高中英語基礎知識提升訓練第4頁共18頁高中英語基礎知識提升復習訓練第一部分動詞時態和語態一、動詞時態練習：用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.Look!It______(rain)hard.Itseldom______(rain)duringthismonthofayear.2.He__________(break)hislegwhenhe_________(play)inafootballmatchagainstanotherschool.3.Idon’tknowwhenSuzan______(return),butwhenshe______(return),I_____(let)youknow.4.We______(send)foradoctorifyou_________(benot)betterthisafternoon.5.Shefelthappy,forshe_______(begiven)agoldmedalforwhatshe________(do)forthecountry.6.Thefireman_______(go)towardsthefire,which______still______(smoke)then.7.Whilemyfather____(look)throughtheeveningpaper,hesuddenly_____(let)outacryofsurprise.8.Myuncle________(come)toseeus.He__________(arrive)hereafewdaysago.He___________(leave)forSydneytomorrowmorning.9.WhenI_____(enter)theroom,he____(notsee)me.Forhe____(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.10.Wefoundthetask___________(be)muchharderthanwe___________(expect).11.Mysister________(learn)Englishsinceshe_________(be)achild.She________(speak)Englishveryfluently(流暢)now.12.IamsorryI______(keep)youwaitingsolong.Itisallright.I_____(read)thenewspapers.13.Theypromisedthatthey____(bring)usallthenecessarybooksassoonasthey____(have)achance.14.Ican’tfindmyglasses.______you____________(see)them?Yes.You_______(leave)theminthecaryesterday.15.PleasewakemeupifI______still_______(sleep)whenyou_______(come)home.16.I_________(notsee)youforages!Where______you_____(be)I___________(be)toScotland.17.Ican’topenthedoor.I__________(lose)mykey.I_________(lose)itwhileI__________(be)out.18.CCTV_________(broadcast)Englishprogramseversince1977.二、動詞語態練習：用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.learn:a.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______anything,healwaysworkshard.b.Youdon’thavetomakePaul_______anything,healwaysworkshard.2.do:a.Whatwillyou___________next?b.Whatwill____________byyounext?3.say:a.She____________thatMikewasillinbed.b.It____________thatMikeisillinbed.c.Mike_____________tobeillinbed.4.hold:a.Theywill____________theparents-meetingnextMonday.b.Theparents-meetingwill____________nextMonday.5.discuss:a.They____________thequestionsfrom5to6yesterdayafternoon.b.Thequestions______________from5to6yesterdayafternoon.6.putoff:a.Wehadbetternot_______________thesportsmeeting.b.Thesportsmeetinghadbetternot________________.7.cross:a.Inoticedanoldlady___________thestreetjustnow.b.Anoldladywasnoticed______________thestreetjustnow.8.repair:a.Weareto_______________themachinethisafternoon.b.Themachineisto________________thisafternoon.第二部分非謂語動詞在英語句子中，“非謂語動詞”即是不充當謂語的動詞或動詞短語。非謂語動詞主要有：動詞不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞。另外，還有獨立主格結構。一、動詞不定式：1、動詞不定式（動詞不定式短語）的功能：動詞不定式可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語。如：It’sgreattoseeyouallhereagain.(動詞不定式短語作主語，此處it是形式主語)Tocompletethetallbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.(動詞不定式作主語)Hewanttogoshopping.(動詞不定式短語作賓語)Mymotherhatestomovefromplacetoplace.(動詞不定式短語作賓語)Myhopeistoreceiveyourletters.(動詞不定式短語作表語)Thepurposeoftheorganizationistogreetallnewcomerstothecity.

(動詞不定式作表語)Iamlookingforaroomtolivein.(動詞不定式作定語，限定room的范圍)Hewenttogoshopping.(動詞不定式作目的狀語，表示went的目的)Heaskedyoutocallhimatteno’clock.(動詞不定式作賓補)2、動詞不定式的時態和語態運用：（1）一般式：todo(主動式）；tobedone(被動式）Ihavemanyclothestowash.（不定式towash作定語，用主動式，因為其主語是人）Manyclothesaretobewashed.（不定式tobewashed作表語，用被動式，因為主語是物）Therearemanyclothestobewashed.（不定式tobewashed作定語，用被動式，主語是物）（2）進行式：tobedoingTodaywehavechatrooms(網聊室),textmessaging(手機短信),e-mailing…,butweseemtobelosingtheartofcommunicatingface-to-face.（不定式的進行式，作seem的表語）（3）完成式：tohavedone（主動式）；tohavebeendone（被動式）ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreportedtohavebrokentheworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.（主動完成式，作who的補足語）Theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdleracewasreportedtohavebeenbrokenbyLiuXiang.（被動完成式，作Theworldrecord的補足語）二、動詞-ing形式（動名詞和現在分詞）：1、動名詞的作用：Dancingismyfavorite.（動名詞作主語）It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.（動名詞短語作主語，It是形式主語）Haveyoufinishedwritingyourletter?（動名詞短語作賓語）MyjobislearningEnglish.（動名詞短語作表語）Thiscompanyhasaswimmingpool.(動名詞作定語，限定pool的范圍)WeareinterestedinlearningEnglish.（作in的賓語，一般主動式）Shecametomyweddingwithoutbeinginvited.（作介詞without的賓語，一般被動式）Idon’trememberhavingborrowedmoneyfromyou.(作remember的賓語，完成主動式)MaryforgetshavingbeingtakentoBeijingwhenshewasveryyoung.（作forgets的賓語，完成被動式）Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?(動名詞的復合結構作賓語:物主代詞/名詞所有格+動名詞)IrememberTom’splayingwiththemthatday.(動名詞的復合結構作賓語，同上)有些動詞后面常常接“動名詞”，不接動詞不定式，如：Sheenjoysreading.這些動詞可以歸納為：“keep,delay(延誤),imagine(想象)+mecarfeps”。“mecarfeps”的讀音是“霉咖啡不吃”，它包含這些動詞：mind(介意),enjoy,can’thelp,avoid/appreciate,risk,finish,excape,practice,suggest(建議)/stand(忍受)Iappreciateyourmakingefforttocome.你能盡力趕來，我很感激。（yourmaking是動名詞復合結構作appreciate的賓語）Daveescapedbeingdrowned.Dave逃脫了，沒有被淹死。（beingdrowned作賓語）Weshoulddelayholdingthesportingmeeting.我們應該延遲舉辦運動會。（holdingthesportingmeeting作delay的賓語）有些動詞后面接不定式和動名詞時，意義不一樣。(1)forget,remember,stop,regret這幾個個動詞后面接不定式表示還沒有做某事，接動名詞表示已經做了某事：Don’tforgettobringyourhomeworktomorrow.不要忘了，明天把作業帶來。Iforgetborrowingabookfromthelibrarylastweek,soIborrowanotherone.我忘記了上周在圖書館借了一本書，于是又借了一本。(2)goondoing繼續做同一件事情；goontodo接下來做另一件事情(3)trydoingsth.試著做某事；trytodo盡量做某事；managetodo做成了某事2、現在分詞的作用（現在分詞有主動或進行之意）：Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.(作定語，限定man的范圍表,進行)Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.(被動式，作定語，限定film的范圍,表進行)Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.(作表語，表示film的特點，有主動之意)Thepresentsituationisinspiring.當前的形勢鼓舞人心。(作表語，有主動之意)Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?(作賓補，補充her的動作,有主動之意)9.【2015·天津】5.______inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.A.Toabsorb B.Tobeabsorbed C.Absorbed D.Absorbing10.【2015·陜西】17.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton________allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.A.tothankB.thankingC.havingthankedD.tohavethanked11.【2015·陜西】18.Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother__________goodcareofathome.A.takingB.takenC.takeD.betaken12.【2015·福建】28._________moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.A.Learn B.Learned C.Tolearn D.Tobelearning13.【2015·福建】33.InrecentyearsanEnglishword"infosphere"hasappeared,_______thesenseof“information”and"atmosphere".A.combine B.combinedC.combiningD.beingcombined14.【2015·江蘇】24.Muchtime_____sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.A.beingspentB.havingspentC.spentD.spending15.【2015·安徽】27.______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Havingignored16.【2015·湖南】34.SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents________whatisbotheringthem.A.totalkoverB.talkedoverC．talkoverD．havingtalkedover非謂語動詞練習二、“高考2015年高考題選講”解析：1.A.考查非謂語動詞。主句的主語she與動詞wonder構成邏輯上的主動關系，因此用v.-ing形式作伴隨狀語，故選A。句意：當那個小職員看到一張善良的面孔泛起皺紋并歉意地一笑時，她像生了根一樣站在那兒，不知道是走還是留。2.C.句意：為了趕上早班的飛機，我們提前叫了出租車并且起得很早。這里邏輯主語是we，不定式作目的狀語，表示提前叫出租車并且早起的目的。3.C考查非謂語動詞，這里是現在分詞作伴隨或方式狀語。此類題需要先判斷邏輯主語和非謂語動詞是主動關系還是被動關系，然后看非謂語動詞的動作與謂語動詞動作發生的先后順序。4.D.句意：如果錄用你了，我們將很快通知你。本句條件狀語從句中省略了主語you，與accept構成被動關系，用過去分詞accepted。本題暗含了狀語從句的省略和非謂語動詞的用法兩個知識點，并牢記現在分詞表主動或進行，過去分詞表被動或完成，不定式表將要執行的動作的原則。做好此類題需要牢記句子中省略，還有主語和動詞之間的關系。5.C.句意：他在格拉斯哥最窮的地方長大，要想成為足球明星還有很長的路要走。根據句意可知raise這個動詞的主語是he，他在這個地方長大，兩者之間是主謂關系.從選項看，不定式表示目的和將來；動詞的ing形式表示主動和進行；過去分詞表示被動和完成。從句子結構判斷，兩個句子是否共用一個主語，主語與第一個動詞之間是主謂關系還是動賓關系，再者還要注意判斷時間關系，從而得出答案來。6.C句意:象古代的水手，鳥能利用太陽和星辰來找到他們的路。Using是伴隨狀語或方式。7.D.句意：在家里面聽音樂是一回事，去到現場聽又是另一回事。hearsb/sthdoing表聽到某人某物做某事。由于音樂是被演奏的，所以需要被動形式，所以選D。A是動詞原形，B是非謂語現在分詞形式，C是非謂語的不定式，D是非謂語的現在分詞被動形式。8.D。句意：工作了兩天，Steve成功的按時完成了他的報告。句中的邏輯主語為Steve，與work之間為主動關系，故用現在分詞，這里用havingworked，表示動作的完成形式。9.C。句意：全神貫注于繪畫中，約翰沒有注意到晚上到了。短語beabsorbedin全神貫注于，在句中作狀語，與主語呈被動關系，故選C。10.A.句意：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角后，AnneBenedict繼續感謝所有幫助她演繹生涯的人。goontodo繼續做不同的事情，goondoing“繼續做相同的事情”的區別。11.B.句意：在非洲醫療援助兩年回來后，Dr.Lee很高興看見媽媽被照顧得很好。hismother和takecareof是被動關系，用過去分詞做賓語補足語，所以選B。12.C.考查非謂語動詞。這里是動詞不定式作目的狀語。該句意思為：為了更多了解到中國文化，杰克決定選擇中國傳統音樂作為選修課。13.C.句意：最近幾年，一個叫做infosphere的英語單詞出現了，結合了“信息”和“氣氛”這兩個單詞。這里的“結合”與前面新出現的單詞"infosphere"的關系是主動的，所以故選C。14.C。上班族們坐在辦工座桌前太久，一般會受到健康問題的困擾。分析句子結構可知，分詞的邏輯主語和后面主句的主語不一致，應該用獨立主格結構。分詞主語“muchtime”和分詞動作“spend”之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系，是被動關系，且動作已完成，故用過去分詞，故選C。15.B，考查動名詞作主語?！皐illbe”前面的“______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindings”是主語部分，動詞原形和過去分詞不能直接作主語，要用動名詞作主語。且you和ignore是主謂關系，此處是主動關系，這里表示同時發生，而非先后發生，因此不用分詞的完成式。16.A。句意：有時我充當了傾聽同學們談論煩心事的對象。此處不定式表示目的，故選A。第三部分復合句復合句是指含有狀語從句、名詞從句和定語從句的句子，所有從句中要用陳述語氣和陳述語序。第一節狀語從句狀語從包括時間、地點、原因、目的、條件、結果、讓步等狀語從句。一、時間狀語從句，引導詞有：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,since,assoonas,till,once；themoment,thefirsttime,bythetime等I’lltellhimthenewsassoonasImethim.Wewaitedtillhehadfinishedthiswork.Theywon’tgountiltheclassisover.IrecognizedyoutheminuteIsawyou.ThefirsttimeIclimbedontotheGreatWall,Ifeltnervous.小竅門：可以把theminute、thefirsttime等替換成when來理解，這樣，它們引出的時間狀語從句就容易理解了。另外注意兩點：1、when/while/as：When引導時間狀語從句時，既可以接時間段，又可以接時間點；while引導時間狀語從句時接時間段（動詞是延續性的）；as常常表示“隨著……；一邊……一邊……”。另外，when常常表示“突然；正在那時”，相當于“atthattime;suddenly”；while常常表示“然而”。例如：Mybrotherfellwhen/whilehewasridinghisbicycle.（“當……時候”，是一個“時間段”）Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.（“當……時候”，是一個“時間點”）Wegetwiseraswegetolder.（“隨著……”）IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardsomeonecalledhelp.（“正在那時，突然”）Theteachercouldnotworkouttheproblemwhilethechildcould.（“然而”，引導并列句）2、時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時態表示將來時態。IwilltellhimaboutitwhenIseehim.（用一般現在時態表示一般將來時態）Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.（在賓語從句中，該用一般將來時態就用一般將來時態）二、地點狀語從句，引導詞有where,wherever,everywhere,nomatterwhereHewillworkwherevermoneyiseasilymade.Hefoundhiscomputerwherehehadleftit.Herdogfollowshereverywhereshegoes.Nomatterwhereyoustudy,youcanimproveyourself.三、目的狀語從句，引導詞有sothat,inorderthat,incase以防,forfear(that)以免Theystudyhardsothattheycangotocollege.Inorderthathemightgetajob,hewenttoliveintown.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.Heputhismoneyintheboxforfearthatit(should)bestolen.（從句中用的是虛擬語氣）四、結果狀語從句，引導詞有so…that,such…that,sothat,withtheresultthat等Thestoneissoheavythatnobodycouldmoveit.Heissohonestthateveryonebelievesinhim.=Heissohonestamanthateveryonebelievesinhim.=Heissuchanhonestmanthateveryonebelievesinhim.Sarawasn’tatschoollastweek,withtheresultthatshemissedanimportanttest.五、原因狀語從句，引導詞有because,since,as,nowthat=sinceBecause語氣強，可以用來回答why提出的問題，since和as語氣較弱。Iboughtseveralpensbecausetheywerecheap.Sincetheweatherhasimproved,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasplanned.六、條件狀語從句，引導詞有if如果；unless(不用于虛擬語氣)；incase萬一，如果；onconditionthat在……的條件下；as/solongas只要；once一旦條件狀語從句中用一般現在時態表示一般將來時態。IfitisfinenextSunday,wewillgoforaspringouting.Onecannotlearnaforeignlanguageunlesshestudieshard.PleaseaskhimtowaitforamomentincasehearrivesbeforeIgetback.Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatweshouldreturnitbeforetheweekend.Aslongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytosolveit.Onceyouhearthestory,youwillneverbeabletoforgetit.七、方式狀語從句，引導詞有as像……一樣；asif/asthough好像，仿佛PleasedoasItellyou.Thechildactasifhewereaman.（是虛擬語氣）Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.（事實是：要下雨了，是陳述語氣，不是虛擬語氣）八、讓步狀語從句，引導詞有though,although,eventhugh/evenif,whoever,nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等Though/Althoughheis60yearsold,(yet)helooksquiteyoung.(用了though,就不用but)Whichever/Nomatterwhichbookyouborrow,youmustreturnininaweek.第三部分復合句第一節狀語從句練習題：選擇最佳答案。1.(a).______heheardthis,hegotveryangry.(b).ImetLucy_______Iwaswalkingalongtheriver.(c)._______achild,helivedinthecountry.A.whenB.whileC.AsD.When/While/As2.(a).Wewereabouttoleave_______itbegantorain.(b).ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.A.whenB.whileC.AsD.When/While/As3.(a).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_______greatitis.(b).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______greatitis.(c).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______difficultyitis.(d).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_____difficultyitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever4.(a).Hewouldhavealookatthebookstores_______hewenttotown.(b).Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,_________happens.(c).Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______greatitis.(d).I’llgivethebookto_______likesEnglish.A.wheneverB.whoeverC.whateverD.however5.(a).Itwillbeyears_______wemeetagain.(b).It’stenyears_______Icametothistown.(c).It’stenyearsago______Icametothistown.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since6.(a)._______latehegoestobed,healwaysgetsupearly.(b).I’dliketogowithyou,__________,myhandsarefull.A.howeverB.HowC.NomaterhowD.but7.(a).Tomfailedintheexamination_________hehadn’tworkedhard.(b).Itrainedlastnight,_______thegroundiswet.(c)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.A.becauseB.forC.Since8.(a).Goandgetyourcoat.It’s_______youleftit.(b).Youarefreetogo_______youlike.A.thereB.whereC.whereverD.when第二節名詞從句名詞從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、主語從句：一個句子充當主語，該句子就叫主語從句。Thattheearthgoesroundthesunisknowntousall.=Itisknowntousallthattheearthgoesroundthesun.（it作形式主語，that不能省略）Whathesaidisimportant.(從句中what是主語從句的引導詞，作主語從句中的賓語)Whenandwherehewasbornisasecret.(when和where是作主語從句的時間狀語和地點狀語)Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmatteralot.(從句中的whether是引導詞，表示疑問語氣)二、賓語從句：一個句子充當賓語，該句子就叫賓語從句。分為三種類型：1、由that引導的賓語從句，that常常可以省。（它在直接引語中原來是一個陳述句）Shesaid(that)itwasverycoldinMoscow.(that是引導詞，在賓語從句中不作任何成分，可省)2、由whether/if引導的賓語從句。（它在直接引語中原來是一個一般疑問句）Henryaskedwhether/iftheywouldcomethenextday.(whether/if是引導詞，表示疑問語氣)3、由疑問詞引導的賓語從句。（它在直接引語中原來是一個特殊疑問句）Doyouknowwhathewilltellus?(what引導的從句作know的賓語)Canyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?(where引導的從句作tell的直接賓語)關于賓語從句的補充說明：(1)在“動詞+賓語+賓補”結構中，常常用形式賓語it來替換賓語從句：IthoughtitnecessarythatIshouldstayintheroomtillhecameback.(2)表示“請求、命令、建議”的動詞后的賓語從句，其謂語動詞常常用“(should)+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣形式，其中，should常常被省略。這類動詞可以歸納為：“Idropcaps”：Iinsist,ddemand,rrequire/recommend,oorder,ppropose,ccommand,aadvise,ssuggest.例如：Histeacherinsistedhe(should)giveupplayingonlinegames.Wesuggestedthathefinishthetaskwithintwodays.Weproposedshegotothehospitalatonce.TomsuggestedthatLucy(should)begiventherighttoexpressheropinion.但是注意：如果insist不是“堅持要求”，而是“申明某事”，則不用虛擬語氣，而是用陳述語氣；同樣，如果suggest不是“建議”，而是“暗示、表明”，也不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣：Tominsiststhathedidnothingwrong.(因為此處的“insist”意思是“堅持申明”，不是“要求、建議”，所以它后面的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣)Thesmileonherfacesuggests(that)sheisveryhappy.(因為此處的“suggest”意思是“表明、暗示”，不是“建議”，所以不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣)三、表語從句：一個句子充當表語，該句子就叫表語從句。ThisiswhathedidlastSunday.(引導詞what作表語從句的賓語)ThatishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.(引導詞how作表語從句的狀語)Whatpeopleareworriedaboutiswhetherwewillbeabletobuildbetterfuture.下列結構常?？闯杀碚Z從句：Itappearsthat…似乎……Itseemsthat…好像……Itturnedoutthat…結果是……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itappearsthattheyareinneedofmoney.Ithappenedthattheyhadnomoneyonthem.四、同位語從句：一般作某些抽象名詞news,promise,fact等的同位語。Thenewsthathehadbeenkilledsurprisedpeople.（that引導的句子作news的同位語，that在從句中不作任何成分，但that不能省，下同）Weallknowthetruththattheearthgoesaroundthesun.ThefactthattheGreatBritainiscomposedof3countriesisunknowntothem.Wordcamethatthegeneralhimselfwouldcometothefront.（word：消息）Hemadethesuggestionthatthemeeting(should)bebroughttoanend.該句可以轉換成賓語從句：Hesuggested(that)themeetingbebroughttoanend.Thecommandergaveanorderthatthearmy(should)advancetenmiles.該句轉換成賓語從句：Thecommanderordered(that)thearmy(should)advancetenmiles.Atthemeeting,therewasarealquestionwhetherthegovernmentwouldtakeanaction.（whether引導的同位語從句作question的同位語）第三部分復合句第二節名詞從句練習題（2015高考題選解）1【2015湖南】26.Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.A.what B.that C.where D.who2【2015北京】33.Itrulybelieve______beautycomesfromwithin.A.that B.where C.what D.why3【2015安徽】25.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot______shipsarebuiltfor.A.what B.whom C.why D.when4【2015浙江】6.Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigate_________isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.A.what B.who C.that D.whoever5【2015重慶】8.Wemustfindout____Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.A.when B.how C.where D.why6【2015四川】8.Theexhibitiontellsus________weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which1.【答案】Cknow后面是一個賓語從句，缺地點狀語。句意：如果你已經計劃好去那里的最佳方案，你必須知道你將要去哪里。2.【答案】A句意：我很相信美麗源自于內心!本題考查賓語從句，從句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到連接作用，也可以省略。3.【答案】A句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但這并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟從句作表語，表語從句中的for后缺少賓語，用what引導，what與for連用，表示目的。故選A。4.【答案】A句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，請確定查看水面下有什么？通?？傆幸恍┦^或樹枝藏在水里。這個句子是由investigate引導的賓語從句，因為從句部分is前面缺少主語，5.【答案】A句意：我們必須弄明白Karl什么時候來，因此我們才能給他預定房間。Findout后面跟著賓語從句。根據句意選when。6.【答案】B本句考查賓語從句的引導詞。賓語從句中不缺少主語和賓語，故選項C錯誤，選項D擔當定語，也錯誤。根據意思：這個展覽告訴了我們，我們為什么要停止空氣污染而不是我們在哪兒停止空氣污染，故選擇B。第三部分復合句第二節名詞從句練習題：2011-2013年高考名詞從句試題1【2011北京卷22】_________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom2【2011北京卷31】Theshockingnewsmademerealize_________terribleproblemswewouldface.A.what B.how C.that D.why3、【2011上海卷35】Thereisclearevidence_____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpret(口譯，說明)isbodilypain. A.what B.if C.how D.that4、【2011上海卷38】Themessageyouintendtoconvey(傳達，運輸)throughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof_____othersactuallyunderstand. A.why B.that C.which D.what5、【2011山東卷26】Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why6、【2011山東卷33】We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknow______she’llacceptit. A.where B.what C.whether D.which7【2011江西卷26】Thevillagershavealreadyknown___we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.A.this B.that C.what D.which8【2011江蘇卷26】Itwasneverclear______themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner. A.thatB.howC.whenD.why9【2011安徽卷33】Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout_____itisheistryingtoexpress.A.that B.how C.who D.what10【2011四川卷10】Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievein________wedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.A.whyB.howC.whatD.which11【2011遼寧卷23】Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteach________toreadfast.A.whatB.whoC.howD.why12、【2011遼寧卷32】Whenthenewscame________thewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.because13、【2011天津卷13】Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence______smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where14【2011陜西卷15】I’dliketostartmyownbusiness–that’s____I’ddoifIhadthemoney.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what15、【2011重慶卷22】Itisstillunderdiscussion__________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.A.whetherB.whenC.whichD.where16、【2011重慶卷34】Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee_______useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.A.whoseB.whatC.whichD.that17【2011湖南卷31】Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious______theproblemitselfis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why18、【2012安徽】27.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why19、【2012重慶】34.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy______children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.that20、【2012全國】24.Itisbynomeansclear________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.howB.WhichC.thatD.what21、【2012北京】24.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt______hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.A.why B.how C.that D.whether22、【2012福建】35.Wepromise_____attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever23、【2012陜西】20.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose_____suitsyoubest.A.whateverB.whicheverC.wheneverD.wherever24、【2012山東】25.Itdoesn’tmatter_____youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why25、【2012湖南】26.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn’tmatter______youhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.when26、【2012天津】9.Itdoesn’tmatter_________youturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.A.whetherB.howC.ifD.when27、【2012江西】25.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim___hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that28、【2012遼寧】34.Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor___________hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever29、【2012四川】17.Scientistsstudy____humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.A.whenB.howC.thatD.whether30、【2012浙江】4.Imadeapromisetomyself____thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how31【2012江蘇】27.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_____themeetingwouldbepostponed(延遲).A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how32【2013北京31】______makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.A.That B.What C.Who D.Which33【2013北京33】Expertsbelieve_____peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.A.why B.where C.that D.what34、【2013湖南28】.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell_______closeyoumaybetovictory.A.how B.that C.which D.where35、【2013江西30】_______oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit. A.Whoever B.Whatever C.Whichever D.Wherever36、【2013山東30】It’sgoodtoknow______thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.A.what B.whose C.which D.that37、【2013陜西20】Itremainstobeseen______thenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.A.that B.which C.what D.whether38、【2013四川6】______yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.A.When B.How C.What D.That39、【2013天津15】__________IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.A.ThatB.Which C.Whether D.What40、【2013新課標I卷26】Policehavefound_____appearstobethelostancientstatue. A.which B.where C.how D.what41、【2013浙江16】Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief_____youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.A.how B.thatC.which D.whether42【2013重慶28】___struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.A.That B.ItC.What D.Which43、【2013安徽21】Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis_____aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater. A.whyB.howC.becauseD.whether第三節定語從句定語從句：用一個句子來限定某個詞（詞組、句子）的范圍，該句子就叫定語從句。被限定的詞（詞組、句子）就叫先行詞，從句的引導詞叫關系詞（分為關系代詞、關系副詞）。關系代詞：that,which,who,whose,as；關系副詞：when,where,why.定語從句按關系詞與先行詞的關系緊密程度可以分為“限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句”；按關系詞的類別可以分為“關系代詞引導的定語從句、關系副詞引導的定語從句、介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句”三類。You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstationwhichyoucanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.（2011上海卷限定性定語從句）ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,whichheremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.（2013江蘇卷非限定性定語從句）Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthat/whicharebuiltclosetoeachother.（由that/which引導的限定性定語從句，先行詞是narrowstreetsandsmallhouses）Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,when/duringwhichtheaudiencecanbuyice-cream.（2011江蘇卷關系副詞when可以替換為duringwhich，指的是duringtheinterval）一、定語從句的運用：1、注意兩個要點：（1）定語從句一定要有自己的先行詞（即被限定的詞、詞組、句子）（2）關系詞在定語從句中一定要充當某個成分（主語、定語、賓語、狀語等）。Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.(2011天津卷)該句中“when”的先行詞是“thedays”，意思是“在那些日子里”，用英語表達就是“during/inthosedays”，所以可以用“in/duringwhich”替換when.它在定語從句“whenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving”中作時間狀語。另外，該句中的另一個定語從句“youneeded”是“all”的定語從句，關系代詞“that”被省略了，在定語從句“youneeded”中作needed的賓語。2、關系詞的使用：（1）一般地說，who指人，which指物，that既可以指人，又可以指物。Ihaveafriendwho/thatlikesclassicalmusicalot.（先行詞是afriend，是人，作主語）Shesawawallofwaterwhich/thatwasquicklyadcancingtowardsher.（先行詞是awallofwater，是物，作主語，關系詞不用who）Thesoldierandhisgunthatwereherelastnightwereoutofsight.(先行詞是thesoldierandhisgun，既含有人，又含有物，所以只能用that，作主語）（2）先行詞是不定代詞（all,something,everything等等）、先行詞前有最高級或序數詞、先行詞前有only,little,few等時，一般用that.Is