Unit12."Don'tquityourdayjob!"isadvicefrequentlygivenbyunderstandablypessimisticfamilymembersandfriendstoabuddingartistwhoistryinghardtosucceed.Theconquestoffameisdifficultatbest,andmanyendupemotionallyifnotfinanciallybankrupt.Still,impuremotivessuchasthedesireforworshippingfansandpraisefrompeersmayspurtheartiston.Thelureofdrowninginfame'simperialgloryisnoteasilyresisted.對(duì)一名正努力追求成功并剛剛嶄露頭角的藝術(shù)家，其親朋常常會(huì)建議“正經(jīng)的飯碗不能丟！”他們的擔(dān)心不無道理。追求出人頭地，最樂觀地說也困難重重，許多人到最后即使不是窮困潦倒，也是幾近精神崩潰。盡管如此，希望贏得追星族追捧和同行贊揚(yáng)之類的不太純潔的動(dòng)機(jī)卻在激勵(lì)著他們向前。享受成功的無上光榮，這種誘惑不是能輕易抵擋的。7.Curiouslyenough,itisthosewhofailthatreapthegreatestreward:freedom!Theyenjoythefreedomtoexpressthemselvesinuniqueandoriginalwayswithoutfearoflosingthesupportoffans.Failedartistsmayfindcomfortinknowingthatmanygreatartistsneverfoundfameuntilwellaftertheyhadpassedawayorinknowingthattheydidnotsellout.Theymayjustifytheirfailurebyconvincingthemselvestheirgeniusistoosophisticatedforcontemporaryaudiences.奇怪的是，收獲最大的恰恰是失敗者。他們收獲了自由！他們可以自由地表達(dá)，獨(dú)辟蹊徑，不落窠臼，不用擔(dān)心失去崇拜者的支持。失敗的藝術(shù)家尋求安慰時(shí)，可以想想許多偉大的藝術(shù)家都是過世多年以后才成名，或是他們沒有出賣自己。他們也可以為自己的失敗辯解：自己的才華實(shí)在過于高深，不是當(dāng)代聽眾或觀眾所理解得了的。9.Isaytothosewhodesperatelyseekfameandfortune:goodluck.Butalas,youmayfindthatitwasnotwhatyouwanted.Thedogwhocatcheshistaildiscoversthatitisonlyatail.Thepersonwhoachievessuccessoftendiscoversthatitdoesmoreharmthangood.Soinsteadoftryingsohardtoachievesuccess,trytobehappywithwhoyouareandwhatyoudo.Trytodoworkthatyoucanbeproudof.Maybeyouwon'tbefamousinyourownlifetime,butyoumaycreatebetterart.對(duì)那些孤注一擲的追名逐利之徒，我要說：祝你們好運(yùn)。但是，遺憾的是，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這不是你想得到的。狗自逐其尾所得到的只是一條尾巴而已。獲得成功的人常常發(fā)現(xiàn)成功對(duì)他來說弊大于利。所以要為真實(shí)的你、為自己的所為感到高興，而不是拼命去獲得成功。做那些你為之感到驕傲的事情。可能在有生之年你默默無聞，但你可能創(chuàng)作了更好的藝術(shù)。Unit25.Hewasanimmenselytalentedman,determinedtoadegreeunusualevenintheranksofHollywoodstars.Hishugefamegavehimthefreedom—and,moreimportantly,themoney—tobehisownmaster.Healreadyhadtheurgetoexploreandextendatalenthediscoveredinhimselfashewentalong."Itcan'tbeme.Isthatpossible?Howextraordinary,"ishowhegreetedthefirstsightofhimselfastheTramponthescreen.他是一個(gè)才能非凡的人，他的決心之大甚至在好萊塢明星中也十分少見。他的巨大名聲為他帶來了自由，更重要的是帶來了財(cái)富，他因此得以成為自己的主人。在事業(yè)發(fā)展之初，他就感到一種沖動(dòng)要去發(fā)掘并擴(kuò)展自己身上所顯露的天才。當(dāng)他第一次在銀幕上看到自己扮演的“流浪漢”時(shí)，他說：“這不可能是我。那可能嗎？瞧這角色多么與眾不同啊！”7.Healsohadadeepneedtobeloved—andacorrespondingfearofbeingbetrayed.Thetwowerehardtocombineandsometimes—asinhisearlymarriages—thecollisionbetweenthemresultedindisaster.Yeteventhispainfully-boughtself-knowledgefounditswayintohiscomiccreations.TheTrampneverloseshisfaithintheflowergirlwho'llbewaitingtowalkintothesunsetwithhim;whiletheothersideofChaplinmakesMonsieurVerdoux,theFrenchwifekiller,intoasymbolofhatredforwomen.他也深切地渴望被愛，同時(shí)也害怕遭到背叛。這兩者很難結(jié)合在一起，有時(shí)這種沖突導(dǎo)致了災(zāi)難，就像他早期的幾次婚姻那樣。然而即使是這種以沉重代價(jià)換來的自知之明也在他的喜劇創(chuàng)作中得到了表現(xiàn)。“流浪漢”始終沒有失去對(duì)賣花女的信心，相信她正等待著與自己共同走進(jìn)夕陽(yáng)之中；而卓別林的另一面使他的凡爾杜先生，一個(gè)殺了妻子的法國(guó)人，成為了仇恨女人的象征。Unit3Awelfareclientissupposedtocheat.Everybodyexpectsit.Facedwithsharingadinnerofrawpetfoodwiththecat,manypeopleinwheelchairsIknowbleedthesystemforafewextradollars.Theytellthegovernmentthattheyaregettingtwohundreddollarslessthantheirrealpensionsotheycangetalittleextrawelfaremoney.Or,theytellthecaseworkerthatthelandlordraisedtherentbyahundreddollars.人人都覺得福利救濟(jì)對(duì)象是在騙人。當(dāng)我認(rèn)識(shí)的許多坐輪椅的人面臨與寵物貓分吃生貓食的窘境時(shí)，都會(huì)向福利機(jī)構(gòu)多騙取一些錢。為了能領(lǐng)到一點(diǎn)額外的福利款，他們告訴政府說他們實(shí)際上少拿了200美元的養(yǎng)老金，或告訴社會(huì)工作者，說房東又將房租漲了100美元。14.Thereisnoprovisioninthelawforagradualshiftawayfromwelfare.Iamanindependentbusinessman,slowlybuildingupmymarket.It'simpossibletojumpoffwelfareandsuddenlybemakingtwothousanddollarsamonth.ButIwouldlovetobeabletopayforsomeofmylivingandnothavetogothroughanembarrassingsituationeverytimeIneedasparepartformywheelchair.如何逐漸脫離福利照顧，這在法律條款中沒有明確規(guī)定。我是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的生意人，正在慢慢建立起自己的市場(chǎng)。要脫離福利救濟(jì)，一下子每月掙2，000美元是不可能的。但我很想自己負(fù)擔(dān)部分生活費(fèi)用，不必在每次需要為輪椅買點(diǎn)配件時(shí)都去尷尬地求人。15.Thereneedstobealawyerwhocanactasachampionfortherightsofwelfareclients,becausethesystemsoeasilylendsitselftoabusebythewelfaregiversaswellasbytheclients.WelfaresentSuzannetolookaroundinmyapartmenttheotherdaybecausethechemistsaidIwasusingalargerthanusualamountofmedicalsupplies.Iwas,indeed:Theholethathasbeensurgicallycuttodrainurinehadchangedsizeandtheconnectiontomyurinebagwasleaking.真需要有一位律師來捍衛(wèi)福利救濟(jì)對(duì)象的權(quán)利，因?yàn)檫@一福利體制不僅容易使福利提供者濫用權(quán)力，也很容易使救濟(jì)對(duì)象濫用權(quán)利。前幾天，由于藥劑師說我使用的醫(yī)療用品超出常量，于是福利部門派蘇珊娜到我的住所調(diào)查。我確實(shí)多用了，因?yàn)橥饪剖中g(shù)中切的排尿孔的大小改變了，尿袋的連接處發(fā)生滲漏。Unit5Lonelinessmaybeasortofnationaldiseasehere,andit'smoreembarrassingforustoadmitthananyothersin.Ontheotherhand,tobealoneonpurpose,havingrejectedcompanyratherthanbeencastoutbyit,isonecharacteristicofanAmericanhero.Thesolitaryhunterorexplorerneedsnooneastheyventureoutamongthedeerandwolvestotamethegreatwildareas.Thoreau,aloneinhiscabinonthepond,hisbackdeliberatelyturnedtothetown.Now,that'scharacterforyou.孤獨(dú)或許是這里的一種民族弊病，我們羞于承認(rèn)它，甚于其他任何罪惡。而另一方面，刻意選擇獨(dú)處，拒絕別人的陪伴而非為同伴所棄，卻是美國(guó)式英雄的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。孤獨(dú)的獵人或探險(xiǎn)者去鹿群和狼群中冒險(xiǎn)，征服廣袤的荒野時(shí)，并不需要有人陪伴。梭羅獨(dú)居在湖畔的小屋，有意疏離城市生活。現(xiàn)在，你應(yīng)有這樣的個(gè)性。12.Theconditionoflonelinessrisesandfalls,buttheneedtotalkgoesonforever.It'smorebasicthanneedingtolisten.Oh,weallhavefriendswecantellimportantthingsto,peoplewecancalltosaywelostourjoborfellonaslipperyfloorandbrokeourarm.It'sthedailysuccessionofsmallcomplaintsandobservationsandopinionsthatbacksupandchokesus.Wecan'treallycallafriendtosaywegotaparcelfromoursister,orit'sgettingdarkearliernow,orwedon'ttrustthatnewSupremeCourtjustice.孤獨(dú)的感覺時(shí)起時(shí)落，但我們卻永遠(yuǎn)需要與人交談。這比需要傾聽更重要。噢，我們都有朋友，可以把大事要事向他們傾訴。我們可以打電話對(duì)朋友說我們丟了工作，或者說我們?cè)跐窕牡匕迳纤さ沽耍嗔烁觳病Ｃ咳詹粩嗟默嵥楸г梗瑢?duì)各種事情的看法和意見，積在那兒，塞滿了我們的心。我們不會(huì)真打電話給一位朋友，說我們收到了姐姐的一個(gè)包裹，或者說現(xiàn)在天黑得比較早