英文合同合同常用詞第一節合同常用詞(UsualWording)⑴當大量接觸英文合同，就會發現英文合同中有些詞或短語出現的頻率非常高，往往影響或決定了對合同的準確理解，下面就分門別類從常見實詞和常見虛詞兩個方面進行具體介紹：一英文合同常用虛詞UsualFunctionWords1Here/there/where+介詞構成的古體詞基本規則Here代表thisthere代表thatwhere代表which或what即here/there/where+介詞二介詞+this/that/whichorwhatHereby:bymeansof;byreasonofthis.特此由此茲等意例句TheBuyerherebyordersfromtheSellertheundermentionedgoodssubjecttothefollowingconditions:買方向賣方訂購下列商品條件如下Hereininthis此中于此例句TheminimumroyaltyhereinspecifiedshallbepaidbyPartyBtoPartyA.在此規定的最低特許權使用費應由乙方付給甲方。Hereinafter:laterinthesameContract.以下，在下文。通常與tobereferredtoas,referredas,called連用。例句：ThisAgreementismadeandconcludedon ,(date) (year),byandbetween (hereinaftercalledPartyA)ontheonehandand (hereinaftercalledPartyB)ontheotherhand.本協議書于 年___月___日由 (以下簡稱甲方)為一方，與 (以下簡稱乙方)為另一方簽訂。Hereofofthis關于此點在本文件中Hereunder：underthis.本文件規定。例句Bothpartiesagreetoattempttoresolvealldisputesbetweenthepartieswithrespecttotheapplicationorinterpretationofanytermhereofoftransactionhereunder,throughamicablenegotiation.合同雙方就本合同規定交易任一條款的適用和解釋所產生的所有爭議同意力求通過友好協商予以解決。Heretotothis.本文件的Thereofofthat.它的其Thereto：tothat與之，向那里。例句LicensedProductsmeansthedevicesandproductsdescribedinSchedule1annexedheretotogetherwithallimprovementandmodificationthereofordevelopmentwithrespectthereto.“特許產品”系指在本協議附件1中所述的裝置和產品，及其全部改進和修改的產品和與之相關的產品。Herewithwiththis.與此附此Therebybythatmeans.因此由此從而例句InanyoneormoreoftheprovisionscontainedinthisContractoranydocumentexecutedinconnectionherewithshallbeinvalidofunenforceableinanyrespectunderanyapplicablelaw,thevalidityandenforceabilityoftheremainingprovisionscontainedhereinshallnotinanywaybeaffectedthereby.如果根據現行法律，本合同及與此有關文件中有一項或多項條款被視為無效或不能履行，本合同其余條款的效力和履行將不因此受影響。Thereafter:afterthat，afterwards.此后例句TheContractforthecontractualjointventureshallcontinuefromaperiodoftwoyearsthereafter.本合作經營企業合同，此后應持續有效兩年。Therein:inthat;inthatparticularcontext;inthatrespect.在那里在那點上；在那方面。例句TheLeasedPremisesaredeemedtobefitforoccupationwhenthebuildingthereinissubstantiallycompleted.當在那里的建筑物實質完成時，該租賃房屋才認為適合占有居住。Therewithwiththat.以此此外例句TheEmployershallindemnifyandsaveharmlesstheContractoragainstandfromthesameandagainstandfromallclaims,proceedings,damages,costs,chargesandexpenseswhatsoeverarisingthereoutorinconnectiontherewith.業主應賠償所有索賠、訴訟、損害賠償、支出、花費、費用，不論因本合同產生或與其相關，并保證承包人免于承擔上述責任。Whereby:bytheagreement,bythefollowingtermsandconditions,etc.憑此協議，憑此條款等。例句ThisAgreementismadeandconcludedbyandbetweenAACorporation(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA）andBBCompany（hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB）wherebythePartiesheretoagreetoenterintothecompensationtradeunderthetermsandconditionssetforthbelow:本協議由AA公司（以下簡稱甲方）和BB公司（以下簡稱乙方）簽訂。雙方同意按下列條款進行補償貿易。（本句中省略未譯）2．WITNESSETH,Whereas,NowTherefore,NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS,KnowAllMenbythesepresents，InwitnessWhereof,InTestimonyWhereof,Undersigned.24WITHNESSETH,Whereas,NowTherefore用于英文合同前言部分InwitnessWhereof用于合同結尾證明部分，在第二章篇章結構特點中已有涉及，恕不贅述。InTestimonyWhereof:inWitnessWhereof.以此為證特立此證例句InTestimonyWhereofwehaveheretosignedthisDocumenton (date)acceptedon (date)?我方于―年_月_日簽署本文件并于―年_月_日接受該文件特此為證。NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS:茲特立約為據,本句話也是用于WHEREAS條款之后引出具體協議事項。例句：NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESSthatitisherebyagreedbetweenthepartiesheretoasfollows:茲特立約為據，并由訂約雙方協議如下：KNOWALLMENbythesepresents:根據本文件特此宣布 通常用于前言部分)例句KNOWALLMENbythesepresentsthatwe (banksname)havingourregisteredofficeat (hereinaftercalled“theBank”)willbeboundunto (theOwner'sname)(hereinaftercalled“theOwner”)inthesumof forpaymentwellandtrulytobemadetothesaidOwner,theBankwillbinditself,itssuccessorsandbetterassigneebythesepresents.根據本文件茲宣布，我行，（銀行名稱），其注冊地點在（以下簡稱本銀行）向（業主名稱）（以下簡稱本業主）立約擔保支付（金額數）的保證金。本保證書對本銀行及其繼受人和受讓人均具有約束力。Undersigned:法律文件末尾的簽名者,前面加定冠詞the,是指文件簽署者的自稱。例句TheundersignedSellerandBuyerhaveagreedtoclosethefollowingtransactioninaccordancewiththetermsandconditionsstipulatedasfollows:茲經簽約的買賣雙方同意，按下列條款，達成這筆交易。. 專業.專注 .3．Notwithstanding:inspiteof,despite.即使，盡管。例1：Notwithstandinganyotherprovisionstothecontraryherein,insurancecoverageandlimitsshallbesubjecttoapprovalofalltheparties.即使有與本合同相悖的規定保險范圍和責任限制應以合同各方同意為準。例2：NotwithstandingArticle2.2,thepartiesmayagreetoextendtheExpirationdatetosuchdateasisreasonableinthecircumstancesifanyoftheconditionsprecedentreferredtoinArticle2.1isnotsatisfiedorwaivedonorbeforetheExpirationDate,anysuchagreementorwaivertobeinwriting.盡管有本合同第二條第二款規定，如果上述第二條第一款規定的先決條件在合同期滿日之前既未實現又未放棄，合同各方亦可根據具體情況，約定合理延長合同的期滿日。4As合同英語中as出現的頻率極高而且用法靈活多變是典型的自由人。在某種意義上講，as使用的熟練程度可以衡量合同英語的造詣。具體用法和含義見以下實例：As放在代表規定的provide，stipulate，setforth，prescribe等詞的過去分詞前，含義為“依照某某25規定”。例1：Forpurposeofthis,CapitalAccountshallbeadjustedhypotheticallyasprovidedforinSection4.6herein.基于此應依照本合同第四條第六款調整資金賬戶例2：basedontheirrespectiveVentureinterestsassetforthinSection5.2hereof.基于本合同第五條第二款規定的各方在合資公司中的權益。另有Exceptasotherwiseprovided結構，表示“除非本文/某條款另有規定”。例句Exceptasotherwiseprovidedherein,allnoticesordemandssentbyregisteredairmailshallbedeemedreceived8daysaftertheyhavebeensentandnoticesordemandssentbytelexshallbedeemedreceivedatthetimeofthedispatchthereof.除非本合同另有規定所有通知和請求以航空掛號信寄出則發出后8日應視為送達收悉，以電傳方式發出則在發送時視為收悉。As構成asthecasemaybe視具體情況而定asthecasemayrequire視具體要求而定和astheVenturersmaydetermine等短語例句TheVenturemayrelocateitsofficefromtimetotimeorhaveadditionalofficesastheVenturersmaydetermine.該合資公司視投資者決策，可隨時遷址或增添營業場所。As構成asofthedateof (date)短語是英語合同中表示“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表達。例句Inwitnesswhereof,thepartieshavecausedthisinstrumenttobedulyexecutedasofthedayandyearfirstabovewritten.合同雙方簽訂本文件，該文件自以上書就日期即時生效，特此為證。As還用在assoonaspractical短語中，意義用法相當于assoonaspossible.例句DuringtheEmploymentPeriod,theCompanyagreesthatitshallrecommendtotheBoardtheelectionoftheEmployeeasaDirectoroftheCompanyontheCommencementDateorassoonaspracticalthereafter.本公司同意在聘用期間，應自本協議開始或其后盡早的時間向董事會推選受聘方為本公司董事As與such連用是英文合同中一大特色，參看本書第二章第三節部分在此不在贅述。foregoing,aforesaid,thesaid,aforementioned,above-mentioned,inquestionForegoing,aforesaid,thesaid,aforementioned,above-mentioned一族一般放在名詞前作限定，意為“前述的”或“上述的”，為避免重復已經提到的姓名或名稱。例1：TheBankshallgivepromptwrittenortelexnoticetotheBorroweroftheInterestRateineffectfromtimetotimeinaccordancewiththeforegoingsentence.本銀行將根據前述的句子以書面或電傳形式隨時及時通知借款方生效的利率。例2：ThecontractshallbewritteninChineseandin .Bothlanguageversionsareequallyauthentic.Intheeventofanydiscrepancybetweenthetwoaforementionedversions,theChineseversion26shallprevail.本合同應以中文和一文書就具同等法律效力前述兩種文本如有歧異以中文文本為準Inquestion:underconsideration;beingtalkabout.通常表示“在考慮或討論中的”某件事或某個問題，可譯為“這”或“該”問題。例句AllpricestobepaidbytheBuyerunderitsobligationsofthebuyback/counter-purchaseContractshallbetheworldmarketpricestakingintoaccounttheotherdeliverytermsforthegoodsinquestion.買方根據返銷或回購貨物合同的義務所支付的價格應為世界市場價格，結合考慮該貨物的其他交貨條件。follows,asbelow,thefollowing這一族都表示“下列”，一般放在動詞后，而thefollowing作為“下列”在英文合同中用的較少。這樣的例子俯手皆是，恐怕每個英文合同都少不了的。NOWTHEREFORE,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows;為此，雙方達成契約，約定如下：NOWTHEREFORE,itisherebyagreedasbelow.為此，雙方約定如下：Nowtherefore,inconsiderationofthepremisesandcovenantsdescribedhereinafter,PartyAandPartyBagreeasfollows:茲以上述各點和契約所載條款為約因，訂約雙方協議如下：accordingto,under,subjectto,inaccordancewith,asper,asprovidedin,pursuantto,incompliancewith這一族都表示“依照，根據”合同的約定或者法律的規定。其中尤以accordingto最不正式自然用的最少了而inaccordancewith最為常見例女口Incasenosettlementcanbereached,thecasemaythenbesubmittedforarbitrationtoChinaInternationalEconomicAndTradeArbitrationCommissioninaccordancewiththeprovisionalRulesofProcedurespromulgatedbythesaidArbitrationCommission.女口未能達成和解，該案件可提交中國國際貿易仲裁委員會根據該仲裁委員會頒布的仲裁程序暫行規定進行仲裁。又女口APhotostatcopyoftheAcceptanceCertificateoftheContractPlantsignedbytherepresentativesofbothpartiesasperChapter9ofthepresentContract.該合同設備的驗收證書的影印副本由雙方代表按照該合同第九章簽收。再女口 BothPartiesshalleachcontributetheirpaidincapitalincompliancewiththeitemsspecifiedintheappendixtotheContract?合同雙方應按照本合同附件中載明的項目進行出資。Includingbutnotlimitedto與including,withoutlimitation以及includingbywayofillustrationbutnotlimitation英文合同表達“包括但不限于”時，就會用到這幾個短語。例女口ThetimefortheperformanceoftheSeller'sobligationssetforthinthisContractshallbeautomaticallyextendedforaperiodequaltothedurationofanynonperformancearisingdirectlyorindirectlyfromForceMajeureeventsincludingbutnotlimitedtofire,flood,earthquake,typhoon,naturalcatastrophe,andallothercontingenciesandcircumstanceswhatsoeverbeyondtheSeller'sreasonablecontrolpreventing,hinderingorinterferingwiththeperformancethereof.本合同規定賣方履行義務的時間應自動延長等同于由于直接或間接由于不可抗力事件導致的不能履行的期間。不可抗力事件包括但不限于火災、洪水、地震、臺風、自然災害和賣方無論怎樣也無法合理控制的阻止、妨礙、干擾本合同履行的其他風險和情形priorto,nolaterthan,onorbefore，onandafter常用在英文合同中限定日期priorto表示某日之前提前多少日onorbefore,no(not)laterthan,表示不遲于Onandafter表示從某日起例女口PartyAshallbeunauthorizedtoacceptanyordersorttocollectanyaccountonandafterSeptember20.自9月2O日起，甲方已無權接受任何定單或收據。例女口Ourtermsarecashwithinthreemonths,i.e.onorbeforeMay1.我公司的條件是，3個月內，即不得晚于5月1日，支付現金。例如：PartyBshallshipthegoodswithinonemonthofthedateofsigningthisContract,i.e.notlaterthanDecember.本合同簽字之日一個月內即不遲于12月15日你方須將貨物裝船。例如：10-15dayspriortothedateofshipment,theBuyershallinformtheSellerbycableortelexofthecontractnumber,nameofvessel,ETAofvessel,quantitytobeloadedandthenameofshippingagent,soastoenabletheSellertocontacttheshippingagentdirectandarrangetheshipmentofthegoods.裝運前10天到15天，買方應以電報或電傳方式通知賣方合同編號、裝運船名預計到達時間，裝載數量和承運代理商名稱，以便能使賣方直接聯系承運代理商安排貨物裝運。此外，為限定時間更為明確，還常用inclusive、including和included來限定含當日在內的時間。例如：ThiscreditexpirestillJanuary1(inclusive)fornegotiationinBeijing.(or:ThiscreditexpirestillandincludingJanuary1fornegotiationinBeijing.)本證在北京議付有效期至1月1日。如果不包括1月1日在內，則為tillandnotincludingJanuary1。10．WithoutprejudicetoWithoutprejudiceto,常用于英文合同中表示在不損害某規定/情況下”。例女口TheBuyershallneverthelesshavetherighttocancelinpartorinwholeofthecontractwithoutprejudicetotheBuyer'srighttoclaimcompensations.不妨害買方索賠權，買方仍有權取消合同的部分28或全部11．Attributableto,dueto,owingto, byvirtueof,inviewof,becauseof,onaccountof，considering,inconsiderationof這一組短語出現在英文合同中都表示“因為”，其中dueto，owingto，becauseof較不正式，很少使用。例女口ShouldtheBuyerbeunabletoarrangeinsuranceintimeowingtotheSeller'sfailuretogivetheabove-mentionedadviceofshipmentbycableortelex,theSellershallbeheldresponsibleforanyandalldamagesand/orlossesattributabletosuchfailure.如果因為賣方未能以電報或電傳形式發出上述裝運通知，買方不能及時安排保險，則賣方應對此產生的損失和或損害賠償承擔責任。例女口LicenseeherebyagreesthatitseveryuseofsuchnameshallinuretothebenefitofLicensorandthatLicenseeshallnotatanytimeacquireanyrightsinsuchnamebyvirtueofanyuseitmaymakeofsuchname.被許可方特此同意該名稱的使用應有利于許可方利益且不得在任何時候因利用該名稱而取得該名稱項下任何權利。例女口Buyershallhavetherighttoinspectthegoodsonarrivaland,within businessdaysafterdelivery,buyermustgivenoticetosellerofanyclaimfordamagesonaccountofcondition,qualityorgradeofthegoods,andbuyermustspecifythebasisoftheclaimofbuyerindetail.買方應有權在貨物運抵及交付后*個營業日內進行檢驗，買方須通知賣方任何基于貨物條件、品質、等級而產生的索賠，并詳細說明索賠事由。例女口InviewofthepersonalnatureoftheservicestobeperformedunderthisAgreementbyyou,youcannotassignortransferanyofyourobligationsunderthisAgreement.考慮到本協議項下待你方履行的服務有人身性質，你方不能轉讓本協議項下你方的任何義務。INCONSIDERATIONOF以……為約因/報酬約因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一，沒有則合同不能依法強制履行。但是，大陸法系的合同則無此規定。例女口Now,Therefore,inconsiderationofthemutualpremisesandcovenantshereincontained,itisherebyagreed: 茲以上述各點和契約所載條款為約因，訂約雙方協議如下：InconsiderationofthepaymenttobemadebyPartyAtoPartyB,PartyBherebycovenantswithPartyAtocompletethebuildinginconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheContract.. 專業.專注 .乙方特此立約向甲方保證按合同規定完成工程建設，以取得甲方所付的報酬。12．Inlieuof：一般出現在英文合同中表示“替代”的意思相當于基礎英語中的inplaceof,insteadof.29例句IncircumstanceprovidedaboveinClause14.1PartyCorNewCompanyshall,atitssoleoptionanddiscretion,beentitledtotransfertoPartyBallorpartofPartyCorNewCompany'sproprietaryrightsandownershipoftheinfrastructureproject,underconstructionorafterCompletionDate,asliquidateddamages,inlieuofcomputingandcompensatingtheactualdamagesprovidedthatsuchtransfershallbeconductedofPartyC'sownfreewillorrenderedinthearbitrationawardasstipulatedinclause23.在上述第十四條第一款規定的情形下，丙方或新公司自行選擇決斷有權向乙方轉讓丙方或新公司的所有權及在建或竣工后基礎設施的所有權的全部或部分作為約定的固定數額的違約金來替代計算賠償實際損害，但該轉讓應為丙方自己自愿實施的行為或根據二十三條的規定基于仲裁裁決的處分。13．Inrespectof；inrespectthereof；withrespectto：asregards涉及至于在方面英文合同中常用inrespectof,inrespectthereof或withrespectto,表示與本合同/協議/條款有關的問題，比about,concerning,asregards正式。例如NotwithstandingClause16.1,PartyBshallnotbeentitledtoclaimforitselfinrespectofanyForceMajeureinClause16.1.不管16條第一款的規定，乙方無權根據16條第一款為其自身提出有關不可抗力的索賠。例女口UpontheterminationoftheExistingLetterofCreditandthepaymentofallamounts(ifany)owinginrespectthereof,BankBoston,N.A.shallceasetobeanIssuingBankhereunder.現有信用證一經期滿所有相關應付款項支付(如果有的話)即告終止，北美波士頓銀行不再是該信用證項下的開證行。例女口PartyCorNewCompanyshallretainallrightswithrespecttothespecifications,plans,drawingsandotherdocumentsandPartyBundertakesnottodisclosethesameordivulgeanyinformationcontainedthereintoanythirdcountrywithouttheprior