TESTFORENGLISHMAJORSTESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2023)-GRADEFOUR-TIMELIMIT:130MINPARTIDICTATION[15MIN]Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbereadatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings,thepassagewillbereadsentencebysentence,orphrasebyphrase,withintervalsof15seconds.Thelastreadingwillbereadatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork.Youwillthenbegiven2minutestocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.PleasewritethewholepassageonANSWERSHEETONE.PARTIILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION[15MIN]InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingonceonly.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyouranswersheet.SECTIONACONVERSATIONSInthissectionyouwillhearseveralconversations.Listentotheconversationscarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions1to3arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentotheconversation.1.Accordingtotheconversation,MrJohnsonisNOTverystronginA.history. B.geography. C.mathematics. D.art.2.MrJohnsonthinksthat_______canhelphimalotinthejob.A.logic B.writing C.history D.mathematics3.MrJohnsonwouldliketoworkasa(n)A.adviser. B.computerprogrammer.C.productdesigner.D.schoolteacher.Questions4to7arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentotheconversation.4.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheresearch?A.Tomakepreparationsforanewpublication. B.Tolearnhowcouplesspendtheirweekends.C.Toknowhowhouseworkisshared. D.Toinvestigatewhatpeopledoattheweekend.5.WhatdoesthemandoonFridays?A.Hegoestoexerciseclasses. B.Hegoessailing.C.Hegoestothecinema. D.Hestaysathome.6.Onwhichdaydoesthecouplealwaysgoout?A.Friday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday. D.Anyweekday.7.Whichpersonaldetaildoesthemangive?A.Surname. B.Firstname. C.Address. D.Age.Questions8to10arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentotheconversation.8.ParcelExpressneedsthefollowingdetailsaboutthesenderEXCEPTA.name. B.address. C.receipt. D.phonenumber.9.ParcelsmustbeleftopenmainlyforA.customs’check. B.securitycheck.C.convenience’ssake. D.thecompany’ssake.10.Thewoman’slastinquiryismainlyconcernedwithA.thetimeneededforsendingtheparcel. B.theflighttimetoNewYork.C.theparceldestination. D.parcelcollection.SECTIONBPASSAGESInthissection,youwillhearseveralpassages.Listentothepassagescarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassage,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothepassage.11.WhereisthetraintoNanjingnowstanding?A.AtPlatform7. B.AtPlatform8. C.AtPlatform9. D.AtPlatform13.12.Whichtrainwillnowleaveat11:35?A.ThetraintoJinnan. B.ThetraintoZhengzhou.C.ThetraintoTianjin. D.ThetraintoHangzhou.13.Whichtrainhasnowbeencancelled?A.ThetraintoJinnan. B.ThetraintoZhengzhou.C.ThetraintoTianjin. D.ThetraintoHangzhou.Questions14to17arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassage,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothepassage.14.ThemuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthoseA.whodiedinwars. B.whoworkedtohelpvictims.C.wholosttheirfamiliesindisasters. D.whofoughtinwars.15.HenryDurantputforwardtheideabecauseheA.hadoncefoughtinawarinItaly. B.hadbeenwoundedinawar.C.hadassistedintreatingthewounded. D.hadseenthecasualtiesandcrueltiesofwar.16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesymbolsisINCORRECT?A.Bothareusedastheorganization’sofficialsymbols.B.Bothareusedregardlessofreligioussignificance.C.Theredcrosswastheorganization’soriginalsymbol.D.Theredcrescentwaslateradoptedforuseincertainregions.17.Howshouldcheerleadingbeviewedaccordingtothepassage?A.Itisjustalotofcheering. B.Itmainlyinvolvesyelling.C.Itmainlyinvolvesdancing. D.Itiscompetitiveinnature.Questions18to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassage,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothepassage.18.Howdothecheerleadersperformtheirjobs?A.Theysetfireworksfortheirteam. B.Theyputonathleticshows.C.Theyrunaroundthespectators. D.Theyyellforpeopletobuydrinks.19.Whydothecheerleaderssometimessufferphysicalinjuries?A.Becausetheytrydangerousactstocatchpeople’sattention.B.Becausetheyshoutandyellsotheirvoicebecomeshoarse.C.Becausetheygotothepyramidandthehillstoperform.D.Becausetheydancetoomucheverydayforpractice.20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.ThefirstcheerleaderswasamannamedJohnCampbell.B.Cheerleaders’contestsareonlyheldatthestatelevel.C.Before1930therewerenowomencheerleaders.D.Thefirstcheerleadingoccurredin1898.SECTIONCNEWSBROAOCASTQuestions21to22arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.21.Howmanyoftheemigrantsdiedafterbeingthrownintothesea?A.15ofthem. B.3ofthem. C.100ofthem. D.Dozensofthem.22.TheillegalemigrantscamefromA.Italy. B.Africa. C.theMediterraneanregion. D.placesunknown.Question23isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven5secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.23.Whatdoesthenewsitemmainlyreport?A.Chinawillsendthreepeopleintospaceinaweek.B.ThreeChineseastronautswillspendaweekinspace.C.TheShenzhouVIwillbelaunchednextyear.D.ShenzhouVcircledtheearthfortwodays.Questions24and25arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.24.WhichofthefollowinghadNOTbeenaffectedbythewildfires?A.Houses. B.Land. C.Skies. D.Cars.25.ThefireswerethoughttohavebeenstartedA.purposefully. B.accidentally. C.ontheMexicanborder. D.insouthernCalifornia.Questions26to28arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.26.________rankssecondamongleadingtourismnations.A.France B.TheUnitedStates C.Spain D.Italy27.Itispredictedthatby2023Chinawillreceive_________visitors.A.77million B.130million C.36.8million D.100million28.AccordingtoaXinhuareport,lastyearsawa_________percentincreaseinthenumberofChinesetravelingabroad.A.16.6 B.30 C.100 Question29and30arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.29.WhatwouldhappentotheArgentineofficers?A.TheywouldbearrestedbySpanishauthorities.B.TheywouldbetriedinanArgentinecourt.C.TheywouldbesenttoSpainfortrial.D.Theywouldbetorturedormurdered.30.WhataccusationwouldtheArgentineofficersface?A.Violationofhumanrights.B.Involvementinillegalactions.C.Planninganti-governmentactivities.D.Beingpartofthemilitaryrule.PARTIIICLOZE[15MIN.]Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.Markthebestchoiceforeachblankonyouranswersheet.Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomhespendshistime.Dependingonpersonality,mosthaveinminda(n)“(31)______home”.Butingeneral,andespeciallyforthestudentornewwageearners,therearepractical(32)________ofcashandlocationonachievingthatidea.Cash(33)________,infact,oftenmeansthattheonlywayof(34)_________whenyouleaveschoolistostayathomeforawhileuntilthings(35)_________financially.Thereareobvious(36)________oflivingathome—personallaundryisusually(37)_________donealongwiththefamilywash;mealsareprovidedandtherewillbeawell-establishedcircleoffriendsto(38)_________.Andthereis(39)_________theresponsibilityforpayingbills,rates,etc.Ontheotherhand,(40)_________dependsonhowafamilygetson.Doyourparentslikeyourfriends?Youmayloveyourfamily—(41)_________doyoulikethem?Areyoupreparedtobe(42)__________whenyourparentsaskwhereyouaregoingintheeveningandwhattimeyouexpecttobeback?Ifyoufindthatyoucannotmanagea(n)(43)_________,andthatyoufinallyhavethemoneytoleave,howdoyou(44)_________findingsomewhereelsetolive?Ifyouplantostayinyourhomearea,thepossibilitiesare(45)_________well-knowntoyoualready.Friendsandthelocalpaperarealways(46)_________.Ifyouaregoingtoworkina(47)_________area,againtherearethepapers—andtheaccommodationagencies,(48)_________theseshouldbeapproachedwith(49)_________.Agenciesareallowedtochargeafee,usuallythe(50)________ofthefirstweek’srent,ifyoutakeaccommodationtheyhavefoundforyou.31.A.ideal B.perfect C.imaginary D.satisfactory32.A.deficiencies B.weaknesses C.insufficiencies D.limitations33.A.cut B.shortage C.lack D.drain34.A.gettingover B.gettingin C.gettingback D.gettingalong35.A.improve B.enhance C.develop D.proceed36.A.concerns B.issues C.advantages D.problems37.A.still B.always C.habitually D.consequently38.A.callin B.callover C.callupon D.callout39.A.always B.rarely C.little D.sometimes40.A.little B.enough C.many D.much41.A.and B.but C.still D.or42.A.tolerant B.hostile C.indifferent D.good-tempered43.A.agreement B.consensus C.compromise D.deal44.A.goabout B.goover C.goinfor D.gothrough45.A.seldom B.less C.probably D.certainly46.A.dependent B.agoodsourceofinformationC.ofgreatvalue D.reliable47.A.familiar B.cold C.humid D.new48.A.though B.while C.since D.as49.A.enthusiasm B.hesitation C.caution D.concern50.A.same B.equivalent C.equal D.similarityPARTIVGRAMMAR&VOCABULARY[15MIN]Therearethirtysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet51.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he________abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.wouldbeB.willhavebeen C.was D.were52._________,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass.A.AlthoughheisasocialistB.EvenifheisasocialistC.BeingasocialistD.Sinceheisasocialist53.Hisremarkswere________annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.A.soastoB.suchasto C.suchto D.asmuchasto54.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe_________untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.wascoming C.hadbeencoming D.came55._________consciousofmymoralobligationsasacitizen.A.IwasandalwayswillbeB.IhavetobeandalwayswillbeC.IhadbeenandalwayswillbeD.Ihavebeenandalwayswillbe56.Becausefuelsuppliesarefiniteandmanypeoplearewasteful,wewillhavetoinstall_________solarheatingdeviceinourhome.A.sometypeof B.sometypesofa C.sometypeofa D.sometypesof57.Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI________thejourneyinexactlytwodays.A.musttake B.musthavemade C.wasabletomakeD.couldmake58.Iknowhefailedhislasttest,butreallyhe’s_________stupid.A.somethingbut B.anythingbut C.nothingbut D.notbut59.DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis_________thanTim.A.muchmoresportsmanB.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsmanD.moreasportsman60.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe________us.Ithinkit’shightimewe________strongactionsagainsthim.A.betrayed…takeB.hadbetrayed…took C.hasbetrayed…tookD.hasbetrayed…take61.What’sthechanceof________ageneralelectionthisyear?A.therebeing B.theretobeC.therebeD.theregoingtobe62.Themeetingwasputoffbecausewe__________ameetingwithoutJohn.objectedhaving B.wereobjectedtohavingC.objectedtohave D.objectedtohaving63.________you_______furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.Incase,had64.Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,________thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.A.onoccasionB.onpurpose C.oncondition D.onlyif65.Childrenwhostayawayfromschooldo________fordifferentreasons.A.them B./ C.it D.theirs66.–Whyareyoustaring?–I’veneverseen______treebefore.A.kindof B.thatkindofC.suchkindD.such

67.Therearestillmanyproblemaheadofus,butbyhistimenextyearwecanseelightattheendofthe_________.A.battle B.day C.road D.tunnel68.Werealizedthathewasundergreat_________,sowetooknonoticeofhisbadtemper.A.excitement B.stress C.crisis D.nervousness69.Thedirectortriedtogettheactorsto_________tothenextscenebyhandsignals.A.moveon B.moveoff C.moveout D.movealong70.Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas________byhiscolleagues.A.imaginativeB.ingenious C.impractical D.theoretical71.Thousandsofpeopleturnedoutintothestreetsto_________againstthelocalauthorities’decisiontobuildahighwayacrossthefield.A.contradictB.reform C.counter D.protest72.Themajorityofnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareina_________.A.minorityB.scarcity C.rarity D.minimum73.ProfessorJohnson’sretirement________fromnextJanuary.A.carriesintoeffect B.takeseffectC.haseffectD.putsintoeffect74.Thepresidentexplainedthatthepurposeoftaxationwasto________governmentspending.A.finance B.expand C.enlarge D.budget75.Theheatinsummerisnoless_________hereinthismountainregion.A.concentrated B.extensive C.intense D.intensive76.Takingphotographsisstrictly________here,asitmaydamagethepreciouscavepaintings.A.forbidden B.rejected C.excluded D.denied77.Mr.Brown’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill_________.A.pullback B.pullup C.pullthroughD.pullout78.Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer’s_________ratherthanthecompany’s.A.benefit B.availability C.suitability D.convenience79.Thepriestmadethe________ofthecrosswhenheenteredthechurch.A.mark B.signal C.sign D.gesture80.Thisspaciousroomis________furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.A.lightly B.sparsely C.hardly D.rarelyPARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.TEXTAItwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’t’knowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorseshoofsfrom"WagonTrain"or"Cheyenne",andlaughterfrom"ILoveLucy"or"MisterEd",Aftersupper,we'dsprawlonMom'sbed..andstareforhoursatthetube.ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhousesshecleaned--books.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves."Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,"shesaid."Andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread."Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:"I'Ildriveyoutothelibrary."Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened:Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpaediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCentreinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan'tbelievemylife'sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan--thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.81.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool.

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork.

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool.

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas.82.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.83.Themotherwas________tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

A.hesitant B.unprepared C.reluctant D.determined84.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

A.Theywereafraid. B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent. D.Theywereeagertogo.85.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind.

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind.

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain.

D.herealizedthatbooksofferedhimnewexperience.TEXTBPredictingthefutureisalwaysrisky.Butit'sprobablysafetosaythatatleastafewhistorianswillonedayspeakofthe20thcenturyasAmerica's“Disneyera”.Today,it'scertainlydifficulttothinkofanyothersinglethingthatrepresentsmodernAmericaaspowerfullyasthecompanythatcreatedMickeyMouse.Globally,brandslikeCoca-ColaandMcDonaldsmaybemorewidely-known,butneitherencapsulates20th-centuryAmericainquitethesamewayasDisney.

ThereasonsforDisney'ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongstooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.Ironically,hecouldnotdrawparticularlywell.Buthewasageniusinplentyofotherrespects.Inbusiness,hisgreatestskillswerehisinsightandhismanagementability.AftersettinghimselfupinHollywood,hesingle-handedlypioneeredtheconceptsofbrandingandmerchandising—somethinghiscompanystilldoesbrilliantlytoday.

ButwhatreallydistinguishedDisneywashisabilitytoidentifywithhisaudiences.Disneyalwaysmadesurehisfilmschampionedthe“littleguy”,andmadehimfeelproudtobeAmerican.Thisheachievedbycreatingcharactersthatreflectedthehopesandfearsofordinarypeople.SomecelebratedAmericanachievements—Disney'sveryfirstcartoonPlaneCrazy,featuringasilentMickeyMouse,wasinspiredbyCharlesLindbergh'sflightacrosstheAtlantic.Others,liketheThereLittlePigsandSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarves,showedhow,throughhardworkandhelpingone'sfellowmanorAmericanscouldsurvivesocialandeconomiccrisesliketheGreatDepression.

Disney'sothergreatvirtuewasthefactthathiscompany—unlikeotherbigcorporations—hadahumanface.HisHollywoodstudio—thepublicheard—operatedjustlikeademocracy,whereeveryonewasonfirstnametermsandhadasayinhowthingsshouldberun.HewasalsoregardedasagreatpatriotbecausenotonlydidhiscartoonscelebrateAmerica,but,duringWorldWarII,studiosmadetrainingfilmsforAmericansoldiers.

Thereality,ofcourse,waslessidyllic.Asthepublicwouldlaterlearn,Disney'spatriotismhadanunpleasantside.Afterastrikebycartoonistsin1941,hebecameconvincedthatHollywoodhadbeeninfiltratedbyCommunists.HeagreedtoworkfortheFBIasamole,identifyingandspyingoncolleagueswhomhesuspectedweresubversives.

But,apartfromhisaffiliationswiththeFBI,Disneywasmoreorlessthegenuinearticle.Anewbook,TheMagicKingdom;WaltDisneyandtheAmericanWayofLife,byStevenWatts,confirmsthathewasverydefinitelyonthesideofordinaryAmericans—inthe30sand40shevotedforFranklinRoosevelt,believinghewasachampionoftheworkers.Also,DisneywasnotanapologistfortheFBI,assomehavesuggested.Infact,hewasalwayssuspiciousoflarge,bureaucraticorganizations,asisevidencedinfilmslikeThatDarnedCat,inwhichheportrayedFBIagentsasbunglingincompetents.

Bythetimehediedin1966,WaltDisneywasaniconlikeThomasEdisonandtheWrightBrothers.Tobusinesspeopleandfilmmakers,hewasarolemodel;tothepublicatlarge,hewas“UncleWalt”—themanwhohadentertainedthemalltheirlives,themanwhorepresentedthemalltheirlives,themanwhorepresentedallthatwasgoodaboutAmerica.

86.WaltDisneyisbelievedtopossessthefollowingabilitiesEXCEPT

A.painting. B.creativity C.management. D.merchandising.

87.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthepleasantsideofDisney’spatriotism?

A.HesidedwithordinaryAmericansinhisfilms.

B.HesupportedAmerica’swareffortsinhisownway.

C.Hehaddoubtsaboutlarge,bureaucraticorganizations.

D.HevotedforFranklinRooseveltinthe30sand40s.

88.Inthesixthparagraphthesentence“Disneywasmoreorlessthegenuinearticle”meansthat______.

A.Disneywasacreativeandcapableperson. B.DisneyonceagreedtoworkfortheFBI.C.Disneyranhiscompanyinademocraticway. D.Disneywassympatheticwithordinarypeople.

89.Thewriter’sattitudetowardWaltDisneycanbestbedescribedas

A.sympathetic. B.objective. C.critical. D.skeptical.

TEXTCWhydoyoulistentomusic?Ifyoushouldputthisquestiontoanumberofpeople,youmightreceiveanswerslikethese:“Ilikethebeatofmusic”,“Ilookforattractivetunefulness”,“Iammovedbythesoundofchoralsinging”,“IlistentomusicformanyreasonsbutIcouldnotbegintodescribethemtoyouclearly.”Answerstothisquestionwouldbemanyanddiverse,yetalmostnoonewouldreply,“Musicmeansnothingtome.”Tomostofus,musicmeanssomething;itevokessomeresponse.Weobtainsomesatisfactioninlisteningtomusic.

Formany,theenjoymentofmusicdoesnotremainatastandstill.Wefeelthatwecangetmoresatisfactionfromthemusicalexperience.Wewanttomakeclosercontactwithmusicinordertolearnmoreofitsnature;thuswecanrangemorebroadlyandfreelyintheareasofmusicalstyle,form,andexpression.Thisbookexploreswaysofachievingtheseobjectives.Itdeals,ofcourse,withthetechniquesofmusic,butonlyinordertoshowhowtechniqueisdirectedtowardexpressiveaimsinmusicandtowardthelistener’smusicalexperience.Inthisway,wemaygetanideaofthecomposer’sintentions,forindeed,thecomposeruseseverymusicaldeviceforitspowertocommunicateandforitscontributiontothemusicalexperience.

Althougheveryonehearsmusicdifferently,thereisacommongroundfromwhichallmusicalexperiencesgrow.Thatsourceissounditself.Soundistherawmaterialofmusic.Itmakesupthebodyandsubstanceofallmusicalactivity.Itisthepointofdepartureinthemusicalexperience.

Thekindsofsoundthatcanbeusedformusicalpurposesareamazinglyvaried.Throughouttheculturesoftheworld,EastandWest,avirtuallylimitlessarrayofsoundshasbeenemployedintheserviceofmusicalexpression.ListentoOrientaltheatremusic,thentoanexcerptfromaWagnerwork;thesetwoareworldsapartintheirqualitiesofsoundaswellasinalmosteveryotherfeature,yeteachsayssomething