.I.ComprehensionB.1.a2.b3.c4.d5.c6.d7.d8.c精品文檔放心下載II.VocabularyA.stridentwatchfulpantingskirtlookedup,peeredmossTheproverbmeansthatifapersonmovesfrequentlyfromplacetoplace,fromjobtojob,hewillnotaccumulatewealth,friends,orsocialties,justasmosswillnotgrowonastonethatneverstayslonginoneplace.感謝閱讀chunkgutturalheraldsresignedly.B.1....theremotionless,...untilitwasoutofsight.感謝閱讀2....womanhobbledalong.謝謝閱讀3....remainedunmoved.Thecrone...,pickingherway.,/Thecronepickedherwaydownthelane.精品文檔放心下載Johnmadeforthedoor...精品文檔放心下載6....sincetheyaresceptical.感謝閱讀Shewasstunnedat......thederisionof......fromthegash...outburstofmirth.C.Whenshesawhimkickingthedog,shecouldnotcontainherselfanylonger.謝謝閱讀AstheoldEnglishproverbgoes,"Outofsight,outofmind."謝謝閱讀Hewentuptoher,smilingingratiatingly.感謝閱讀Theboysmadefortheriverwiththeirbathing/swimmingtrunks.精品文檔放心下載Whenshecameoutcrestfallen,theyallknewthemanagerhadrebukedher.謝謝閱讀Thenoticesaysthatonemustnotgobeyondtheboundary感謝閱讀.withoutaspecialpermit.Thisincidentwas(like)analarmbellfortherestofthechildren/otherchildren.感謝閱讀Hestoodmotionless,blinkingatmefromtimetotime,whichmademerestless.感謝閱讀Althoughitislongpastbed-time,heisreluctanttoturnofftheTV.謝謝閱讀Shetossedherhead,andmadeagrimaceathim./Tossingherhead,shegavehimagrimace.精品文檔放心下載D.a.barbarity2.extremitymaturity4.availabilitycrudity6.humiditydiversity8.divinitybrevity10.Christianityb.dangerous2.poisonousriotous4.courteouserroneous6.mischievous.contemptuous8.impetuousdisastrous10.monstrousE.1....experiencedrainedhimofall...精品文檔放心下載Shebludgeonedmeintodoing...精品文檔放心下載Thecomputerhasawholerangeofapplications./Thecomputercanbeappliedtoawide/broadrangeofuses.感謝閱讀...,asitwere,......,butbyandlarge...精品文檔放心下載III.WordStudyA.Itwashardto/Wecouldhardlycontainourlaughterbecausethejokesweresofunny.感謝閱讀ThebookI'mreadingcontainsmanystoriesbyfamousauthors/writers.謝謝閱讀Sheopenedthecontainerandremoved/tookoutthecontents.謝謝閱讀4.Shehurtherfriend'sfeelingsbynotinviting/failingtoinvitehertotheparty.謝謝閱讀Mywristhurtswhen/wheneverItrytopicksomethingup.謝謝閱讀Hisreputation/namewasbadlyhurtbyfalsestories.謝謝閱讀.Theeditorialappearedintranslation/AtranslationoftheeditorialappearedintheOctober4thissueofBeijingReview.感謝閱讀Heappearstoknowmorethanhereallydoes./Heappearstoknowalot,butdoesnotknowreallysomuch.精品文檔放心下載Don'tjudgebyappearances,becausetheycanbedeceptive/misleading/arenotalwaysreliable.精品文檔放心下載Tradesufferedfromthewar.感謝閱讀Heknewhemustnotsufferselfishnesstotriumphover/prevailover/subduehissenseofresponsibility/ofduty.謝謝閱讀Youcouldseethesufferingon/inthefacesofthepoor,hungrychildren./Fromthelookofthosepoor,hungrychildren,youcanseetheirsufferings.精品文檔放心下載B.exclusiveapplicableobligatorydeliberateexceptional(outstandinglyclever)謝謝閱讀IV.Grammar(numberandconcord)精品文檔放心下載A.1.are.cf.TheKoreansareahard-workingpeople.謝謝閱讀arewasTwounitslinkedby"and"maysometimesbeviewedascombinedintoonewhole,andthenthesingularverbisrightlyused,e.g.精品文檔放心下載Acartandhorsewasseeninthedistance.精品文檔放心下載Therewasacupandsauceronthetable.謝謝閱讀4.seems"Teayearsseems"thatperiodseems."Pluralphrasesofmeasureorquantitymaybeviewedasasingleunit,,e.g.Fivemileswas(=Thatdistancewas)asfarastheywentthatday.精品文檔放心下載Fivepoundsdoesn't(=Thatamountdoesn't)buyasmuchasitusedto.謝謝閱讀Notethatinthelastexampleweusethepronoun"it."謝謝閱讀amwasThewaterwasgone.Compare:感謝閱讀Thetownhasoftensufferedfromflooding,andthisyearnearlyhalfisunderwater(thetownisunderwater).謝謝閱讀Abouthalfofthechildrenwereseverelyundernourished(the感謝閱讀.childrenwereundernourished).感謝閱讀wereare,theirhandsconsistscf.LessonEleven,NotestotheText,3;ExercisIVA.感謝閱讀wasis"Thiskindofbooks"meansthesameas"thiskindofbook,"becauseweareonlyinterestedinthe"type,"andnolongerconcernedwhetheritisonebookormorethanone.After"thiskindof..."weusethesingularverb,e.g.感謝閱讀Thiskindofman/menannoysme.感謝閱讀Butifwerephrasethesentencetoexpresstheideaofplurality,謝謝閱讀apluralverbmaybeused,e.g.精品文檔放心下載Booksofthiskindareinteresting.謝謝閱讀12.are"These/thosekindof+pluralnoun,"thoughnotsoacceptabletosomegrammarians,iscommoninspeechandfollowedbyapluralverb,e.g.謝謝閱讀Thesekindofcigarettesaretremendouslyexpensive."Thesekindofbooks"canberephrased,withoutchangeinmeaning,感謝閱讀.intoanyofthefollowingmoreacceptablewaysofexpression:thiskindofbook(s)/thesekindsofbook(s)/booksofthiskind/bookslikethis/suchbooks.精品文檔放心下載ishavereadThefocusisonthegroup.SomestudentshavereadthebookandJohnisoneofthem.精品文檔放心下載15.hasreadThefocusisontheindividual.0nlyJohnhasreadthebook.謝謝閱讀areiswasB.1.d"They(them,their)"isoftenused,especiallyinspeechtoreferto"everybody,""somebody,""no-body,"orothersimilarsingularwords,e.g.謝謝閱讀Ifanybodycalls,tellthemI'mout.精品文檔放心下載Everyonethinksthey'rethecenteroftheuniverse.精品文檔放心下載Everybodyhasarrived,haven'tthey?精品文檔放心下載Thiscanavoidusingsuchclumsyexpressionsas"...hasn'theorshe?"謝謝閱讀.2.a/bWhen"turn"means"become,"thepredicativenountakeszeroarticle,e.g.謝謝閱讀Hewasamedicalstudentbeforeheturnedwriter.感謝閱讀Whenthesubjectisplural,thepredicativenounismoreoftensingularthanplural,e.g.感謝閱讀Bothsistersturnedmusician(s).精品文檔放心下載ba/b/c/dInaninformalstyle,itispossibletouse"thereis"beforepluralnounphraseswhenweregard"there"asthesubjectofthesentence,e.g.感謝閱讀There'ssomechildrenatthedoor.感謝閱讀5.dThespeakersupposesthereareseveralkindsofpeartreeandisaskingwhattheyare.cf.謝謝閱讀Whatkindofpeartreeflourishesbest...?(Hehasonlyonekindinmind.)謝謝閱讀6.a/cTheverbagreeswiththenounafter"loadsof,"e.g.精品文檔放心下載.Loadsofbigappleswereontheground.精品文檔放心下載"Gotowaste"means"bewasted."精品文檔放心下載7.a/b"Hiswifeandsecretary"canrefertotheoneandsameperson,butnotnecessarily."His"canbeomittedbefore"secretary."精品文檔放心下載8.c"Butter"isimpliedafter"good."cf.謝謝閱讀Boththeimmatureandtheprecociousstudentneedindividualattention(thereisa"student"omittedafter"immature").感謝閱讀9.a"Whiskyandsoda"isonekindofdrinkwhichisaconcoctionofwhiskyandsoda.cf.謝謝閱讀Breadandbutter(=breadspreadwithbutter)isallthatis感謝閱讀providedwiththetea.But:Breadandbutter(=bothbreadandbutter)aresoldintheshoponthecorner.謝謝閱讀10.a/b/c/d"None"isfollowedbyeitherasingularorpluralverbassense感謝閱讀.requires.Onlythesingulariscorrectin:感謝閱讀Thecompanyhasorderedmorecoal,butnoneofthecoalhasyetarrived(thecoalhasnotyetarrived)Thepluraliscorrectin:感謝閱讀Noneoftheworkersinthisfactoryhavegoneonstrike(Alltheworkersdonotgoonstrike).感謝閱讀Inthislastsentencehowever,thesingularverbwouldalsobecorrect,since"noneoftheworkers"canbeviewedasequivalenttothesingular:Notonehas感謝閱讀goneonstrike.Thechoicemayalsobegovernedbyotherfactors,asin:精品文檔放心下載NoneofthemisthemanImetthismorning(Imetonemanonly)精品文檔放心下載Noneofthemembershavepaidtheirsubscriptions(toavoidsaying"hisorhersubscription").謝謝閱讀Wherethechoiceisfree,thepluralismorecommon.謝謝閱讀C.is(ThethingIwantistwobooks.)/are(WhatIwantisnotonebook.)感謝閱讀When"what"canbeinterpretedeitheras"thethingthat"oras"thethingsthat,"thefollowingverbcanaccordinglybeeithersingularorplural,e.g.感謝閱讀.Whatheenjoysis/aregeographyandFrench.感謝閱讀Traditionallyhowever,thesingularverbhasbeenfavouredin精品文檔放心下載suchcases.Onlythesingularverbispossibleinsentenceslike:感謝閱讀Whathurtsismyleftleg.謝謝閱讀WhatI'dlikeisadigitalwatch.精品文檔放心下載has,its(Thepromisesweremadebythecommitteecollectively.)/have,their(Itispossibleeachmember,ofthecommitteemadetheirownpromises.)感謝閱讀makes/makedeserveThisisadifferentcasefromB/10,above,becauseitisaquotationfromthe17thcenturyEnglishpoetJohnDryden,andassuch,itswordingisnottobereadilychanged.Infact,"nonebut"hascometobetreatedasonewordmeaning"only",leaving"thebrave"inthepositionofthesubjectwhichnaturallyrequiresapluralverb.Herearemoreexamples:謝謝閱讀Nonebutfoolsare/Nonebutafoolisinterestedinsuchthings.感謝閱讀Nonebutthebestcoffeeistomytaste.精品文檔放心下載Thequotation(nowaproverb)means:Onlybravemendeservebeautifulwomen.感謝閱讀5.have(cf.A,6).6.isThatisasinglerosewhichhasabitofwhiteandabitofblue精品文檔放心下載onit.cf.Thewhiteandbluerosesare....感謝閱讀is(cf.A,4)isAlthough"morethanone"ispluralinmeaning,thegrammaticalsubjectis"onestudent."Thesingularverbisthereforecorrectin:感謝閱讀Nothanonepersonwasinjuredintheaccident.感謝閱讀ishasare(=WhatIsayandwhatIthinkare...謝謝閱讀isThetwoareinseparable.Moreexamples:謝謝閱讀Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.感謝閱讀We'reatthebeginningofaperiodinwhichrealnegotiationandcompromiseispossible(HenryKissinger).感謝閱讀areis,isis(=Eachmanandwoman...)精品文檔放心下載Linkedunitsintroducedby"each"or"every"requireasingular謝謝閱讀.verb,because"each"and"every"focusontheindividualunitsseparately,eg.精品文檔放心下載Eachroomand(each)corridorinthebuildinghasbeenpaintedinthesamecolor.感謝閱讀Everymanand(every)womanisrequiredtocompletetwoyearsofnationalservice.精品文檔放心下載is(cf.16)is/areconsistsknows/know(cf.B,10)VII.ComprehensiveExercises精品文檔放心下載A.Thegroundhoghumorouslyreferredtoas"Pete"inthepassage,isalargerodentwithaheavysetbodyandcoarse,brownishfur,foundthroughoutmostofCanadaandtheNortheastU.S.February2isobservedintheU.S.andCanadaasGroundhogDay,foronthi