考點09介詞接關系代詞用法+高考重點詞匯積累+長難句分析核心考點梳理高考重點詞匯積累核心單詞1.motivationn. (做事的)動機2.journalistn. 記者，新聞工作者3..nationalityn. 國籍4.monumentn. 紀念碑，紀念物5.justicen. 正義；公正；司法6.keenadj. 熱心的；敏銳的；激烈的7.moraladj. 道德上的，道義上的，道德的8.murdervt. 謀殺9.insurevt. 給……投保10.obviousadj. 明顯的，顯然的，顯而易見的11.nativeadj. 本土的，本國的12.instrumentn. 樂器；工具，器械13.occupationn. 職業；工作；占有，擁有14.leisuren. 空閑時間，閑暇；休閑15.librariann. 圖書管理員；(西方的)圖書館館長n. [C]許可證，執照17.neglectvt. 忽視，忽略；疏忽18.literaturen. 文學19.negotiatevt.&vi. 協商，談判，商定20.initialadj. 開始的，最初的21.luggagen. (總稱)行李22.inspectvt. 檢查；視察；檢閱23.maintainvt. 維持；維修，保養；堅持24.majorityn. 多數，大多數25.individualadj. 單獨的，個別的；獨特的n. 個人(體)重點短語holdback 阻礙，隱瞞，控制(情感)holdon 堅持；(電話用語)別掛斷holdonto 堅持；抓住不放holdout 伸出；堅持，維持holdup 舉起；支撐；阻擋，使停頓infavorof 贊成；支持inmemoryof 為了紀念inhonorof 為了紀念inneedof 需要inpossessionof 擁有intermsof 依據，按照inpraiseof 稱贊；贊頌incidentn. 事件；事變have/gainanadvantageover有超出……的優勢take(full)advantageof (充分)利用toone’sadvantage/totheadvantageofsb 對某人有利holdone’sbreath 屏住氣；屏息takeadeepbreath＝breathedeeply 深呼吸loseone’sbreath 喘不過氣來catchone’sbreath 喘口氣；歇口氣；恢復正常呼吸二、高考閱讀理解長難句分析41.Atthattime,therewererestrictionsonthemovementofEuropeansandso,inordertotravelunnoticed,hedevelopedhisfluencyinChineseanddressedasaChineseman,evenshavinghisheadintheChinesestyle.【句式翻譯】那時候，歐洲人在中國的活動受到種種限制，因此為了在旅行時不引起別人注意，他努力使自己的漢語講得很流利，并且穿著中國人的服裝，甚至像中國人一樣削發（留辮）。【句式分析】本句是復合句,so引導結果狀語從句，unnoticed和shaving作狀語。【詞語點撥】1）restrictionn.限制Theparkisopentothepublicwithoutrestriction.這個公園對公眾開放,沒有任何限制。Thereisnorestrictiononthenumberofpeople.人數不限。2)dressv.打扮；穿衣n.衣服；禮服；dress后常接sb/oneself，不接衣服作賓語；構成短語：bedressedin…穿著……Fatherdressedupasaclowntomakechildrenlaugh.為了逗孩子們笑，爸爸裝扮成小丑。Shehurriedlydressedhersonanddrovehimtoschool.她匆忙地給兒子穿上衣服，開車送他到學校。Ifeelawkwardaseveryoneexceptmeisineveningdress.我感到很尷尬，因為除了我，誰都穿了夜禮服。Angelsareusuallyshowninpicturesdressedinwhite.圖畫中的天使通常身穿白衣。【語法點撥】1）現在分詞作狀語，具體用法參見第26句。2）過去分詞作狀語：=1\*GB3①過去分詞作狀語時，常表示被動和完成，此時分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。表示時間、條件、原因、讓步時可轉換為相應的狀語從句；表示方式、結果和伴隨時可轉化為并列分句。如：Myfathersatquietlyonthecouch,lostinthought(=andhewaslostinthought).我父親靜靜地坐在沙發上，沉浸在思索之中。Looked(=Ifitislooked)atadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful.隔著一段距離看，這幅畫似乎要漂亮得多。=2\*GB3②有些分詞作狀語，沒有邏輯上的主語，已成為習慣用法：given（考慮到，如果）,providedthat（如果）,comparedwith/to等。Ourgreenhouseisnothingcomparedwithyours.我們這個溫室比起你們那個簡直是小巫見大巫。Iwillagreetogoprovided/providing(that)myexpensesarepaid.假如為我負擔費用，我就同意去。42.Braveyoungmentooktheopportunityofgoingonbotanicalexpeditions,oftenfacingmanydangersincludingdisease,near-starvation,severeenvironmentsandconflictswiththelocalpeople.【句式翻譯】勇敢的年輕人借機進行植物探索活動，他們常常面臨許多危險，包括疾病、饑餓、嚴酷的環境以及同當地居民的沖突。【句式分析】本句是簡單句，facingmanydangers…在句中作狀語。【詞語點撥】includingprep.包含includev.包含Therearetenpeopleinthisofficeincludingme.這個辦公室連我共有10人。Thisbookincludessomeinformationyouneed.這本書包括你需要的一些信息。【語法點撥】現在分詞作狀語，具體用法參見第26句。43.Aconsumercancomplaintotheorganization,givingreasonsfortheircomplaint,andifthecomplaintiscorrect,theorganizationcanmakethecompanystopusingtheoffendingadvertisement.【句式翻譯】消費者可以向這個機構投訴，提出投訴的理由，如果投訴是正確的，該機構可以責令該公司停止使用這種令人不愉快的廣告。【句式分析】本句是復合句，if引導條件狀語從句，givingreasons…作狀語，using…作賓語。【詞語點撥】complaintn.抱怨；投訴complain是其動詞形式Theworkeracceptedhisdismissalwithoutanycomplaint.那個工人毫無怨言地接受解雇。Shemadeacomplaintaboutthenoise.她就噪音問題提出了投訴。Shewrotealettertoherlocalnewspapertocomplainaboutthenewroad.她給當地的報紙寫了一封信，抱怨新修的馬路。【語法點撥】1）現在分詞作狀語，具體用法參見第26句。2）doing作賓語，具體用法參見第31句。44.Innotime,theDelMonteGoldtookthemarketbystorm,rapidlybecomingtheworld’sbest-sellingpineapplevariety,anddeliveringnaturallevelsofsweetnessinthemouth,upuntilthenonlyfoundintinnedpineapple.【句式翻譯】德爾蒙金菠蘿立刻占有了市場，很快成為世界上銷售最好的菠蘿，吃到嘴里有一種天然的甜味，在那之前，只有罐裝菠蘿才有這種味兒。【句式分析】本句是簡單句，becoming和delivering在句中作狀語，tinned作定語。【詞語點撥】1)innotime立刻，馬上Clothingseemstowearoutinnotimenowadays.現在的衣服好像很快就穿破了。2）varietyn.種類；多樣性Thehoteloffersitsguestsawidevarietyofamusements.

這個旅館為住客提供了各種各樣的娛樂活動。Mylastjoblackedvariety;Iwasdoingthesamethingsallthetime.我上次的一份工作缺乏多樣化,我老是在做同樣的事情。3）deliverv.遞送；發表（演說等）ThenewspaperisdeliveredtomyschooleveryTuesday.每周二報紙被送到我的學校。Mr.SmithwilldeliveraspeechonEnglishlearningthisFriday.本周五史密斯先生要做一個關于英語學習的演講。4）take…bystorm強攻；使大為轟動Thenewswilltakethepublicbystorm.這個消息將會令公眾大吃一驚的。ThegroupofyoungmusicianstookEuropebystorm.一群年輕的音樂家使整個歐洲為之傾倒。【語法點撥】1）現在分詞作狀語，具體用法參見第26句。2）過去分詞done作定語：過去分詞作定語表示被動和完成意義，相當于一個被動語態的定語從句。單個分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞之前，分詞短語作定語一般放在被修飾詞之后。如：Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital。受傷的工人現正在醫院受到良好的照料。Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他們正在打掃院子里的落葉。Thescientistsinvited(=whowereinvited)tothemeetingarefromdevelopingcountries.被邀請參加會議的科學家來自發展中國家。45.Shaydidn’tmakeittoanothersummeranddiedthatwinter,havingneverforgottenbeingtheheroandmakinghisfathersohappyandcominghomeandseeinghismothertearfullyhugherlittleherooftheday!【句式翻譯】Shay在那一年的冬天死了，沒有活到第二年的夏天，他永遠也忘不掉自己當英雄以及讓自己的爸爸如此高興，忘不掉跑回家看到含淚的媽媽抱住這個小英雄的場景。【句式分析】本句是簡單句，didn’tmakeit和died是并列的謂語動詞，havingneverforgotten作狀語，beingthehero,makinghisfather…,cominghome,和seeing...是并列的賓語。【詞語點撥】1)makeit(to)及時到達；成功；約定時間It'shardtomakeittothetopintheshowbusiness.想在演藝圈出人頭地，實非易事。Ican'tmakeittodinnertonight;but,canItakearaincheck?今天晚上我不能去吃晚飯,但是我們改天再吃好嗎?Makeitanytimethatsuitsyou;I’malwaysfree.我反正有空，就你的時間吧。“介詞＋關系代詞”用法“介詞+關系代詞”可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。我們可以從下面幾點掌握其用法。關系代詞前的介詞定位1．介詞與先行詞是固定搭配IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoschool.(onwhich=ontheday)ThecompanyinwhichIonceworkedhaschangedmuch.(inwhich=inthecompany)2．介詞與從句中的動詞是固定搭配Heisamanofgreatknowledge,fromwhommuchcanbelearned.(learnsth.fromsb.)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosb.forhelp)3．介詞與從句中的形容詞是固定搭配Chinaisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichwearegreatlyproud.(beproudof)Theteachertalkedaboutsomesubjectsinwhichthestudentswereinterested.(beinterestedin)4．有時介詞的選擇根據其與which后的名詞之間的固定搭配而定Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.(inwhichcase=inthatcase)Callmeatsixo’clock,bywhichtimeIshouldgetup.(bywhichtime=bythetime)“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句的表現形式1．“介詞+which/whom”引導They’rethecompanionswithwhomIusedtogotoschoolwhenIwasyoung.In2004OlympicGamestheChineseteamgot32goldmedals,ofwhich19werewonbywomen.2．“介詞短語+which/whom”引導Wevisitedalargecompanytheotherday,infrontofwhichlayasmallriver.Henrytookaphotoofthestudents,inthemiddleofwhomsattheirEnglishteacher.3．“名詞（代詞、數詞或形容詞最高級）+of+which/whom”引導Acompasshasaneedle,theendsofwhichalwayspointnorthandsouth.Ouruniversityhasmanylaboratories,thelargestofwhichwasbuiltlastyear.Thebodyismadeofalargenumberoforgans,eachofwhichhasitsparticularfunction.4．“介詞+whose+名詞”引導Theboss,inwhosecompanyIwork,isverykind-heartedandhelpful.“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句還應注意以下問題1．“介詞+關系代詞”結構中的關系代詞不能用that。2．含有介詞的動詞短語不能拆開，即不能轉化成“介詞+關系代詞”結構，介詞仍放在動詞的后面。如：

Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(不可說“…afterwhomthenursesarelooking”)3．fromwhere有時也可以用來引導定語從句。Hisheadsoonappearedoutofoneofthesecondstoreywindow,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.“介詞＋關系代詞”在意義上相當于where，when，why等關系副詞。很多情況下，關系副詞可用“介詞＋which/whom”來代替，其中的介詞由先行詞或定語從句中謂語動詞的形式來決定(where=in/onwhich；when=on/in/atwhich；why=forwhich)。Thehousewhere(=inwhich)Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstmetJennifer.Doyouknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)herefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.當堂知識檢測一、單項選擇1．Intheexams,makesurethateverythingyouwriteisrelevant________thequestionsyouhavebeenasked.A．from B．of C．to D．with2．________healthexperts’beliefthatgivingpeopleaccesstotheirhealthdatawillinspirethemtoeatbetterandexercisemore,there’sevidence________theirpromiseisn’tquitepayingoff.A．Despiteof;/ B．Despite;that C．Though;that D．Inspiteof;for3．ChinastrengtheningfriendshipandcooperationwithothercountriestheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence.A．iscommittedto;basingon B．iscommittedto;onthebasisofC．commitsto;basingon D．commitsto;onthebasisof4．theemphasisonhowactorsmove,Kunoperasdon’tnormallyhavecomplicatedstagesets.A．Despite B．Given C．Asfor D．Regardlessof5．Jonesyusuallywinswhenthetwosistersplaytennis,butinlastnight’smatch,Sueputhereldersisterinthe.A．shade B．conflict C．violence D．invasion6．Theexperimentwasmadeonthe________thatairoccupiesspace.A．reason B．purpose C．assumption D．goal7．It______todoexercisesinthemorningforourhealth,whichwas_______whatProfessorLisaidinhisletter.A．makessense;incorrespondencewith B．makeasense;correspondtoC．makesthesense;correspondwith D．makessense;withcorrespondenceto8．______thatthisisaholiday,itisnotasurprisethattheparksarecrowded.A．Togive B．Giving C．Havinggiven D．Given9．Tobehonest,thisbookisworthyof________.A．beingread B．beread C．reading D．bereading10．Opportunitiesandsuccesstendtobe_______thosewhoareprepared.A．infavorof B．inneedof C．inhonorof D．incontrolof11．Howmuchshouldweputfaith________anti-ageingproducts?A．to B．with C．in D．for12．Thepolicehavesearchedforthelostchildforafortnight,but_______.A．invainB．inturnC．intimeD．inorder13．Mikehasadesire______successbuthesuffersfromalack______confidence.A．for;of B．to;with C．at;in D．over;by14．Theplansweredrawnup________consultation________theWorldHealthOrganization.A．in,with B．in,inC．under,with D．In,over15．Itisunfairforthechildren_______theInternetifyouonlyprovideonlinecourses.A．withoutaccesstoB．incontrolofC．intheactofD．alongthelinesof16．Shewilltalkontheissuesshecarespassionately_________educationandnurserycare.A．toinclude B．including C．included D．aboutincluding17．Jane'sfatherencouragedhertomakefriendshernewclassmates.A．to B．for C．on D．with18．Drunkdriving,causinggreatdamage________ahighrateintrafficaccident,isamajorconcern,________weeachshouldpayspecialattentionto.A．in;that B．in;which C．at;one D．at;that19．AccordingtoWuGuanzhong,hisgoalasanartistwas______Westernprinciplesofart______Chinesespirit.A．tocombine;with B．tocombine;toC．combining;with D．combining;to20．Myownproblemsseeminsignificant_________withotherpeople’s.A．forcomparison B．comparing C．havingcomparing D．bycomparison21．Clairetriedtohelpbyworkingonalightsuspended_________theceiling.A．from B．with C．in D．to22．Thecoldnessand________inhervoicetookme________surprise.A．distance；by B．distant；in C．distant；on D．distance，in23．________travelbyplanealltheway,theydecidedtoflytoGuangzhouandthen________thetraintoBeijing.A．Ratherthan;took B．Morethan;takeC．Ratherthan;take D．Morethan;took24．—WhyamIsoslowatdoingtheclozetest?—Iguessyoudidn’trealizetheusethecontexts.A．youshouldhavemadeof B．youmusthavemadefromC．fromwhichyoucouldhavemade D．outofwhichyouneedmake25．Wemustbeconsistentimplementingtherulesthatareconsistentthenationalinterest.A．in...in B．in...with C．with...with D．with...in二、根據漢語意思填寫單詞26．Thehuntertriedto______(逃離)fromtheforest,buthelosthisway.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)27．Althoughstartedasanunderdogfortheelection,thenewpresident________(最終)wonwith52percentofthevote.（根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）28．Luckily,hewasabletorecoverafteraseriesof________(手術).(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)29．Thispieceof

______(設備)isanexcitingnewdevelopment.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)30．Thegreat______(大多數)ofpeopleseemtoagreewiththisview.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)31．Insummervacationwecandoapart-timejob,whichcanbringusboth________(收入)andworkingexperience.（根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）32．Studentswere______________(抗議)atovercrowdingintheuniversitydorms.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)33．Heisbusyfillinginthe______(申請)formnow.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)34．Thenewtaxsystemwouldbe________(計算)onthevalueofpropertyownedbyanindividual.(根據漢語提示拼寫單詞)三、根據首字母填寫單詞35．Tagore’spoetryhasbeentranslatedintomanyv________allovertheworld.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)36．Indesperation,Mrs.Joneshadano________onherrightkneetorelievethepain.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)四、根據中英文提示填寫單詞37．Look!ThosestudentsfromChongqingNo.1SecondarySchoolareextraordinarilye________(精力充沛的)eveninthisEnglishexam.（根據中英文提示填空）38．Thisyear’ssalesfiguresgob______(超出)alltheirexpectations.(根據中英文提示單詞拼寫)39．Thiscourseisdevelopedforc________(創造性的)thinking.(根據中英文提示填空)40．Intheeventofdifficulties,pleasedonoth__________(猶豫)tocontactourCustomerServiceDepartment.(根據中英文提示填空)課后鞏固提高五、漢譯英（整句）41．這位教練既對孩子們要求嚴格，也不遺余力地呵護著他們對足球的熱愛。(effort)(漢譯英)42．現在很常見地看到廣告用專家的圖片、文字，向人們展示產品有多棒。(漢譯英)43．人們普遍認為，情商高的人易接受新思想，對待生活積極樂觀。(漢譯英)44．多數當地人靠捕獵鯨魚勉強維生，他們對教育的需求日益增長，盼著能提高生活水平。(demand)(漢譯英)45．譚盾為牡丹亭(ThePeonyPavilion)創作新舞美，注入新生命，因而它兩年的演出座無虛席。(which)(漢譯英)46．如何改革僵化局限的教育項目，構建靈活創新的課程體系，體現學校對學生的現實意義是教育家們最為關注的問題之一。(concern)(漢譯英)47．我已經下定決心要全力幫助你學習英語。（commit,thoroughly）（漢譯英）48．瑪麗已經縱情于閱讀小說一整個上午。(abandon)(漢譯英)49．近十年，旅游業迅猛發展，這對青藏高原的生物多樣性已經產生了不良影響。(impact)(漢譯英)50．時近傍晚，附近村民紛紛施以援手，加快正在進行的救援。(reach)(漢譯英)51．他退休已經八年了，可熱心公益的他總是閑不住，三天兩頭去參加街頭善款募集。(It)(漢譯英)52．直到生病他才意識到不吃早飯的危害性。(It…notuntil…)（漢譯英）53．誰該為昨晚發生的事故負責呢？(blame)（漢譯英）54．看到那些人以犧牲生命為代價解救受困群眾，我突然明白中華民族為什么會長盛不衰。(It)（漢譯英）55．面對滬語的日漸式微，當代青少年傾向于選擇新媒體而非傳統傳播渠道，來履行保護地方語言和傳承海派文化的責任。(lean)(漢譯英)六、閱讀理解AustralianfilmstarHughJackmanexplainshowhisnowfilm,TheSon,haschangedhim,whichiscriticaltohislife.Jackmanhasneverfullymanagedacharacterlikehisnowfilm,TheSon.Itisbasedona2018playbyFlorianZeller,whopreviouslyenteredthefilmindustrywithanotherwork,TheFather.WhilethisinvolvesAlzheimer’s,itlooksatanothermentalhealthissue.JackmanplaysPeter,aworkaholicdivorceewhoseworldfallsapartwhenhisadolescentsonbeginstosufferfromdepression.Jackman’sperformancedeservesasecondOscarnominationinhiscareer.“IthinkwhatinterestsmemostaboutPeteristhatit’simportantforhimtofeellikeastrongandcapableperson,”Jackmansaid.“Andthatmakesitharderforhimtoadmitthatmaybehe’snotequippedandmaybehedoesn’tknowwhattodo.Someoftheguiltofleavinghome,whichisnotresolved,makeshimmoredeterminedtobetheonewhocansolvetheproblem,tosavehisson—tobeafatherwhosefatherisnot.”TosaythatthefilmgoesdeepintoJackman’sskinisanunderstatement.“Ithinkitstillworksinmebecausewetalkaboutit,reliveitandunderstandit,”headmitted.“WhenIwatchit,Ifindmyselfveryemotional.I’mnotjusttalkingaboutstories.Ithinkit’saprocessthatrequiresajotoftrustandrevelation(揭露).”Jackmanadmitsthefilmchangedhisattitudetowardsmentalhealth.Hebeganreceivingtreatmentduringfilming—anindoorcleanupthatmostmiddle—agedpeoplecanprobablydo.Italsoreshapedhisownrelationshipwithhischildren.Jackmanandhiswifeadoptedason,Oscar(now22)anddaughter,Ava(17).“I’venotbeenthesamesinceImadethisfilm,”hesaid.“I’mmoreopenaboutmyweaknesswiththem,withmykids.”56．WhatcanwelearnaboutJackmanaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Heisaworkaholicdivorce.B．Hissonsuffersfromdepression.C．HeenteredthefilmindustrywithTheFather.D．HecompletelyhandledthecharacterinTheSon.57．WhydoesJackmanfeelinterestedaboutthecharacterPeter?A．BecausethecharacterPeterisstrongandcapable.B．BecausethecharacterPetersuffersinnerstruggle.C．BecausethecharacterPetercanhelphimwinanOscarnomination.D．BecauselikethecharacterPeter,heisalsoguiltyofleavinghome.58．Howdidthefilm,TheSon,influenceJackman?A．Hepaidmoreattentiontohisownmentalhealth.B．Hespentmoretimeonthecleaningofhishome.C．Hedecidedtoadoptasonandadaughter.D．Hecouldaccepthischildren’sweaknessbetter.59．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Asciencereport. B．Amuseumguide.C．Anentertainmentmagazine. D．Ahistorytextbook.LookatyourmodernTV,andyouseenothinglessthanatechnologicalmiracle.Scientistsbeganexperimentingwiththeconceptoftelevisionmorethanacenturyago.Butdecadeswouldpassbeforeitwasbroughttothepublicatthe1939World’sFair.MoretimepassedbeforeTVsetswereinstores—andeventhen,ittookawhileuntilmostpeoplehadone.Duringthe1950s,TVswereexpensive,screensweresmallandthepicturewasn’talwaysclear.Moreover,earlyprogramswereinblackandwhite;colorwasn’tinwideuseuntilthemid-1960s.Viewersdidn’thavealotofchoice,either.Insteadofhundredsofchannelstochoosefrom,mostcitiesofferedonlythreeorfour.EarlyTVsworkedwiththeuseofanalog(模擬的)signals.