四/六級作文輔導（二）論說文寫作一．結構（一）：問題解決型（Problem-Solution）-----對某一問題進行分析,找出解決辦法,表達自己的見解.常用句型（Structure/SentencePattern）第一段：提出問題（what/why）句型：◎Nowadays，wehavetofaceaproblemthat…(問題)◎Nowadays，moreandmorepeopleareconcernedabouttheproblem…(問題)◎Itisimportantforusto…(問題)第二段：解決問題(How)句型：◎Peoplehavefiguredoutmanywaystosolvetheproblem．Firstly，…(解決方法一)Secondly，…(解決方法二),…◎Confrontedwith…(問題)weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation．Firstly，…(解決方法一)Secondly，…(解決方法二),…第三段：表達自己的立場句型：◎1)Personally，Ibelievethat…(我的方法)／Tome，Iamtakingtwowaystosolvetheproblemof…(問題)Oneofthemis…(我的方法)Theotherwayis…(方法二)Bynowwayshavebeenworkingperfectlyandefficient1y…(結果)2)Inconclusion/Inaword/Tosumup/Insummary/Obviously/It’sclearthat…/It’snodoubtthat….思維框架（Mindmap）1．引介----引入要討論的話題（Introduction（Statement/thesis））：2．主體（body）要討論的主題句（topicsentence）:所面臨的問題(what)：此問題是如何引起的(why)?如何解決此問題(how)?3．結論(conclusion)--重述主題論點或總結概括各要點（Restate/summarise）：二．結構（二）：因果關系型-----對某現象進行因果因素分析思維框架（Mindmap）1.引介（Introduction）:2.主體部分主題句（topicsentence）:段落1（BodyParagraph1）段落2（BodyParagraph2）段落3（BodyParagraph3）要點（topicsentence）理由（Reason1）要點（topicsentence）理由（Reason2）要點（topicsentence）理由（Reason3）舉證（事例、數據、引言等）（SupportingFacts舉證（事例、數據、引言等）（SupportingFacts舉證（事例、數據、引言等）（SupportingFacts3．結論(Conclusion)三．議論文寫作框架/模版A問題—解決型1.模板一(第1句)Withthedevelopment/improvementof(鋪墊),(寫某一問題).(第2句)Itisnecessarythat(關注解決現象引出的問題很必要).(第3句)Ontheonehand,(解決問題很必要的理由一).(第4句)Ontheotherhand,(解決問題很必要的理由二).(第5句)Therefore,howto(承上啟下,提出要解決的問題)isworthpayingattention.(第6句)Firstly(解決辦法一).(第7句)Secondly(解決辦法2).(第8句)Forexample,(舉例解釋解決辦法2).(第9句)Thirdly,(解決辦法三).(第10句)Inotherwords,(闡明解決辦法三).(第11句)Infact,waysto(指出解決問題的辦法多種多樣)arecountless.(第12句)It'stimethat(強調解決問題時不可待).【本模式作文范文】2023年1月真題:ReduceWasteonCampus(第1句)Withtheimprovementoflivingstandard,wasteoncampusisincreasinglyserious.(第2句)Itisnecessarythatsomethingshouldbedonetoreducewasteoncampus.(第3句)Ontheonehand,ourwastehasalreadycausedagreatlossofpreciousresources,suchaswaterandelectricity.(第4句)Ontheotherhand,ourwasteaddsourparentsaswellasoursocietyaburden.(第5句)Therefore,howtoeliminatewasteoncampusisworthpayingattention.(第6句)Firstly,weshouldturnoffthelightwhenweleaveourdormsorclassroomssoastosaveelectricityasmuchaspossible.(第7句)Secondly,weshouldstopwastingwaterwhenwebath,orwashclothesanddishes.(第8句)Forexample,weshoulduseabasinwhenwecleanfaces.(第9句)Thirdly,weshouldbeeconomical.(第10句)Inotherwords,whengoshopping,weshouldbuyonlywhatwereallyneed.(第11句)Infact,thewaystoreducewasteoncampusarecountless.(第12句)It'stimethatwecultivatethehabitofthriftineverypossibleway.2.模板二(第1句)Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyabout（提出現存的問題）.(第2句)Itisobviousthat（解決問題很必要的理由一）.(第3句)Additionally,（解決問題很必要的理由二）.(第4句)Soitishightime,（承上啟下,說明解決問題的必要性）.(第5句)Firstofall,（解決辦法一）.(第6句)Thereasonis（解決辦法一的理由）.(第7句)Secondly（解決辦法二）.(第8句)Thatistosay,（闡明解決辦法二）.(第9句)Thirdly,（解決辦法三）.(第10句)Infact,morethanthreewayscanbeadopted,（指出解決問題的辦法多種多樣）.(第11句)Asforme,（個人立場）.(第12句)Allinall,（總結全文）.【本模式作文范文】ReduceWasteonCampus(第1句)Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyaboutwasteoncampus.(第2句)Itisobviousthatagreatlossofpreciousresources,suchaswaterandelectricityhavebeencausedbywaste.(第3句)Additionally,ourwasteaddsourparentsandsocietyaburden.(第4句)Soitishightimethatwetookactionstoreducethewasteoncampus.(第5句)Firstofall,weshouldstopwastingwaterwhenwebath,orcleanfaces,orwashclothesanddishes.(第6句)Thereasonisthatthereisagreatshortageofwaterintheword.(第7句)Secondly,weshouldbeeconomical.(第8句)Thatistosay,whengoshopping,weshouldbuyonlywhatwereallyneed.(第9句)Thirdly,weshouldturnoffthelightwhenweleavedormsorclassroomssoastosaveelectricityasmuchaspossible.(第10句)Infact,morethanthreewayscanbeadopted.(第11句)Asforme,thecultivationofgoodhabitofthriftismostimportantforallofus.(第12句)Allinall,everycollegestudentshouldjoinintheeffortstocombatthewasteoncampus.3.模板三(第1句)Itiscertainthat（提出問題及解決的必要性）.(第2句)Foronereason,（解決問題很必要的理由一）.(第3句)Foranother,（解決問題很必要的理由二）.(第4句)However,somestillpuzzleonhowto（轉折到如何解決問題）.(第5句)Herecomesomesuggestions（呈上指出解決問題的方法很多）.(第6句)Tobeginwith,（解決辦法一）.(第7句)Secondly（解決辦法2）.(第8句)Forinstance,（舉例闡明）.(第9句)Thirdly,（解決辦法三）.(第10句)Thatisbecause（其理由）.(第11句)Thesolutionvaryaccordingtodifferentsituations（.解決問題的辦法隨具體情況不同而變化主線途徑）.(第12句)Therefore,（總結全文,要靈活地依據具體情況解決問題.）.B觀點論證型1.模板一(第1句)Itistruethat（提出普遍存在地觀點）.(第2句)However,（談不同地觀點）.(第3句)Ithink（自己地觀點,即文章地論點）.(第4句)（過度句,轉折到觀點地論證,由題目選擇具體的詞）canbelistedasfollow.(第5句)Firstofall,（論證理由一）.(第6句)Secondly（論證理由二）.(第7句)Forexample（舉例具體說明理由二）.(第8句)Thirdly,（論證理由三）.(第9句)Acaseinpointis（舉例說明理由三）.(第10句)Itgoeswithoutsayingthat（提出執行該觀點時應注意的事項）.(第11句)Thereisnodoubtthat（得出結論）.(第12句)Inconclusion（總結全文）.【本模式作文范文】ItPaystoBeHonestItistruethatmostofusvaluehonestyhighly.However,nowadaysweoftenconfrontconfidencecrisissuchascheating,overcharging,fakecommodities,etc.Ithinkthatweshouldbehonestbecausebeinghonestisnotonlythewholesociety.Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Firstly,onlyhonestpeoplecanbetrulyrespectedbytheothersandcanmakemorefriendsoveralongperiodoftime.Secondly,honesty,whichisthetraditionalvirtueoftheChinesepeople,canmakeourlifeeasierandmoreharmonious.Forexample,consumerswillnotbeafraidofbeingoverchargedifdealersarehonest,andonthecontrarydealerscanwinmorecustomers.Thirdly,honestycanmakeoursociety.AcaseinpointisthatSingaporewhichisasocietyoftrustworthinessandintegrityhasacomparativelylowcriminalrate.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatbeinghonestyisofbenefittoboththesameandtheindividual.Thereisnodoubtthatweshouldfosterthespiritofhonesty.Inconclusion,layingstressonhonestywillbecomethepublicmoralsinoursociety.2.模板二(第1句)Somepeoplebelievethat（直接提出本文的觀點）.(第2句)Thetruthisdeepandprofound（進一步強度觀點的對的性）.(第3句)Asweknow,（論證理由一）.(第4句)Inaddition,（論證理由二）.(第5句)Therearenumerousexamples（承上啟下）.(第6句)Acaseinpointis（舉例一具體論證）.(第7句)Thereisclosetosuggest（總結例一）.(第8句)Foranotherexample（舉例二具體論證）.(第9句)Moreover,（舉例三具體論證）.(第10句)Allmentionedabovetellus（總結上下,重申論點）.(第11句)Butonethingwehavetonoticeisthat（指出該論點應注意什么）.(第12句)Inaword,（總結）.【本模式作文范文】ItPaystoBeHonestSomepeoplebelievethatmanydishonesties,suchascheating,overcharging,fakecommodities,etc.ruinournormallife,andtheymaintainthatbeinghonestisnotonlybeneficialtoothersbutalsotooneself.Thetruthisdeepandprofound.Asweknow,ifoneishonest,otherpeoplewilldeeplyrespecthimorher,andarewillingtomakefriendswithhimorher.Inaddition,beinghonestcanmakepeople'slifeeasierandmoreharmonious.Therearenumerousexamplessupportingtheargument.AcaseinpointisthatSingaporewhichisasocietyoftrustworthinessandintegrityhasacomparativelylowcriminalrate.Thisisclosetosuggestthathonestycanmakeoursocietymorestable,andallpeoplecanliveapeacefullifethere.Foranotherexample,buyersusuallyliketomakeadealwiththedealerstheytrust.Moreover,thedealer,suchasTongrentangHerbalMedicineShopwhichrunsbusinesshonestlyismorelikelysurvivethefiercemarketcompetition.Allmentionedabovetellusthatitishightimethatwetookactiontofightagainstdishonesty.Butonethingwehavetonoticeisthatsometimesweneedwhiteliestocomfortthepatientswhohavesufferedseriousillness.Inshort,weshouldletthedishonestyhavenoplacetostayinoursociety.C對比選擇型1.模板一(第1句)Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson(開門見山直入主體,表白對某事人們的不同見解).(第2句)Somepeopleperfer,(表白一部分人的見解).(第3句)Otherstendto(另一部分的見解).(第4句)Astome,Iagreewith/to(作者的見解).(第5句)Ofcourse,(認可自己不贊同的見解有一定的合理性).(第6句)Forexample,(舉例說明支持第五句).(第7句)But,(轉折指出這種觀點的局限性).(第8句)Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformypreference(啟下句過度到下段具體闡述自己所支持的觀點的理由).(第9句)Themainreasonis(支持觀點的理由一)..(第10句)Agoodexampletoillustrateis(舉例說明理由一).(第11句)Furanother,(理由二).(第12句)Fromtheforegoing,(總結全文,從長遠看).【本模式作文范文】2023年6月真題:Isatestofspokennecessary?AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest(CET).(第1句)Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonit.(第2句)Someprefertohavesuchatest.(第3句)OtherstendtodeclineanykindoftestofspokenEnglish.(第4句)Astome,Iagreewiththefirststatement.(第5句)Ofcourse,atestofspokenEnglishisverydifficulttohandleandthetesttimeisnotlongenoughtofullydisplayparticipants'abilitytospokeninEnglish.(第6句)Forexample,ifacandidatedrawsatopicwhichheofsheisnotfamiliarwith,it'shardtoshowhisorhercommandofspokenEnglish.(第7句)Butwithoutsuchatest,somepeoplemaynothavemotivationtopractisespokenEnglish.(第8句)Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformypreference.(第9句)Themainreasonisthatsuchatestenhancescollegestudents'awarenessoftheimportanceofspokenEnglish.(第10句)Agoodexampletoillustrateisthatseveralyearsago,collegestudentsonlystressedreadingandwritingskills,ignoringtobuildinguplisteningandspeakingability.(第11句)Foranother,acertificateofsuchatestwillmakejob-huntingeasier.(第12句)Fromtheforegoing,IthinkatestofspokenEnglishisofnecessity.2.模板二(第1句)Thereisnocompleteagreementamongpeopleasto(開門見山直入主體,表白對某事人們的不同見解).(第2句)Somepeopleconsider,(表白一部分人的見解).(第3句)However,othersthink,(另一部分的見解).(第4句)Somepeoplemaysay(觀點一的理由).(第5句)Theyholdthisopinionbecause(進一步闡述觀點一的理由).(第6句)However,othersbelieve,(觀點二的理由).(第7句)Theyarguethat,(進一步闡述觀點二的理由).(第8句)Personally,Iaminfavorofthe(我的立場).(第9句)Firstly,(個人見解依據一).(第10句)Secondly,(個人見解依據二).(第11句)Mostimportantofall(個人見解依據三).(第12句)Takingabove-mentionedfactorsintoconsideration,we/Imayreasonablyconcludethat(總結全文).3.模板三(第1句)Whenaskedabout(開門見山直入主體,表白對某事人們的不同見解),differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions.(第2句)Somepeopletakeitforgrantedthat(提出觀點一).(第3句)Intheiropinion,(觀點一的理由一).(第4句)Besides(觀點一的理由二).(第5句)However,othershold(提出觀點二).(第6句)Theymaintain(觀點二的理由一).(第7句)And(觀點二的理由二).(第8句)Weighingupthesearguments,Iamfor(我的觀點).(第9句)Foronething(個人觀點理由一).(第10句)Foranther,(個人觀點理由二).(第11句)Forinstance,(舉例說明).(第12句)Therefore,asstatedabove(綜上所述再次強調自己的觀點).【本模式作文范文】Isatestofspokennecessary?AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest(CET).(第1句)Whentalkingaboutit,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions.(第2句)SomepeopletakeitforgrantedthatcollegestudentsshouldtakeatestofspokenEnglish.(第3句)Intheiropinion,itisgoodchanceforthemtotesttheirspokenEnglish.(第4句)Besides,italsomakesthemknowtheimportanceofthespokenEnglish.(第5句)However,othersholdthatatestofspokenEnglishisunnecessaryintheuniversityandcolleges.(第6句)Theymaintainthatcollegestudents'practiceofspokenEnglishisnotfortestingbutfordailyuse.(第7句)Andtheythinkitishardtomanagesuchasubjectivetest.(第8句)Weighingupthesetwoarguments,Iamforthefirstpointofview.(第9句)Foronething,spokenEnglishisveryimportant.(第10句)Foranother,atestofspokenEnglishcanguideandsupervisestudentstomakeconversationpractice.(第11句)Forinstance,whenchoosingbooksandothermaterials,studentscanpickthemaccordingtothebandsofthetesttheywanttotake.(第12句)Therefore,asstatedabove,thefirstpointofviewcanholdwater.D現象解釋型模板(第1句)(最近出現的總體現象)hasbeenbroughtintofocus.(第2句)Nowdays,(現象的具體表現一).(第3句)Inaddition,(現象的具體表現二).(第4句)Manyreasonscontributeto(過度句到分析因素).(第5句)Generallyspeaking,(承上啟下開始列舉因素).(第6句)Firstofall,(因素之一).(第7句)Moreover,(因素二).(第8句)Therefore,(對因素一二進行總結).(第9句)AsfarasIamconcerned,(對現象的見解).(第10句)Asweknown,(支持見解的理由一).(第11句)Furthermore,(理由二).(第12句)Inaword,(總結).四．議論文寫作參考題例真題[00.1]HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation?[01.1]HowtoSucceedinAJobInterview?[1](2023.1)HowIfinanceMyCollegeEducation1、上大學的費用（tuitionandfees）可以通過多種途徑解決。2、哪種途徑適合我（說明理由）。HowIfinanceMyCollegeEducationWiththereformoftheeducationalsysteminChina,highereducationisnoLongerfree.Studentsmustpayfortheirschooling.Butmanyfamiliesfinditdifficulttoaffordthetuitionandfees.Howdotheysolvethisproblem?Infact,manymeasureshavebeentakentohelptalentedstudentswithfinancialdifficultytofinishtheircollegeeducation.Studentscanapplyforbankloanswhichwillcovertheirtuitionandfeesatcollegeandrepaythemoneygraduallyaftertheygraduateandearnmoney.Inthisway,thestudentscanberelievedofthefinancialpressureduringtheiryearsofstudy.Universitiesalsoprovidescholarshiporbenefitsforstudentswithhonorsorfrompoorfamilies.Inaddition,therearealsowarm-heartedvolunteerswhodonatemoneytostudentsfrompoverty-strickenareasfortheircollegeeducation.Iamluckytobeborninawell-offfamilyandmyparentsprovidemewithallmytuitionandfees.ButIdonotwanttobetotallydependentonmyparents,soItakepart-timejobsinmysparetimeandtrytosavesomemoneyformytuitionandfees.(187words)所面臨的問題(what)如何解決此問題(how)?我的途徑[2](2023.1)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:HowtoSucceedinaJobinterview?Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbasedyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.1、面試在求職過程中的作用。2、取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業知識、自信、實事求是……。HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Besideswrittendocumentslikeresumeandrecommendationletters,anemployerneedssomefirst-handinformationabouttheapplicant,suchashisappearanceandresponse.Soajobinterviewoftencomesafterone'sapplicationhasbeenaccepted.Astheemployerwillbasehisfinaldecisionontheperformanceofthecandidateintheinterview,jobinterviewsareofgreatimportancetoanyapplicant.Tosomeextent,tosucceedinajobinterviewistosucceedinacquiringthejob.Ifyouaregoingtohaveajobinterview,pleasepayattentiontothefollowingthings.Firstofall,besuretoarriveontime.lfyouarelate,evenifonlyoneminute,yourchanceofgettingthejobwillbecomegloomy.Secondly,becarefulaboutyourappearance.Yourdressshouldbeneat,formalandproperfortheoccasion.Thirdly,bepolitetoyourinterviewerbutconfidentofyourself.Yourgoodmannersandconfidencewillleaveapleasantimpressiononyourfutureboss.Ajobinterviewisbothachallengeandanopportunityforyou.Beartheabovepointsinmind,andIbelieveyoucangraspthechance.Goodluck!(190words)IntroductionGivingsuggestionsRestatement五．議論文寫作練習（模擬題）【1】ModelTestOne(Composition2)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteOnSecondMajorsofCollegestodescribethesituationandgivesuggestionsonchoosingsecondmajorsforcollegestudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.許多學校都開設了第二專業供學生選擇。學生選擇第二專業的目的多種多樣。我個人的見解是……OnSecondMajorsofCollegesNowadays,manyuniversitiesandcollegesoffervarioussecondmajorstostudentstochoosefrom.Forinstance,highermathematicsforthosewhoareinterestedinmathcompetitions;Englishforthosewhodevotethemselvestothelanguagedevelopmentandsoon.Studentschoosedifferentsecondmajorsfordifferentpurposes.Somestudentswanttofurtherupgradethemselvesinanotherfield.Theythinktheycanlearnmuchknowledgeandmoreskillsfromthecourseeventhoughitmightnotbemuchfun.Somesimplychoosewhattheylikeorfindawaytokilltheirsparetime.Theydon’tcarewhatmaybegained.Andstillotherschoosethecoursejustoutofadmirationforthehonorableandwell-knownteachers,sotheycanlearnsomethingundertheguidanceofthegreatmaster.AsfarasI’mconcerned,mysecondmajorinthistermis“AdvancedOralEnglish”.ThereasonwhyIhavechosenitisthatI’mextremelyinterestedinEnglish,especiallyoralEnglish.IthinkhavingagoodcommandoforalEnglishisaskillindispensableforjob-huntingtoday.I’veworkedhardinthiscourseandbenefitedalotfromitasaresult.【2】ModelTestTwo(Composition2)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteOnKeepingPetstodescribeandanalyzethesituationandreasonsforkeepingpetsinrecentyears.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.養寵物越來越流行。2.人們養寵物的因素是……3.養寵物產生的問題……OnKeepingPetsNowadays,thereseemstobeatendencyofkeepingpetsinagrowingnumberoffamilies.Ithasbecomeacommonphenomenoninsomecommunities:peopleincasualweartakeastrollleisurely,notforthemselvesbutfortheirdearpets.Atsocialgatherings,youheargossipsaboutexperienceintakingcareofpets.Peoplekeeppetsforgoodreasons.First,petsprovidecompanyandmakeushappyandfarfromfeelinglonely.Second,petsgiveusasenseofbeingimportantandneededbecausetheydependonusforhome,foodanddrink.Moreover,apetinafamilykeepsusintouchwithamorenatural,animalworld.Actually,somepeoplekeeppetsasasymboloftheirhighsocialstatus.Atthesametime,therearealsoproblemsthatcannotbeignored.Theincreasingnumberofpetsmaycauseserioushygieneproblems.Sopet-ownersshouldtrytokeeptheenvironmentcleanaswell.Inmanypublicplacespetsareforbiddentoenterincasetheyspreaddiseasesanddisturbotherpeople.【3】ModelTestThree(Composition2)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteOnSocialSecuritytogivesuggestionsonimprovingsocialsecurity.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.社會治安一直是我們關心的話題。2.目前的社會治安狀況還不容樂觀。3.我的建議和見解。OnSocialSecuritySocialsecurityhaslongbeenagreatconcernofdifferentlevelsofourgovernmentandthepublic.Wecannotimaginehowwecanwork,studyandlivenormallyunderturbulentcircumstances.Hencethesignificanceofsocialsecuritycanneverbeoverstated.Asamatteroffact,thepresentsituationofsocialsecurityisfarfrombeingsatisfactoryalthoughwehavetakenvariousmeasurestoprotectpeopleandinstitutionsfrombeingattacked.Almosteverydaywereadorhearthenewsofrobberies,murders,kidnappings,orevenassassinationshappeningindifferentpartsoftheworld.Whatisworseisthatnewcrimesarecommittedbymeansofhightechnology,andtheyarecalledcomputercrimes.Personally,Ithinkthatourgovernmentshouldenforcelawsandregulationsmoreefficiently.Inthemeantime,weshouldpunishthecriminalsmoreseverely.Themostimportantthingistoeducatepeopletomakethembetterandmorecivilizedcitizens.Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveamoresecuresocietytowork,studyandlivein.【4】ModelTestFour(Composition2)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionIsItNecessarytoDevelopSpeakingAbility?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:很多人認為沒有必要提高口語能力，理由是……也有人持不批準見。我的見解和打算。IsItNecessarytoDevelopSpeakingAbility?Inteachingaforeignlanguage,mostChineseinstructorsgiveprioritytothedevelopmentofreadingskills.TheytendtothinkthatspeakingpracticeisofnousebecausemostChinesestudentshavefewopportunitiestotalkwithforeigners.Thatiswhytheimpo