2023名校版高考英語閱讀理解精讀含答案FromLatinAmericatoSichuanprovince,chilipeppersandtheirfamousburningtastehavebecomeaworldwidesensation(熱門)Buthowcouldsomethingthatburnssohotpossiblybeanygoodforpeople?InastudybyresearchersatMarshallUniversityintheUs,scientistsmadethefirstcompletedescriptionofcapsaicin(辣椒素)—achemicalfoundinspicychilis—anditsanti-cancerproperties.Althoughcapsaicinisnotnormallyagoodmedicineduetosomenegativepropertiessuchasitsspicyflavor,thestudyfoundthattherearewaystobringoutitsanti-cancerbenefitswhileovercomingthesenegatives.Innature,capsaicinevolvedasadefensemechanisminplantstodriveawayunwantedanimalswhileattractingthosethatcouldspreadtheseeds,suchasbirdswhichcannottasteorfeelthespice.Fromascientificpointofview,capsaicinworksbytriggeringapainreceptorcalledTRPV1,causingthebodytoreactasifithadactuallytouchedsomethinghotanddangerous.Yet,thisnaturalrepellent(驅(qū)蟲劑)formostanimalshasinsteadbecomeafavoritefoodformanypeople,oftencalled“chiliheads”.So,whatisitthatattractshumanstocapsaicin,chilipeppersandspicyfoodingeneral?Besidesitsmanyhealthbenefits—suchaspainrelief,weightloss,andbodyheatregulation—peopleloveeatingchilipepperspreciselybecauseithitsthepainreceptorsinjusttherightway.AsScientificAmericannoted:“Peopleseemtoenjoy—andactivelyseekout—manyothersensations...thesensationoffallingprovidedbyrollercoastersorskydiving,thefeelingsoffearandanxietywhilewatchinghorrormovies,thephysicalpainexperienceduponjumpingintoicywater,oreventhefeelingsofsadnessthatcomewhilewatchingatearjerker.”So,thenexttimeyoubiteintoahotchilipepper,remember:itsnotjusthealthy,butfuntoo!32.WhatcanwelearnfromtheresultofthestudybyresearchersatMarshallUniversity?A.Thestudydescribescapsaicinforthefirsttime.B.Capsaicincontributestothepreventionofcancer.C.Thereisachemicalcalledcapsaicininspicychilis.D.Thenegativefeaturesofcapsaicincannotbeovercome.33.Howdoescapsaicinbenefitplants?A.Itstopsbirdsfromeatingplants.B.Itcausesmoreseedstobeproduced.C.Itattractssomeanimalstodistributeseeds.D.Ithelpsplantssurviveinhotordangeroussituations.34.Howdoestheauthorprovespicyfoodisfun?A.Byillustration.B.Bystatistics.C.Bycomparison.D.Bydefinition.35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whysomepeopleenjoyspicyfood.B.Howchilipeppersaresoburning.C.Howplantsbenefitfromcapsaicin.D.Wherecapsaicincanbefound.BCCAAmericanAirlinesannouncedanagreementinmid-Augusttobuy20supersonic

Overture

planesfromBoomSupersonic,aUS-basedstart-upcompanyfocusedontheproductionof

supersonic

commercialaircraft.TheOvertureisplannedtotransportbetween65and80passengersatspeedsofover1.7timesthatofthespeedofsound(,235km/h)-twicethatofthefastesttraditionalcommercialairplaneonthemarkettoday.Theideaofridingaboardaplaneatsupersonicspeedsmightseemlikeascaryone;but,infact,itmightevenbesmootherthanflyingonatraditionalairplane.Mostcommercialairlinersflybetween11.5and12kilometershighinthesky,buttheOverturewillflyatabout18.29kilometersbycomparison.Thehigheraplaneflies,thethinnertheairis,resultinginlessturbulence(顛簸).AsLourdesMaurice,amechanicalengineerandadvisortoBoomSupersonic,remarkedabouthersupersonicflightontheConcorde,theOverture'spredecessor:“Climbingto60,000feet(about18.29km)wasincrediblysmooth.Therewasnoturbulence.Weknewwewereflyingsupersonically,butourbodiesdidn'tgiveusanysigns.”SincethefirstsupersonicflightbytheUSAirForceinOctober1947andthefirstcommercialsupersonicflightin1976,thepromiseofsupersonicflighthasbeenan

alluring

goal;yet,thepathforwardhasseenmanyobstacles.Thebiggestproblemisthatmassive,powerfulsoundwavescalled“sonicbooms”arecreatedwhenanobjectbreaksthesoundbarrier.Similartothunder,thesesonicboomsaredifficulttoignorewhenflyingoverresidentialareas.Besidesnoisepollution,theuseofsupersonicaircrafthasalsobeencriticizedforishugefuelconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissions,resultinginbansonsupersoniccommercialflightsinmanycountries.SincethelastcommercialsupersonicflightoftheConcordein2003,thedreamofsupersonictravelappeareddead.However,withimprovementsbeingmadetosupersonicplanedesignsandfuelefficiency,thedreamcouldcomebacktolifeoncemore.28.WhatdoweknowabouttheOverture?A.Itwillflyashighas1829feet.B.Itwilltravelmuchfasterthansound.C.Itwillcarryoutthefirstsupersonicflight.D.Itwillflyattwicethespeedoftraditionalplanes.29.Whichisthemainfactorthatdeterminesaplane'sstability?A.Itsflightaltitude.B.Itstopflightspeed.C.Itscarryingcapacity.D.Itsabilitytoreduceturbulence.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword