第三節(jié)Jointsoflimbs

附肢骨的連結(jié)DepartmentofAnatomyYunyangmedicalcollege

教學(xué)目的與要求1.掌握肩關(guān)節(jié)的構(gòu)成、特點及運動。2.掌握肘關(guān)節(jié)的組成及運動，腕關(guān)節(jié)的形態(tài)及構(gòu)成。3.掌握髖骨與脊柱間的韌帶連結(jié)，骨盆的組成與分部。4.掌握髖關(guān)節(jié)、膝關(guān)節(jié)和踝關(guān)節(jié)的形態(tài)、特點及運動。5.了解胸鎖關(guān)節(jié)、肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)、骶髂關(guān)節(jié)的組成，足弓的構(gòu)成及功能。TheGeneralDescription

Owingtotheerectstandingofhumanbeing,theupperlimbhasbeenfreedandmoremovablefromweightbearingandbecomealaboringorgan.Thejointsoftheupperlimbarechieflyforthemobilityinaction,whereasthejointsofthelowerlimbareforthestability.Ⅰ.Jointsofupperlimb

Ⅰ)Jointsofshouldergirdle

1.Sternoclavicularjoint胸鎖關(guān)節(jié)*Composition:clavicularnotchofsternum,andthefirstcostalcartilage,sternalendofclavicle.

*Feature:

Articularcapsule:strong

*Movements(polyaxialjoint)

2.Acromioclavicularjoint肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)

(planejoint)3.Coracoacromialligament喙肩韌帶Coracoclavicularlig.喙鎖韌帶Ⅱ)Jointsoffreeupperlimb1.Shoulderjoint肩關(guān)節(jié)

(ball-and-socket)*Composition:headofhumerusandglenoidcavityofscapula*Feature:

Articularsurface:

Capsule:Thinandlax

Attachments:

Glenoidlabrum盂唇:Coracohumeralligament喙肱韌帶*Movements:flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,medialandlateralrotation,circumduction頭大盂小囊松薄最易發(fā)生前下脫2.

Elbowjoint肘關(guān)節(jié)(compoundjoint)*Composition:lowerendofhumerus,upperendsofradiusandulna1.Humeroulnarjoint肱尺關(guān)節(jié)2.Humeroradialjoint肱橈關(guān)節(jié)3.Proximalradioulnarjoint橈尺近側(cè)關(guān)節(jié)*Feature:Articularsurface:compoundjoint

Capsule:thinandlaxanteriorlyandposteriorly.

Ligaments:1.Radialcollacteralligament橈側(cè)副韌帶:2.

Ulnarcollacteralligament尺側(cè)副韌帶:3.

Annularligamentofradius橈骨環(huán)狀韌帶:*Movements:flexionandextension,pronationandsupinationDislocation3.Jointsbetweenradiusandulnar

Proximalradioulnarjoint

橈尺近側(cè)關(guān)節(jié)Distalradioulnarjoint橈尺遠(yuǎn)側(cè)關(guān)節(jié)

Interosseousmembraneofforearm前臂骨間膜4.Jointsofhand1)

Radiocarpaljoint橈腕關(guān)節(jié)(wristjoint)*Composition

CarpalarticularsurfaceofradiusandarticulardiscProximalrowofcarpalbutnotpisiform*Feature:Articularsurface:ellipsoidjoint

Capsule:laxandstrengthenedbysurroundingligaments

*Movements:(biaxialjoint)2)Carpometacarpaljoints:★Carpometacarpaljointofthumb拇指腕掌關(guān)節(jié)*Composition:trapeziumandbaseofthefirstmetacarpal*Feature:saddlejoint*Movement:flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,andopposition3)Theothers:自學(xué)

Ⅱ.JointsofLowerlimb

Ⅰ)Jointsofpelvicgirdle

1.Sacroiliacjoint

骶髂關(guān)節(jié)

*Composition:auricularsurfaceofsacrumandilium

*Feature:Capsule:verytightandstrengthenedbyligaments2.Vertebropelvicligaments

1)Iliolumballigament髂腰韌帶:2)

Sacrotuberousligament

骶結(jié)節(jié)韌帶

3)

Sacrospinousligament

骶棘韌帶

Thesetwoligamentsconvertthesciaticnotchesthegreaterandlesser

sciaticforamen

坐骨大、小孔3.Pubicsymphysis恥骨聯(lián)合4.Obturatormembrane

閉孔膜

obturatorcanal

閉膜管5.Bonypelvis骨盆1)Composition:formedbypairedhipbones,sacrum,coccyx,andtheirarticulations2)Terminalline界線:formedbypromontoryofsacrum,arcuateline,pectenpubis,pubictubercle,upperborderofpubicsymphysis.3)Twoportions:*Greaterpelvis*Lesserpelvis4)Lesserpelvis小骨盆(1)pelvicinlet

骨盆上口(terminalline):(2)Pelvicoutlet

骨盆下口:formedbytipofcoccyx,sacrotuberousligament,ischialtuberosity,ramusofischium,inferiorramusofpubic,symphysis(3)Pelviccavity(4)Pubicarch,subpubicangleⅡ)Jointsoffreelowerlimb1.Hipjoint髖關(guān)節(jié)*Composition:

acetabulumandfemoralhead*Feature:(1)Articularcapsule

Strengthenedandthick

attachments

(2)Acetabulumlabrum

髖臼唇

(3)transverseacetabular

ligament髖臼橫韌帶

(4)Ligamentofheadoffemur股骨頭韌帶LigamentofheadoffemurAcetabulumlabrumTransverseacetebularlig.Ischiofemorallig.Zonaorbicularis(5)Iliofemorallig.髂股韌帶(6)Pubofemorallig.恥股韌帶(7)Ischiofemoralligament

坐股韌帶