【專家預(yù)測(cè)】最新研究生考研考試英語(yǔ)全真模擬試題及答案解析1

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon

ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Inthepastfewdecades,remarkablefindingshavebeenmadeinethology,thestudyofanimalsocial

behavior.Earlierscientistshad1thatnonhumansociallifewasalmosttotallyinstinctiveorfixedbygenetics.

Muchmorecarefulobservationhasshownthat2variationoccursamongthesocialtiesofmostspecies,showing

thatlearningisapartofsociallife.Thatis,the3arenotsolelyfixedbythegenes.

4,thelearningthatoccursisoftenatanearlyageinaprocessthatiscalledimprinting.Imprintingisclearly

5instinctive,butitisnotquitelikethelearningofhumans;itissomethinginbetweenthetwo.Anillustrationbest

6thenatureofimprinting.Once,biologiststhoughtthatducklingsfollowedthemotherduckbecauseofinstincts.

Nowweknowthat,shortly7theyhatch,ducklingsfix8anyobjectaboutthesizeofaduckandwillhenceforth

followit.Soducklingsmayfollowabasketballorabriefcaseiftheseare9forthemotherduckatthetimewhen

imprintingoccurs.Thus,socialtiescanbeconsiderably10,evenonesthathaveaconsiderablebase11by

genetics.

Evenamongthesocialinsectssomethinglikeimprinting12influencesocialbehavior.Forexample,

biologistsoncethoughtbeescommunicatedwithotherspurely13instinct.But,inexaminingandancenthatbees

dotoindicatethedistanceanddirectionofapollensource,observersfoundthatbeesraisedinisolationcouldnot

communicateeffectively.Atahigherlevel,thegeneticbaseseemstobemuchmoreforanallpurposeleai*ning

ratherthanthemorespecificresponsesofimprinting.Chimpanzees,forinstance,generally14verygoodmother

butJaneGoodallreportsthatsomechimpscarrytheinfantupsidedownor15failtonurturetheyoung.She

believesthatthesefemalesweretheyoungestorthe16childofamother.Insuchcircumstances,theydidnothave

theopportunitytoobservehowtheirownmother17forheryoung.Certainlyadolescentchimpswhoarestillwith

theirmotherswhenotheryoungarebomtakemuchinterestintherearingoftheiryoungbrotherorsister.They

haveanexcellentopportunitytolearn,andthesocialtiesthatarecreatedbetweenmotherandyoung18Goodall

todescribethesocialunitasafamily.Themotheroffspringtieisbeyond19;thereissomeevidenceto20that

tiesalsocontinuebetweensiblingsofthesamesex,thatis"brotherbrother'1and"sistersister".

1AassumedBadoptedCbelievedDsurmised

2AconsiderateBconsideratedCconsiderableDconsidering

3AstatuesBstatusesCstatutesDstatures

4AWhatsmoreBHenceCButDHowever

5AnotBonlyCbutDsolely

6AclarifiesBclassifiesCdefinesDoutlines

7AthanBbeforeCwhenDafter

8AonBwithCinDwithin

9AappropriatedBsubstitutedCassignedDdistributed

10AvariedBdeviatedCdiffieredDaltered

11AfashionedBmodifiedCinfluencedDaffected

12AmayBshouldCmustDcan

13AbyBoutofCfromDthrough

14AproveBmakeCturnDcreate

15AotherwiseBstillCyetDeven

16AoneBsoleCsingleDonly

17AlookedBattendedCcaredDprovided

18AguideBcauseCdirectDlead

19AlimitationBimaginationCdoubtDexpectation

20AadviseBhintCimplyDsuggest

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorDMark

youranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)

Text1

NewfiguresfromFrance,GermanyandItaly-thethreebiggesteconomiesinthe12countryEurozone

-suggestthecontinent'seconomicwoesmayhavebeenexaggerated.InFrance,evidenceemergedthatconsumer

spendingremainedsolidinJulyandAugust,rising1.4%and0.6%respectively.Forecastershadgenerallyexpected

theJulyfiguretoshowa0.1%slippage,withAugustunchanged.Butthefigureswereflatteredslightlybyadown

gradetotheJunefigure,to0.7%from1.5%.

WithmanufacturinginthedoldrumsacrossEuropeandtheUS,consumerspendinghasbeenincreasingly

seenasthebesthopeofstoppingtheglobaleconomicslowdownfromturningintoarecession.TheFrench

governmentsaidthenewsprovedthattheeconomywasholdinguptothestrainoftheslowdown.

MeanwhileinGermany,newregionalpricefigureswentsomewaytowardscalmingfearsaboutinflationin

Europefslargesteconomy-akeyreasonfortheEuropeanCentralBank'sreluctancetocutinterest15statessaid

consumerpriceswerebroadlystable,withinflationfallingyearonyear.Theinformationbackedeconomists'

expectationsthatinflationforthecountryasawholeissettofallbacktoayearlyrateof2.1%,comparedtoa

yearlyrateof2.6%inAugust,closinginontheEurowidetargetof2%.Thedropispartlyduetolastyear'sspike

inoilpricesdroppingoutoftheyearonyearcalculation.

TheicingonthecakewasnewsthatItaly*sjobmarkethasremainedbuoyant.Thecountry'sJuly

unemploymentratedroppedto9.4%from9.6%themonthbefore,itslowestlevelinmorethaneightyears.Anda

businessconfidencesurveyfromquasigovernmentalresearchgroupISAEtoldofageneralpickupin

demandinthesixweekstoearlySeptember.ButthenewswastemperedbyanannouncementbyAlitalia,the

country'sbiggestairline,thatitwillhavetogetridof2,500stafftocopewiththeexpectedcontractionaswellas

selling12aeroplanes.AndindustrialgroupConfindustriawarnedthattheattacksonUStargetsmeantgrowthwill

beabout1.9%thisyear,wellshortofthegovernment's2.4%target.Anditsaidthebudgetdeficitwillprobablybe

about1.5%,nearlytwicethe0.8%Italy'sgovernmenthaspromiseditsEuropeanUnionpartners.

21Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthat.

AnewfiguresfromthethreeEuropeancountriesshowthepredictionofforecastersisexactlyright

BEuropeaneconomygetsonbetterthanforecastershavepredicted

Calloftheforecastersexpectthefullyfiguretoshowareduction

DinthreeEuropeancountriestheconsumerspendingcontinuestorise

22Theterm"inthedoldrumsMinParagraph2refersto.

AintheprocessofrisingBexperiencingasharpturning

CintherecessionDrisingrapidly

23Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?.

AThereasonfortheECB'sunwillingtocutinterestratesisinflationwasactuallyexpectedtofallin

Germany

BInGermanyconsumerpriceswerefalling

CLastyear'soilpricesdroppingoutoftheyearonyearcalculationdirectlyleadstothedropof

inflation

DTheEuropeanCentralBankiswillingtocutinterestrate

24Inthispassage,thewordnbuoyantninparagraph4isclosestinmeaningtotheword.

AdepressingBgloomyCactiveDcalm

25IndustrialgroupConfindustriawarnedthat.

AtheattacksonUStargetsleadtothecomparativelylowergrowth

Bthegrowthhadbeenwellshortofthegovernment'starget

Cthebudgetdeficitmustbeabout1.5%

Dthebudgetdeficitwillprobablybegreatdifferentfromthecountry'spromise

Text2

SurveyresultsindicatethatsmokingandalcoholandmarijuanauseincreasedamongresidentsofManhattan

duringthe5?8weeksaftertheterroristattacksontheWorldTradeCenterwhichtookplaceonSeptember11,

2001.Almostonethirdofthenearly1,000personsinterviewedreportedanincreaseduseofalcohol,marijuana,

orcigarettesfollowingtheSeptember11thattacks.Thelargestincreasewasinalcoholuse.Aboutonefourthof

therespondentssaidtheyweredrinkingmorealcoholintheweeksafterSeptember11;about10%reportedan

increaseinsmoking,and3.2%saidtheyhadincreasedtheiruseofmarijuana.

TheinvestigatorsfoundsurveyparticipantsbyrandomlydialingNewYorkCityphonenumbersand

screenedpotentialrespondentsfbrManhattanresidentslivinginareasclosetotheWorldTradeCenter.Interviews

wereconductedwith988individualsbetweenOctober16andNovember15,2001.Participantswereaskedabout

theircigarettesmoking,alcoholdrinking,andmarijuanausehabitsbeforeandafterSeptember11.Duringthe

weekpriortoSeptember11,2001,22.6%oftheparticipantsreportedsmokingcigarettes,59.1%drinkingalcohol,

and4.4%usingmarijuana.AfterSeptember11th,23.4%reportedsmokingcigarettes,64.4%drinkingalcohol,and

5.7%smokingmarijuana.Amongthosewhosmoked,almost10%reportedsmokingatleastanextrapackof

cigarettesaweekandamongthosewhodrankalcohol,morethan20%reportedimbibingatleastoneextradrinka

day.

Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhoreportedanincreaseinsubstanceabuseweremorelikelytosuffer

fromposttraumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)andfromdepression.Peoplewhoreportedanincreaseincigarette

smokingormarijuanausewerealsomorelikelytohavebothPTSDanddepression,whilethosewhoreportedan

increaseinalcoholuseweremorelikelytohavedepressiononly.PersonswhowerelivingclosertotheWorld

TradeCenterweremorelikelytoincreasetheircigarettesmoking,butotherfactorssuchasbeingdisplacedfrom

home,losingpossessionsduringtheattacks,orbeinginvolvedintherescueeffortswerenotconsistently

associatedwithincreasedsubstanceuse.Symptomsofpanicattackwereassociatedwithanincreaseintheuseof

allsubstances.

Increaseinsubstanceabusedidnotdiffersignificantlybetweenmenandwomenoramongracialorethnic

groups.Demographicfactorssuchasage,maritalstatus,andincomeseemedtoplayamorecriticalrolein

determiningiftheeventsofSeptember11thledtoanincreaseinsubstanceuse.

26.Thesurveyresultssuggestthatthelargestincreaseinsubstanceusewas.

AalcoholBmarijuanaCcigarettesDcocaine

27.Thesurveyparticipantswere.

ArandomlyselectedUnitedStatescitizens

BrandomlyselectedNewYorkCitycitizens

CrandomlyselectedManhattanresidentswholiveclosetotheWorldTradeCenter

DrandomlyselectedAmericancitizenswhowitnessedtheterroristattack

28.Theauthoristryingtoshowthat.

Auseofsubstancesmayvaryfromtimetotime

Babuseofcertainsubstancesisharmfulforhealth

CtheattackofSeptember11thhasleftincurableharmtopeoplesmentalhealth

Dterroristattackincreaseanxietyandsenseofinsecurityamongresidents

29.WhatcanbesaidaboutsubstanceabuseafterSeptember11?

APeoplewhoreportedanincreaseinalcoholuseweremorelikelytohavePTSD.

BPeoplewhowerelivingclosertoWorldTradeCenterweremostlikelytoincreasecigarettesmoking.

CDisplacementfromhomeandinvolvementinrescueeffortswereconsistentlyassociatedwith

increasedsubstanceuse.

DSymptomsofpanicattachwereunrelatedwithincreaseduseofsubstances.

30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

ADemographicinformationsuchasgender,raceandmaritalstatuswasnotcollected.

BGenderandracedonothavemucheffectontheamountofsubstanceabuse.

CAgeandmaritalstatusdonotmakeanydifferenceonsubstanceabuse.

DIncomeisabetterpredictorofsubstanceabusethanage.

Text3

Theentrepreneur,accordingtoFrencheconomistJ.B.Say,"isapersonwhoshiftseconomicresourcesout

ofanareaoflowerandintoanareaofhigherproductivityandyield/'ButSaysdefinitiondoesnottelluswho

thisentrepreneuris.Somedefinetheentrepreneursimplyasonewhostartshisorherownnewandsmallbusiness.

Forourpurposes,wewilldefinetheentrepreneurasapersonwhotakesthenecessaryriskstoorganizeand

manageabusinessandreceivesthefinancialprofitsandnonmonetaryrewards.

Themanwhoopensasmallpizzarestaurantisinbusiness,butisheanentrepreneur?Hetookariskanddid

something,butdidheshiftresourcesorstartthebusiness?Iftheanswerisyes,thenheisconsideredan

entrepreneur.RayKrocisanexampleofanentrepreneurbecausehefoundedandestablishedMcDonalds.His

hamburgerswerenotanewidea,butheappliednewtechniques,resourceallocations,andorganizationalmethods

inhisventure.RayKrocupgradedtheproductivityandyieldfromtheresourcesappliedtocreatehisfastfood

chain.Thisiswhatentrepreneursdo;thisiswhatentrepreneurshipmeans.

Manyofthesharp,blackandwhitecontrastsbetweentheentrepreneurandtheprofessionalhavefaced

toagraycolor.Formerly,professionalssuchasdoctors,lawyers,dentists,andaccountantswerenotsupposedto

beentrepreneurial,aggressive,ormarketoriented.Theywere"above"themarketdrivenworld.Entrepreneurs,

ontheotherhand,werethemavericksofsociety.Theywererisktakerswhoaggressivelysoughttomake

somethinghappen.Longhourswereaboutallthetwoworldshadincommon.However,increasedcompetition,

saturatedmarkets,andamorepriceconsciouspublichavechangedtheworldoftheprofessionals.Todaythey

needtomarkettheirskills,talents,andcompetencies;Lawyersadvertisetheirservices.Doctorsspecializeinone

formofsurgery.Accountingfirmsjoinwithotherbusinesses(e.g.,consultingandlaw)toserveclients.

Entrepreneursexhibitmanydifferentbehaviors;searchingforaspecificpersonalitypatternisverydifficult.

Someentrepreneursarequiet,introverted,andanalytical.Ontheotherhand,somearebrash,extroverted,andvery

emotional,manyofthemsharesomequalities.Viewingchangeasthenorm,entrepreneursusuallysearchforit,

respondtoit,andtreatitasanopportunity.AnentrepreneursuchasRayKrocofMcDonaldsisabletotake

resourcesandshiftthemtomeetaneed.Makingthedecisiontoshiftresourcesworksbetterifapersoniscreative,

experienced,andconfident.

31.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whocanberegardedasanentrepreneur?

A.TheCEOofabigcompany.

B.Theownerofaprofitablerestaurant.

C.Amanwhostartedanewkindofbusinessbuteventuallyfailedafter5yearsbecauseofsomefinancial

problems.

D.Asuccessfulsalesman.

32.Whichofthefollowingsarenecessaryforanentrepreneur?

①aresourceshifter(2)onewhostartsanewbusiness

@nonprofessional?moneygaining

⑤arisktaker

A.①②③B.①②④⑤C.①②⑤D.①②③④⑤

33.Fromthetext,welearnthat.

A.anentrepreneurshouldbeveryextroverted

B.anentrepreneurshouldbequicktoseizeopportunities

C.changeisnotnorminanentrepreneurseyes

D.theFrencheconomistJ.B.Sayisthefirstpersonwhogavethedefinitionof''entrepreneur"

34.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassageisto.

A.completethedefinitionofentrepreneur

B.tellthereaderswhatisentrepreneurandthemaincharacteristicsofentrepreneurs

C.showwhatkindofpeoplecanbecomeentrepreneurs

0.illustratewhyRayKroccanbecomeanentrepreneur

35.Whatwillmostpossiblyfollowthetext?

A.Anexampleofhowanentrepreneuroperates.

B.Anothertheoryaboutentrepreneurship.

C.Thebadeffectsofentrepreneurs.

D.Thegoodeffectsofentrepreneurs.

Text4

Modemtechnologyandsciencehaveproducedawealthofnewmaterialsandnewwaysofusingold

materials.Fortheartistthismeanswideropportunities.Thereisnodoubtthatthelimitationsofmaterialsand

natureoftoolsbothrestrictandshapeaman'swork.Observehowthedevelopmentofplasticsandlightmetals

alongwithnewmethodsofweldinghaschangedthedirectionofsculpture.Transparentplasticmaterialsallowone

tolookthroughanobject,toseeitsvarioussidessuperimposedoneachother(asinCubismorinanX

ray).Today,weldingisasprevalentascastingwasinthepast.Thisnewmethodencouragesopendesigns,where

surroundingandinterveningspacebecomesasimportantasformitself.

Moreambiguousthanotherscientificinventionsfamiliartomodernartists,butnolessinfluential,arethe

psychoanalyticstudiesofFreudandhisfollowers,discoveriesthathaveinfiltratedrecentart,especially

Surrealism.TheSurrealists,intheirstruggletoescapethemonotonyandfrustrationsofeverydaylife,claimedthat

dreamsweretheonlyhope.Tumingtotheirrationalworldoftheirunconscious,theybanishedalltimebarriersand

moraljudgementstocombinedisconnecteddreamexperiencesfromthepast,presentandintervening

psychologicalstates.TheSurrealistswereconcernedwithoverlappingemotionsmorethanwithoverlapping

fbrms.Theirpaintingsoftenbecomesegmentedcapsulesofassociativeexperiences.Forthem,obsessiveandoften

unrelatedimagesreplacedthedirectemotionalmessageofexpressionism.Theydidnotneedtosmashpaintand

canvas;theywentbeyondthistosmashthewholecontinuityoflogicalthought.

Thereislittledoubtthatcontemporaryarthastakenmuchfromcontemporarylife.Inaperiodwhenscience

hasmaderevolutionarystrides,artistsintheirstudioshavenotbeenunawareofscientistsintheirlaboratories.But

thishasrarelybeenaonewaystreet.Paintersandsculptors,thoughadmittedlyinfluencedbymodern

science,havealsomoldedandchangedourworld.Ifbreakuphasbeenavitalpartoftheirexpression,ithasnot

alwaysbeenasymbolofdestruction.Quitethecontrary:ithasbeenusedtoexaminemorefully,topenetratemore

deeply,toanalyzemorethoroughly,toenlarge,isolateandmakemorefamiliarcertainaspectsoflifethatearlierwe

wereapttoneglect.Inaddition,itsometimesprovidesrichmultipleexperiencessoorganizedasnotmerelyto

reflectourworld,butinfacttointerpretit.

36.Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat.

Aartisticcreationsseemtobethereproductionsofmcxlemtechnology

Bartisticcreationshavemadegreatstridesscientifically

Cartisticcreationsappeartobeincapableofignoringmaterialadvances

Dartisticcreationsarethereflectionofthematerialworld

37.Theweldingtechniques.

Acancausealotofchangesinsculpturearts

Bpermitdetailsofanobjecttobeseenclearly

Ccansuperimposemultiplesidesofsculptor'sdesigns

Dcanmakeartistsadaptabletobesurroundings

38.WecanlearnfromthetextthatFreud'sstudies.

Aaremoreambiguousthananyotherscientificinvention

Bhaveinfluencedotherscientificinventions

CcauseSurrealism

DhaveinfiltratedSurrealism

39.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSuiTealists?

ATheydiminishedalltimebarriersandmoraljudgementstocombinedisconnecteddreamexperiences.

BTheytriedtoexpresstheirsubconsciousworld.

CTheycouldtransformrealexistenceintoincoherentdreams.

DTheywantedtosubstitutedirectexpressionsforfragmentedimages.

4O.Thesentence"Butthishasrarelybeenaonewaystreet."inthelastparagraphmeansthat.

Acontemporaryarthasbeennourishedbymodernscience

Bmodemsciencehasbeennourishedbyart

Cartistscanbecomescientistsandscientistscanbecomeartists

Dtheimpactsofmodernartandscienceareactuallymutual

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitable

onefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyof

thegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

AremotePatagoniantownthat'sjustbeginningtoprosperbyguidingtouriststhroughthevirginforests

nearbyisbeingshakenbytherealizationthatit*ssittingonagoldmine.Literally.

41)______________________________________________________________________

Esquefsplightiswinningattentionfrominternationalconservationandenvironmentalgroupssuchas

Greenpeace.42)___________________________

About3.2millionacresalreadyareundercontractformineralexplorationinpoorandsparselysettled

ChubutProvince,whereEsquelis,nearthesoutherntipofSouthAmerica.

43)________________________________________

Meridian'sproject,about5milesoutsideEsquelatahigherelevation,isabout20milesfromanationalpark

thatpreservesratetreesknownasalerces,asouthernrelativeofCalifornia'sgiantsequoia.Someofthemhave

beengrowingserenelyinthetemperaterainforestformorethan3,000years.

Thegreatestfearisthatcyanide,whichisusedtoleachgoldfromore,willdraindownhillandpoison

Esquel'sandpossiblythepark'swatersupplies.Theminewilluse180tonsofthedeadlychemicaleachmonth.

Althoughmanytownspeopleandsomegeologistsdisagree,thecompanysaysanyexcesscyanidewoulddrain

awayfromEsquel.

"Wewon'tallowthemtotearthingsupandleaveuswiththetoxicaftermath,"saidFelixAguilar,28,ashe

pilotedaboatloadoftouriststhroughalakeintheAlercesNationalPark.'1Wetakecareofthingshere,sothatthe

entireworldcanhearandseenatureinitspurestate.Theworldmusthelpuspreventthis."

44)_____________________________________________________________________________

AyoungEnglishbotanistnamedCharlesDarwin,theauthorofthetheoryofevolution,wasthefirst

Europeantoseealerces,withtrunksthathadacircumferenceof130feet.Hegavethetreeitsgenericname,

Fitzroyacupressoides,forthecaptainofhisship,RobertFitzroy.

Argentina,pressedbytheUnitedStates,Canada,theWorldBankandothergloballenders,rewroteits

mininglawsinthe1990stoencourageforeigninvestment.45)

Argentinatookinmorethan$1billionoverthepastdecadebygrantingexplorationcontractsfbrprecious

metalstomorethan70foreignanddomesticcompanies.Ifthecountryweretoturnawayamajorinvestor,the

messagetoitsminingsectorwouldbechilling.

[A]WhetherMeridianGoldCorp,getsitsopenpitgoldmineoutsideEsquelcoulddeterminethefateof

mininginPatagonia,apristineregionspanningsouthernArgentinaandChile.

[B]ForestecologistPaulAlaback,aUniversityofMontanaprofessorwhostudiesthealerces,saidArgentine

authoritiescouldgainfromAlaska'ssuccessfulnaturebasedtourism.

[C]Morethan3,000worriedEsquelresidentsrecentlytooktothestreetsinprotestsaimedatassuringthat

theirneatcommunityof28,000becomesaecotourismcenter,notagoldrushtown.

[D]AmericanDouglasTomkins,thefounderoftheEspritclothinglineandaprominentglobal

conservationist,hasboughtmorethan800,000wildernessacresinChiletopreservealercesandprotectwhat'sleft

ofthetemperaterainforest.TedTurner,thecommunicationsmagnate,alsohasboughtlandinArgentine

Patagoniawithaneyetoconservation.

[E]ResidentsalsocomplainthatArgentinahasn'tgivennaturebasedtourismachance.

EF]Miningcompaniesreceivedincentivessuchas30yearswithoutnewtaxesanddutyfreeimportsof

earthmovingequipment.

LG]InArgentina,thetownhasbecomeanationalsymbolinthedebateoverexploitationvs.preservationof

thecountry'svastnaturalresources.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslation

shouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Forbetterorworse,multiplemarriagesaren'tjustfbractressElizabethTaylor(renownedfbrhereight

marriages)anymore.

MoreAmericansthaneveraretyingtheknot(gettingmarried)fbrthethirdtimeormore.

LynnY.NaugleHaspel,a53yearoldfamilytherapistinNewOrleans,saysthatpeople'spersonalneeds

anddesiressimplychangesastheirlifeevolves.

"Whatfunctionswellinthefirstpartofourlivesmaynotfunctionwellinthesecondorthirdpartsofour

lives,nsheexplains.Shedidn'tstarthercareerasatherapistuntilherchildrenfromherfirstmarriagewentto

school.Thatmarriagelasted21years,hersecondmarriagefiveyears.Twoyearsago,shewedforathirdtime,and

shedescribesthisunionasan"extremelyeasymarriage".

Today,atanestimatedoneofsevenweddings,thebride,thegroomorbotharemakingthattripdownthe

aisleforatleastthethirdtime.That*stwiceasmanyasagenerationago,accordingtotheUSNationalCentrefor

HealthStatistics.

46)Inpart,thesurgeinmultiplemarriagesisasideeffectofthe1970sdivorceboomthathassuppliedan

everexpandingpoolofdivorcedsingles.Eventhesimplefactthatpeoplearelivinglongerhasopenedthedoor

tomarryingmoreoften.Nofaultdivorcelaws(meaningnooneisblamedforthefailureofthemarriage),and

culturalchangeshavealsomeantthere'slesspeerpressurethaninpastgenerationstostayinajoylessorabusive

marriage.

47)Whileasingledivorcedidn'tblockeitherRonaldReaganorBobDolefromseekingthemosthighly

scrutinizedjobinAmerica-theUSpresidency-modernsocietystillraisesaneyebrowatmorethanone

matrimonialmistake.

Indeed,therearesignsthatattitudesarechanging.Eventhelanguageissoftening.Clinicalpapersinsocial

sciencejournalsnolongerprobefor"neurosis'1ormentaldepressivedisorderamongthe"divorceprone1'.More

andmoremarriagesaresaidto"end,"not"fail,"andoneauthorhascoinedtheterm“encoremarriages".

"It'scomingoutoftheclosetorbecomingmoreaccepted,'*saysGlendaRiley,aBallStateUniversity

professorwhowroteabookonthehistoryofdivorceintheUS.48),There'sstillembarras