ArocaCitycurrentlyfundsitspublicschoolsthroughtaxesonproperty.Inplaceofthissystem,thecityplanstointroduceasalestaxofthreepercentonallretailsalesinthecity.Criticsprotestthatthreepercentofcurrentretailsalesfallsshortoftheamountraisedforschoolsbypropertytaxes.Thecriticsarecorrectonthispoint.Nevertheless,implementingtheplanwillprobablynotreducethemoneygoingtoAroca'sschools.SeverallargeretailershaveselectedArocaCityasthesiteforhugenewstores,andthesearecertaintodrawlargenumbersofshoppersfromneighboringmunicipalities,wheresalesaretaxedatratesofsixpercentandmore.Inconsequence,retailsalesinArocaCityareboundtoincreasesubstantially.

Intheargumentgiven,thetwopotionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

AThefirstisanobjectionthathasbeenraisedagainstacertainplan;thesecondisapredictionthat,ifaccurate,underminestheforceofthatobjection.

BThefirstisacriticism,endorsedbytheargument,ofafundingplan;thesecondisapointtheargumentmakesinfavorofadoptinganalternativeplan.

CThefirstisacriticism,endorsedbytheargument,ofafundingplan;thesecondisthemainreasoncitedbytheargumentforitsendorsementofthecriticism.

DThefirstisaclaimthattheargumentseekstorefute;thesecondisthemainpointusedbytheargumenttoshowthattheclaimisfalse.

EThefirstisaclaimthattheargumentacceptswithcertainreservations;thesecondpresentsthatclaiminarewardingthatisnotsubjecttothosereservations.

Theviolentcrimerate(numberofviolentcrimesper1,000residents)inMeadowbrookis60percenthighernowthanitwasfouryearsago.ThecorrespondingincreaseforParkdaleisonly10percent.ThesefiguressupporttheconclusionthatresidentsofMeadowbrookaremorelikelytobecomevictimsofviolentcrimethanareresidentsofParkdale.

Theargumentaboveisflawedbecauseitfailstotakeintoaccount

邏輯鏈分析：

AchangesinthepopulationdensityofbothParkdaleandMeadowbrookoverthepastfouryears

BhowtherateofpopulationgrowthinMeadowbrookoverthepastfouryearscomparestothecorrespondingrateforParkdale

CtheratioofviolenttononviolentcrimescommittedduringthepastfouryearsinMeadowbrookandParkdale

DtheviolentcrimeratesinMeadowbrookandParkdalefouryearsago

EhowMeadowbrook'sexpendituresforcrimepreventionoverthepastfouryearscomparetoParkdale'sexpenditures

TheOLEXPetroleumCompanyhasrecentlydeterminedthatitcouldcutitsrefiningcostsbyclosingitsGrenvillerefineryandconsolidatingallrefiningatitsTasbergrefinery.ClosingtheGrenvillerefinery,however,wouldmeantheimmediatelossofabout1,200jobsintheGrenvillearea.Eventuallythelivesofmorethan10,000peoplewouldbeseriouslydisrupted.Therefore,OLEX'sdecision,announcedyesterday,tokeepGrenvilleopenshowsthatatOLEXsocialconcernssometimesoutweighthedesireforhigherprofits.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminestheargumentgiven?

邏輯鏈分析：

ATheGrenvillerefinery,althoughitoperatesatahighercostthantheTasbergrefinery,hasneverthelessbeenmoderatelyprofitableformanyyears.

BEventhoughOLEXcouldconsolidateallitsrefiningattheTasbergplant,doingsoattheGrenvilleplantwouldnotbefeasible.

CTheTasbergrefineryismorefavorablysituatedthantheGrenvillerefinerywithrespecttothemajorsupplyroutesforrawpetroleum.

DIftheGrenvillerefinerywereeverclosedandoperationsattheTasbergrefineryexpanded,jobopeningsatTasbergwouldtotheextentpossiblebefilledwithpeopleformerlyemployedatGrenville.

EClosureoftheGrenvillerefinerywouldmeancompliance,atenormouscost,withdemandinglocalcodesregulatingthecleanupofabandonedindustrialsites.

InBerinia,theageatwhichpeoplecouldbegintodrinkalcohollegallyusedtobe18.In1990,inanattempttoreducealcoholconsumptionandtherebytoreducealcohol-relatedtrafficdeathsamongBeriniansunder21,thelegaldrinkingagewasraisedto21.Alcohol-relatedtrafficdeathsamongpeopleunder21havedecreasedsignificantlysince1990.Nevertheless,surveysshowthatpeopleinthatage-groupdrinkjustasmuchalcoholastheydidbefore1990.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrueofBerinia,mosthelpstoresolvetheapparentdiscrepancy?

邏輯鏈分析：

AForthepopulationasawhole,annualalcoholconsumptionisnolowernowthanitwasin1990.

BAlcoholconsumptionawayfromhome,forexampleinbarsandrestaurants,ismuchloweramongpeopleunder21thanitwasin1990.

CTheproportionofpeopleunder21whoownacarishighernowthanitwasin1990.

DAlcoholconsumptionisloweramongpeopleunder21thanamongadultsinmostotherage-groups.

EAlcohol-relatedtrafficdeathsamongpeopleover21haveincreasedslightlysince1990.

Deltaproducts,Inc.,hasrecentlyswitchedatleastpartlyfromoldertechnologiesusingfossilfuelstonewtechnologiespoweredbyelectricity.Thequestionhasbeenraisedwhetheritcanbeconcludedthatforagivenlevelofoutput,Delta'soperationnowcauseslessfossilfueltobeconsumedthanitdidformerly.Theanswer,clearly,isyes,sincetheamountoffossilfuelusedtogeneratetheelectricityneededtopowerthenewtechnologiesislessthantheamountneededtopowertheoldertechnologies,providedthatthelevelofoutputisheldconstant.

Intheargumentgiven,thetwoboldfaceportionsplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

AThefirstidentifiesthecontentoftheconclusionoftheargument;thesecondprovidessupportforthatconclusion

BThefirstprovidessupportfortheconclusionoftheargument;thesecondidentifiesthecontentofthatconclusion

CThefirststatesthepositionthattheargumentopposes;thesecondstatestheconclusionoftheargument

DEachprovidesevidencethatcallstheconclusionoftheargumentintoquestion.

EEachprovidessupportfortheconclusionoftheargument

InKravonia,theaveragesalaryforjobsrequiringacollegedegreehasalwaysbeenhigherthantheaveragesalaryforjobsthatdonotrequireadegree.Overthelastfewyears,thenumberofKravoniansenrolledincollegehasbeengrowingsteadily.Therefore,thenumberofKravoniansenteringthejobmarketwhohaveatleastthequalificationofacollegedegreewilleventuallybesignificantlyhigherthanithasbeenoverthelastfewyears.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?

邏輯鏈分析：

AKravonianswithmorethanonecollegedegreeearnlittlemore,onaverage,thandoKravonianswithonlyonecollegedegree.

BTheaveragenumberofyearsKravoniancollegestudentsremainenrolledbeforecompletingadegreehasbeenincreasingoverthepastseveralyears.

CDespitetheincreaseinthenumberofKravoniansattendingcollege,thepercentageofthepopulationattendingcollegeislowerinKravoniathaninmostothercountries.

DInrecentyears,employershavebeenrequiringcollegedegreesforworkersinjobsthatwerepreviouslyperformedsuccessfullybyKravonianswhodidnothavecollegedegrees.

EFormanyyears,employersinKravoniahavehaddifficultyfindingenoughcollegegraduatestofillthehigh-payingjobsthatwereavailable.

Inonestate,allcitiesandmosttownshaveantismokingordinances.Apetitionentitled"PetitionforStatewideSmokingRestriction"isbeingcirculatedtovotersbycampaignworkerswhoaskonly,"Doyouwanttosignapetitionforstatewidesmokingrestriction?"Thepetitionadvocatesastatelawbanningsmokinginmostretailestablishmentsandingovernmentofficesthatareopentothepublic.

Whichofthefollowingcircumstanceswouldmakethepetitionascirculatedmisleadingtovoterswhounderstandtheproposalasextendingthelocalordinancesstatewide?

邏輯鏈分析：

AHealthcostsassociatedwithsmokingcausehealthinsurancepremiumstoriseforeveryoneandsoaffectnonsmokers.

BInruralareasofthestate,therearerelativelyfewretailestablishmentsandgovernmentofficesthatareopentothepublic.

CThestatelawwouldsupersedethelocalantismokingordinances,whichcontainstrongerbansthanthestatelawdoes.

DThereisconsiderablesentimentamongvotersinmostareasofthestateforrestrictionofsmoking.

EThestatelawwouldnotaffectexistinglocalordinancesbanningsmokinginplaceswherethefireauthoritieshavedeterminedthatsmokingwouldconstituteafirehazard.

FishcurrentlycostsaboutthesameatseafoodstoresthroughoutEastvilleanditssurroundingsuburbs.Seafoodstoresbuyfishfromthesamewholesalersandatthesameprices,andotherbusinessexpenseshavealsobeenaboutthesame.Butnewtaxbreakswillsubstantiallylowerthecostofdoingbusinesswithinthecity.Therefore,inthefuture,profitmarginswillbehigheratseafoodstoreswithinthecitythanatsuburbanseafoodstores.

Forthepurposesofevaluatingtheargument,itwouldbemostusefultoknowwhether

邏輯鏈分析：

AMorefishwholesalersarelocatedwithinthecitythaninthesurroundingsuburbs

BAnypeoplewhocurrentlyownseafoodstoresinthesuburbssurroundingEastvillewillrelocatetheirbusinessesnearertothecity

CThewholesalepriceoffishislikelytofallinthefuture

DFishhasalwayscostaboutthesameatseafoodstoresthroughoutEastvilleanditssurroundingsuburbs

ESeafoodstoreswithinthecitywillinthefuturesetpricesthatarelowerthanthoseatsuburbanseafoodstores

Kernlandimposesahightariffontheexportofunprocessedcashewnutsinordertoensurethatthenutsaresoldtodomesticprocessingplants.Ifthetariffwereliftedandunprocessedcashewsweresoldatworldmarketprices,morefarmerscouldprofitbygrowingcashews.However,sincealltheprocessingplantsareinurbanareas,removingthetariffwouldseriouslyhamperthegovernment'sefforttoreduceurbanunemploymentoverthenextfiveyears.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?

邏輯鏈分析：

ASomeoftheby-productsofprocessingcashewsareusedformanufacturingpaintsandplastics.

BOthercountriesinwhichcashewsareprocessedsubsidizetheirprocessingplants.

CMorepeopleinKernlandareengagedinfarmingcashewsthaninprocessingthem.

DBuyingunprocessedcashewsatlowerthanworldmarketpricesenablescashewprocessorsinKernlandtosellprocessednutsatcompetitiveprices.

EAlackofprofitablecropsisdrivinganincreasingnumberofsmallfarmersinKernlandofftheirlandandintothecities.

BusinessConsultant:Somecorporationsshuntheuseofexecutivetitlesbecausetheyfearthattheuseoftitlesindicatingpositioninthecorporationtendstoinhibitcommunicationupanddownthecorporatehierarchy.Sinceanexecutivewhousesatitleistreatedwithmorerespectbyoutsiders,however,useofatitlecanfacilitateanexecutive'sdealingswithexternalbusinesses.Clearl