物理化學(xué)習(xí)題集匯編PAGEPAGE1HYPERLINK第一部分概念及術(shù)語HYPERLINKAHYPERLINKBHYPERLINKCHYPERLINKDHYPERLINKEHYPERLINKFHYPERLINKGHYPERLINKHIHYPERLINKJHYPERLINKKHYPERLINKLHYPERLINKMHYPERLINKNOHYPERLINKPHYPERLINKQHYPERLINKRHYPERLINKSHYPERLINKTUVHYPERLINKWHYPERLINKXHYPERLINKYHYPERLINKZHYPERLINK第二部分練習(xí)題HYPERLINK\h\z前言 15概念及術(shù)語 16BET公式BETformula 16DLVO理論DLVOtheory 16HLB法hydrophile-lipophilebalancemethod 16pVT性質(zhì)pVTproperty 16ζ電勢(shì)zetapotential 16阿伏加德羅常數(shù)Avogadro’number 16阿伏加德羅定律Avogadrolaw 16阿累尼烏斯電離理論Arrheniusionizationtheory 16阿累尼烏斯方程Arrheniusequation 17阿累尼烏斯活化能Arrheniusactivationenergy 17阿馬格定律Amagatlaw 17艾林方程Eryingequation 17愛因斯坦光化當(dāng)量定律Einstein’slawofphotochemicalequivalence 17愛因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokesequation 17安托萬常數(shù)Antoineconstant 17安托萬方程Antoineequation 17盎薩格電導(dǎo)理論Onsager’stheoryofconductance 17半電池halfcell 17半衰期halftimeperiod 18飽和液體saturatedliquids 18飽和蒸氣saturatedvapor 18飽和吸附量saturatedextentofadsorption 18飽和蒸氣壓saturatedvaporpressure 18爆炸界限explosionlimits 18比表面功specificsurfacework 18比表面吉布斯函數(shù)specificsurfaceGibbsfunction 18比濃粘度reducedviscosity 18標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電動(dòng)勢(shì)standardelectromotiveforce 18標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)standardelectrodepotential 18標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾反應(yīng)焓standardmolarreactionenthalpy 18標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾反應(yīng)吉布斯函數(shù)standardGibbsfunctionofmolarreaction 18標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾反應(yīng)熵standardmolarreactionentropy 19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾焓函數(shù)standardmolarenthalpyfunction 19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾吉布斯自由能函數(shù)standardmolarGibbsfreeenergyfunction 19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾燃燒焓standardmolarcombustionenthalpy 19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾熵standardmolarentropy 19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾生成焓standardmolarformationenthalpy 19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾生成吉布斯函數(shù)standardmolarformationGibbsfunction 19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平衡常數(shù)standardequilibriumconstant 19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氫電極standardhydrogenelectrode 19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)態(tài)standardstate 19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)熵standardentropy 20標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力standardpressure 20標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況standardcondition 20表觀活化能apparentactivationenergy 20表觀摩爾質(zhì)量apparentmolecularweight 20表觀遷移數(shù)apparenttransferencenumber 20表面surfaces 20表面過程控制surfaceprocesscontrol 20表面活性劑surfactants 21表面吸附量surfaceexcess 21表面張力surfacetension 21表面質(zhì)量作用定律surfacemassactionlaw 21波義爾定律Boylelaw 21波義爾溫度Boyletemperature 21波義爾點(diǎn)Boylepoint 21玻爾茲曼常數(shù)Boltzmannconstant 22玻爾茲曼分布Boltzmanndistribution 22玻爾茲曼公式Boltzmannformula 22玻爾茲曼熵定理Boltzmannentropytheorem 22泊Poise 22不可逆過程irreversibleprocess 22不可逆過程熱力學(xué)thermodynamicsofirreversibleprocesses 22不可逆相變化irreversiblephasechange 22布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)brownianmovement 22查理定律Charle’slaw 22產(chǎn)率yield 23敞開系統(tǒng)opensystem 23超電勢(shì)overpotential 23沉降sedimentation 23沉降電勢(shì)sedimentationpotential 23沉降平衡sedimentationequilibrium 23觸變thixotropy 23粗分散系統(tǒng)thickdispersesystem 23催化劑catalyst 23單分子層吸附理論monomoleculelayeradsorption 23單分子反應(yīng)unimolecularreaction 23單鏈反應(yīng)straightchainreactions 24彈式量熱計(jì)bombcalorimeter 24道爾頓定律Daltonlaw 24道爾頓分壓定律Daltonpartialpressurelaw 24德拜和法爾肯哈根效應(yīng)DebyeandFalkenhageneffect 24德拜立方公式Debyecubicformula 24德拜－休克爾極限公式Debye-Huckel’slimitingequation 24等焓過程isenthalpicprocess 24等焓線isenthalpicline 24等幾率定理theoremofequalprobability 24等溫等容位Helmholtzfreeenergy 25等溫等壓位Gibbsfreeenergy 25等溫方程equationatconstanttemperature 25低共熔點(diǎn)eutecticpoint 25低共熔混合物eutecticmixture 25低會(huì)溶點(diǎn)lowerconsolutepoint 25低熔冰鹽合晶cryohydric 26第二類永動(dòng)機(jī)perpetualmachineofthesecondkind 26第三定律熵Third-Lawentropy 26第一類永動(dòng)機(jī)perpetualmachineofthefirstkind 26締合化學(xué)吸附associationchemicaladsorption 26電池常數(shù)cellconstant 26電池電動(dòng)勢(shì)electromotiveforceofcells 26電池反應(yīng)cellreaction 27電導(dǎo)conductance 27電導(dǎo)率conductivity 27電動(dòng)勢(shì)的溫度系數(shù)temperaturecoefficientofelectromotiveforce 27電動(dòng)電勢(shì)zetapotential 27電功electricwork 27電化學(xué)electrochemistry 27電化學(xué)極化electrochemicalpolarization 27電極電勢(shì)electrodepotential 27電極反應(yīng)reactionsontheelectrode 27電極種類typeofelectrodes 27電解池electrolyticcell 28電量計(jì)coulometer 28電流效率currentefficiency 28電遷移electromigration 28電遷移率electromobility 28電滲electroosmosis 28電滲析electrodialysis 28電泳electrophoresis 28丁達(dá)爾效應(yīng)Dyndalleffect 28定容摩爾熱容molarheatcapacityunderconstantvolume 28定容溫度計(jì)ConstantvoIumethermometer 28定壓摩爾熱容molarheatcapacityunderconstantpressure 29定壓溫度計(jì)constantpressurethermometer 29定域子系統(tǒng)localizedparticlesystem 29動(dòng)力學(xué)方程kineticequations 29動(dòng)力學(xué)控制kineticscontrol 29獨(dú)立子系統(tǒng)independentparticlesystem 29對(duì)比摩爾體積reducedmolevolume 29對(duì)比體積reducedvolume 29對(duì)比溫度reducedtemperature 29對(duì)比壓力reducedpressure 29對(duì)稱數(shù)symmetrynumber 29對(duì)行反應(yīng)reversiblereactions 29對(duì)應(yīng)狀態(tài)原理principleofcorrespondingstate 29多方過程polytropicprocess 30多分子層吸附理論adsorptiontheoryofmulti-molecularlayers 30二級(jí)反應(yīng)secondorderreaction 30二級(jí)相變secondorderphasechange 30法拉第常數(shù)faradayconstant 31法拉第定律Faraday’slaw 31反電動(dòng)勢(shì)backE.M.F. 31反滲透reverseosmosis 31反應(yīng)分子數(shù)molecularity 31反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)reactionorders 31反應(yīng)進(jìn)度extentofreaction 32反應(yīng)熱heatofreaction 32反應(yīng)速率rateofreaction 32反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)constantofreactionrate 32范德華常數(shù)vanderWaalsconstant 32范德華方程vanderWaalsequation 32范德華力vanderWaalsforce 32范德華氣體vanderWaalsgases 32范特霍夫方程van’tHoffequation 32范特霍夫規(guī)則van’tHoffrule 33范特霍夫滲透壓公式van’tHoffequationofosmoticpressure 33非基元反應(yīng)non-elementaryreactions 33非體積功non-volumework 33非依時(shí)計(jì)量學(xué)反應(yīng)timeindependentstoichiometricreactions 33菲克擴(kuò)散第一定律Fick’sfirstlawofdiffusion 33沸點(diǎn)boilingpoint 33沸點(diǎn)升高elevationofboilingpoint 33費(fèi)米－狄拉克統(tǒng)計(jì)Fermi-Diracstatistics 33分布distribution 33分布數(shù)distributionnumbers 34分解電壓decompositionvoltage 34分配定律distributionlaw 34分散系統(tǒng)dispersesystem 34分散相dispersionphase 34分體積partialvolume 34分體積定律partialvolumelaw 34分壓partialpressure 34分壓定律partialpressurelaw 34分子反應(yīng)力學(xué)mechanicsofmolecularreactions 34分子間力intermolecularforce 34分子蒸餾moleculardistillation 35封閉系統(tǒng)closedsystem 35附加壓力excesspressure 35弗羅因德利希吸附經(jīng)驗(yàn)式Freundlichempiricalformulaofadsorption 35負(fù)極negativepole 35負(fù)吸附negativeadsorption 35復(fù)合反應(yīng)compositereaction 35蓋·呂薩克定律Gay-Lussaclaw 35蓋斯定律Hesslaw 35甘汞電極calomelelectrode 35感膠離子序lyotropicseries 35杠桿規(guī)則leverrule 35高分子溶液macromolecularsolution 36高會(huì)溶點(diǎn)upperconsolutepoint 36隔離法theisolationmethod 36格羅塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’slaw 36隔離系統(tǒng)isolatedsystem 37根均方速率root-mean-squarespeed 37功work 37功函workcontent 37共軛溶液conjugatesolution 37共沸溫度azeotropictemperature 37構(gòu)型熵configurationalentropy 37孤立系統(tǒng)isolatedsystem 37固溶膠solidsol 37固態(tài)混合物solidsolution 38固相線solidphaseline 38光反應(yīng)photoreaction 38光化學(xué)第二定律thesecondlawofactinochemistry 38光化學(xué)第一定律thefirstlawofactinochemistry 38光敏反應(yīng)photosensitizedreactions 38光譜熵spectrumentropy 38廣度性質(zhì)extensiveproperty 38廣延量extensivequantity 38廣延性質(zhì)extensiveproperty 38規(guī)定熵stipulatedentropy 38過飽和溶液oversaturatedsolution 38過飽和蒸氣oversaturatedvapor 38過程process 39過渡狀態(tài)理論transitionstatetheory 39過冷水super-cooledwater 39過冷液體overcooledliquid 39過熱液體overheatedliquid 39亥姆霍茲函數(shù)Helmholtzfunction 39亥姆霍茲函數(shù)判據(jù)Helmholtzfunctioncriterion 39亥姆霍茲自由能Helmholtzfreeenergy 39亥氏函數(shù)Helmholtzfunction 39焓enthalpy 39亨利常數(shù)Henryconstant 39亨利定律Henrylaw 39恒沸混合物constantboilingmixture 40恒容摩爾熱容molarheatcapacityatconstantvolume 40恒容熱heatatconstantvolume 40恒外壓constantexternalpressure 40恒壓摩爾熱容molarheatcapacityatconstantpressure 40恒壓熱heatatconstantpressure 40化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)chemicalkinetics 40化學(xué)反應(yīng)計(jì)量式stoichiometricequationofchemicalreaction 40化學(xué)反應(yīng)計(jì)量系數(shù)stoichiometriccoefficientofchemicalreaction 40化學(xué)反應(yīng)進(jìn)度extentofchemicalreaction 41化學(xué)親合勢(shì)chemicalaffinity 41化學(xué)熱力學(xué)chemicalthermodynamics 41化學(xué)勢(shì)chemicalpotential 41化學(xué)勢(shì)判據(jù)chemicalpotentialcriterion 41化學(xué)吸附chemisorptions 41環(huán)境environment 41環(huán)境熵變entropychangeinenvironment 41揮發(fā)度volatility 41混合熵entropyofmixing 42混合物mixture 42活度activity 42活化控制activationcontrol 42活化絡(luò)合物理論activatedcomplextheory 42活化能activationenergy 43霍根-華森圖Hougen-WatsonChart 43基態(tài)能級(jí)energylevelatgroundstate 43基希霍夫公式Kirchhoffformula 43基元反應(yīng)elementaryreactions 43積分溶解熱integrationheatofdissolution 43吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhemequation 43吉布斯－亥姆霍茲方程Gibbs-Helmhotzequation 43吉布斯函數(shù)Gibbsfunction 43吉布斯函數(shù)判據(jù)Gibbsfunctioncriterion 44吉布斯吸附公式Gibbsadsorptionformula 44吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy 44吉氏函數(shù)Gibbsfunction 44極化電極電勢(shì)polarizationpotentialofelectrode 44極化曲線polarizationcurves 44極化作用polarization 44極限摩爾電導(dǎo)率limitingmolarconductivity 44幾率因子stericfactor 44計(jì)量式stoichiometricequation 44計(jì)量系數(shù)stoichiometriccoefficient 45價(jià)數(shù)規(guī)則ruleofvalence 45簡(jiǎn)并度degeneracy 45鍵焓bondenthalpy 45膠凍brothjelly 45膠核colloidalnucleus 45膠凝作用demulsification 45膠束micelle 45膠體colloid 45膠體分散系統(tǒng)dispersionsystemofcolloid 45膠體化學(xué)collochemistry 45膠體粒子colloidalparticles 45膠團(tuán)micelle 45焦耳Joule 45焦耳-湯姆生實(shí)驗(yàn)Joule-Thomsonexperiment 46焦耳-湯姆生系數(shù)Joule-Thomsoncoefficient 46焦耳-湯姆生效應(yīng)Joule-Thomsoneffect 46焦耳定律Joule'slaw 46接觸電勢(shì)contactpotential 46接觸角contactangle 46節(jié)流過程throttlingprocess 46節(jié)流膨脹throttlingexpansion 46節(jié)流膨脹系數(shù)coefficientofthrottlingexpansion 46結(jié)線tieline 46結(jié)晶熱heatofcrystallization 47解離化學(xué)吸附dissociationchemicaladsorption 47界面interfaces 47界面張力surfacetension 47浸濕immersionwetting 47浸濕功immersionwettingwork 47精餾rectify 47聚（合）電解質(zhì)polyelectrolyte 47聚沉coagulation 47聚沉值coagulationvalue 47絕對(duì)反應(yīng)速率理論absolutereactionratetheory 47絕對(duì)熵absoluteentropy 47HYPERLIN