglassofthisdrink朗姆酒（一種有糖制成的烈酒）；一杯朗姆酒2.a.old-fashionedunusualorstrange[過時]古怪的，離奇的[常用短語]arumgo離奇的情況arumcustomer怪家伙（尤指不好惹的人或動物）[詞形變換]：rumlyad.離奇地Sarcastic[s;]a.sayingsomethingthatareoppositeofwhatyoumeaninordertomakeanunkindjokeortoshowthatyouareannoyed（說話）挖苦的，嘲諷的：Shehasasarcastictongue.她喜歡挖苦人.asarcasticremark嘲諷的話[詞義辨析]：Sardonic[;]a.speakingorsmilinginanunpleasantway,thatshowsyoudonothaveagoodopinionofsomeoneorsomething（說話，表情等）嘲諷的，譏諷的：Brettraisedasardoniceyebrow.Ironic[;]a.（又作ironical）1.usingwordsthataretheoppositeofwhatyoureallymean,especiallyinajokingway,ortoshowthatyouareannoyed（尤指出于開玩笑或表示不快）具有諷刺意味的，諷刺的：Astherainlasheddown,mymother'soneironiccommentwas:“Anidealdayforawedding.”2.anironicsituationisoneinwhichsomethingstrangeandunexpectedhappens,especiallyinawaythatseemsamusing（情況）有諷刺意味的，出乎意料的（尤指令人啼笑皆非的）：Yourcarwasstolenatthepolicestation!Howironic!2.inanironicway用諷刺的方式[詞形變換]：Sarcasticallyad..諷刺地Scrap[]n1.[C]asmallpieceofpaper,clothetc小片,小塊;碎屑[+of]：Hewrotehisaddressonascrapofpaperandgaveittome.2.[U]materialsorobjectsthatarenolongerusedforthepurposetheyweremadefor,butcanbeusedagaininanotherway廢棄材料，廢品：Thecarwaseventuallysoldforscrap.scrapmetal廢舊金屬3.[plural]piecesoffoodthatareleftafteryouhavefinishedeating吃剩的東西：Theyfedthedogonscraps.4.[C]asmallpieceofinformation,truthetc（消息，事實等的）一點點，點滴[+of]:Therewasn'tasinglescrapofevidencetoconnecthimwiththemurder.[常用短語]：scrapofnews零星的消息notmakeascrapofdifference:informaltonotchangeasituationatall[非正式]（對情況）沒有影響，毫無作用