（一）2WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-five southofLondon,theywerenottaken45英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時(shí)，這Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.3Astheparentshadfivechildren,lifewasaperpetualstruggleagainst

－－(Lesson45:ThePowerofthe主謂：－Youjump;IInyouth,weInoldage,we主謂賓：IlovethreethingsthesunthemoonandyouThesunforthedaythemoonforthenight,andyou,forever.PleasedomeaLovegivesusafairy主+謂+賓+Ifoundthebook-Lovemakesmangrowuporsink主+系+系動(dòng)詞：linkingverb（連接主語(yǔ)和后面的成分（二）C.Lifeisfragile,andevilisreal,butcourage ——Weareallinthegutter,butsomeofusarelookingatthestars——Oscarthat（三）－that:－whetherif:是 有詞義，不做成分，連接作用－who/whom:誰(shuí)；what:…；which:哪一個(gè)whose:誰(shuí)的 when:什么時(shí)候where:什么地方 why:為什么Whatis ngis ngwell.Itis形容詞+thatItisclearthatItisnaturalthatItisfortunatethatItislikely ItisapitythatItisnowonderthatItisashamethatItisacommonknowledgethat…是Whether…isblessingorcursingisadifficultquestiontoanswer,yetthecomfortorconveniencethatitbringswillnotbeeliminated.Whenyouareintrouble,youwillfindwhoyourrealfriend1（主謂2:主＋謂＋itHemadeitclearthatheopposedthisThequestioniswhethertheGodreallyexists.Thatwasbecausehewasashamedof注意：whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但ifbecause一般修飾抽象名詞，例如:truthideanewsinformationn+that＋陳述句TheideathathetoldmewasTheideathatthenumber13willbringbadluckisThechangeinAlargelyresultsfromthefactthatBA:可替換為society，ideology（）…resultfrom還可替換為：duetoderivefrombecauseItrevealstheunquestionablefact它揭示了一個(gè)毋庸置疑的事實(shí)，那就是簡(jiǎn)單句的重要結(jié)構(gòu)：Aof名詞性從句（尤其是賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一：應(yīng)用文信的萬(wàn)能句Iamwritingtoexpressmyconcern(dissatisfaction/disappointment)abouttheserviceofyourrestaurant.Wewouldliketodrawtheattentionofthe concernedtosomethingtheyobviouslyfailedtonotice Isincerelyhopethatthe concernedwillconsidermysuggestionandimprovethesituationasbestastheycan.Wetrustthatyouwillnowconsiderthismatterseriouslyandmakeanefforttopreventtherecurrenceofthisproblem.Itisvividlydescribedinthepicturethatalampislisteninginthedarkness/asparkissmilinginthedarkness.Thecaptionreads,“l(fā)oveislikealampwhichisbrighterindarkerces.”Thepicturevividlydepictthataboyismakingthefinalspurtalongtheracetrack.Weareinformedthat“thefinishinglineisalsothestartingpoint.”Thedrawingsvividlyillustratethenoiseanduproarinthebigcityandthepeaceandtranquilityofthecountrylife.圖=photo,（=sketch,（素描=drawing,（畫=cartoon,（漫畫=chart(圖表示=indicate,=（成為…=benaturallyassociatedwith=implication=symbolicmeaning=subtle這個(gè)被修飾的名詞／代詞因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句前面，所以被稱為①先行 被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾或限制的對(duì)象②引導(dǎo) 三.關(guān)系詞先行詞指人：who Theworldisfullofpeoplewhosenotionofasatisfactoryfutureis,infact,areturntotheidealizedpast.Thedictionaryistheonlycewheresuccesscomesbefore練習(xí)：Iwillneverforgettheday wemetforthefirstA. B. C. D.onIwillneverforgetthe IspentonA. B. C. D.on 找到先行先行詞通常為詞（名詞或代詞）／Awandererwhoisdeterminedtoreachhisdestinationwillneverfearthe先行詞也可以是一個(gè)句子（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句－不用逗號(hào)隔 限制性定語(yǔ)從作用：用來(lái)提供必要的信息，以說(shuō)明定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞的或性質(zhì)，或e.g.Idon’tlikeIdon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheir－用逗號(hào)隔 非限制性定語(yǔ)從e.g.Criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtowhichistryingtopleaseeverybody.－Somepeoplearguethat…h(huán)assomemerits,whichcanbelistedasfollows.Firstandforemost,….,Additionally,….與asAsisseenfromtheAsisvividlydepictedinthecartoonAsisapparentlyillustratedbythepicturesAscanbenoticedfromthetable/graph/figure,thereisamarkedincrease/decline/favorablechangein….五.先行詞+其它成分+e.g.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectlyaffectteenagercrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunityforyouth.練習(xí)：Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome Iwastakencareofinthatfar-awayA. B. C. D.作主語(yǔ)的先行詞+謂語(yǔ)部分+e.g.HecanconquertheworldwhocanconquerQuestion:如何尋找定語(yǔ)從句真正修飾的先行詞12將翻譯后的定語(yǔ)從句+方法二：主謂一致（主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致練習(xí)：Thewordsusedbythespeakermaystirupunfavorablereactionsinthelistener interferewithhiscomprehension.A. B.C. D.六.定語(yǔ)從句難點(diǎn)Expertshavestudiestheareasmostaffectedandhavedrawnupamapforlocalpeople,forecastingtheyearinwhichtheirhomeswillbeswallowedupbythehungrysea.練習(xí)：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’ta shecouldturnforA. B.C.from D.toThereisnodenyingthefactthat….hasbeenaprevalenttopicwithwhichuniversitystudentsareconfronted.Andthereisnoconsensusofopinionamongpeopleconcerningthecontroversialissue.e.x.Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesystematic,mannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.e.x.Anyonewhosegoalis“somethinghigher”mustexpectsomedaytosuffervertigo,whatisvertigo?Fearoffalling?No,vertigoissomethingotherthanfearoffalling.Itisthevoiceoftheemptinessbelowuswhichtemptsandluresus.Itisthedesiretofallagainstwhichwedefendourselves.1）（復(fù)合句（簡(jiǎn)單句－andorbutyetfor－連接狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞：whenassinceuntil,before,after,where,because,since,though,although,sothat－who,whom,whose,what, when,where,how,why－on,in,with,at,of,（狀語(yǔ)從句）在整個(gè)句子的主干邏輯順序：前因多主動(dòng)Whenyouconsciouslyundergoamajorlifetransition,bepatientwith注意：如何區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句如何區(qū)分whenwhere－FearisyourbestfriendoryourworstenemyItislikefireIfyoucancontrolit,itcancookforyouorheatyourhouse.Ifyoucan’titwillburneverythingaroundyou,evendestroyyou.（雙刃劍的比喻寫法）－Ifyouarenotborntobeinligent,pleasemakesurethatyouareatdiligent.－IfWintercomes,canSpringbefar---OdetotheWestAlthoughtheworldisfullofsuffering,itisalsofullof ingof enAs分 +as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞（無(wú)冠詞e.g.Young/Chi