高等院校研究生英語系列教材綜合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE12Unit3

LeisureActivity

2Content

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProject3Task1WorkingroupstointerpretandcommentonthequotationsaboutleisureonPage64.Startingout4Tobeabletofillleisureintelligentlyisthelastproductofcivilization.—ArnoldToynbeeBritisheconomichistorianandsocialreformerInterpretation:Thequotationimpliesthathowtospendleisuretimeinasmartwayareamirrorofhowcivilizedasocietyis.Startingout—Task152.Leisureisthetimefordoingsomethinguseful.Thisleisurethediligentpersonwillobtain;thelazyonenever.—BenjaminFranklinAmericanscientist,publisheranddiplomatInterpretation:Whetheronecanbenefitfromleisuretimeornotdependslargelyonyourattitude.Ifyouarehardworking,thenyoumaytakefulladvantageofyourtimetopromoteself-development;butifyouarelazy,chancesarethatyouwon’tspendyourleisuretimegettingdowntosomethinguseful.Startingout—Task163.Therealdividinglinebetweenthingswecallworkandthethingswecallleisureisthatinleisure,howeveractivewemaybe,wemakeourownchoicesandourowndecisions.Wefeelforthetimebeingthatourlifeisourown.—WilliamRaymond

BritishnovelistandcriticInterpretation:Thesubstantialdifferencebetweenworkandleisureconsistsintheextentofautonomy.Itappearsthatduringleisuretimeoneisentitledtochoosehisownwayenjoyhistimetothefullestwhereasintheworkplaceoneisrequiredtocomplywithrulesandregulations.Startingout—Task174.Itisinhispleasurethatamanreallylives;itisfromhisleisurethatheconstructsthetruefabricofself.—AgnesRepplierAmericanessayistandbiographerInterpretation:Onecanderivethetruemeaningoflifefrompleasureandhappiness.Butwhatmakesapersonwhoheisdependsonhowhespendshisleisuretime.Startingout—Task185.Thosewhodecidetouseleisureasameansofmentaldevelopment,wholovegoodmusic,goodbooks,goodpictures,goodcompany,goodconversation,arethehappiestpeopleintheworld.Andtheyarenotonlyhappyinthemselves,theyarethecauseofhappinessinothers.—WilliamLyonPhelpsAmericaneducatorInterpretation:Ifyouwanttopursuehappiness,thenyoushouldspendyourleisuretimeinapositiveway,whichishelpfultoenhancingyourmentaldevelopment.Ifyouarehappy,itislikelythatyouwillbringhappinesstoothers.

Startingout—Task19Task2Matchtheclassiclinewithitscorresponding

movie.(P64)Key:2)3)4)5)6)ECAFBDStartingout—Task210Task2Iswatchingmoviesyourfavoriteleisureactivity?Whichgenreofmoviesdoyoulikebest?(P64)Usefulwordsandexpressions:documentary;literaryfilm;anime;musical;comedy;draculamovie/horrormovie/thriller;swordsmenfilm;actionfilm;detectivefilm/whodunit;ethicalfilm;featurefilm;mystery&suspense;sci-fi&fantasy;romance;newsreel;travelogue,etc

Startingout—Task211RomanceattheMoviesRomanticmoviessurelyhaveawideappealfortheaudience.Nowwatchaninterviewaboutromanceatthemovies.Listencarefullyandcompletetheblank-fillingexercise.Startingout12BriefEncounter(1945):

Nothinggetsmore_____________thanthat.No,thisisnocategoryscript,DavidLynn’sdirection.ItisamasterpieceofholdingbackandIthinksinceitwasmade____________,itwasallabout____________andkeepingthingstogetherandit’sjustbrimmingwiththe____________andtheunacted-upon.__________loveisthebestkind.glamorousduring

WWIIsacrificeunexpressedTorturedStartingout13TheLadyEve

(1941):HarryFondalearnsthatBarbaraStanwickisbasicallyaskunk(討厭鬼)andbutshe______________________sheissomebodyelseandhefallsinlovewithheragain.Andhelearnsthat,youknow,theyare_________________________,buttheyareneverasbadasyouthinkeither.Theywere_______________.

tricks

him

into

thinkingnever

as

great

as

you

thinkall

just

humanStartingout14TrulyMadlyDeeply:BecausesheloveshimsomuchthatAlanRickmancomesbacktoJulietStevenson.She’sjustoneofthegreat_____________ofalltime.OneofthethingsIloveaboutthisisinpairingthesetwotogetheristhatinfactAlanRickmanand_______________sitaroundwatchingBriefEncounterontelevision—perfectlittleconnection.It’sjustwonderfulandinfactshedoeslearnto____________and____________________inherlifewhoisliving.

crying

sceneshisghostfriendsmoveonfindanewlovelymanStartingout15TheShopAroundTheCorner:ItwasamusicalSheLovesMe,abouttwopeoplewho_________________andhatedeachother’sguts,butinfact,theyhadthiswholesecretlifeas_________and itiswhenyoulearn,thatyou know,the_________isonething, the________isanotherthing. Andyouknow,it’sallcrazyand mixed-upanditmakesupsense.workedsidebysidepenpalssurface

soulStartingout16EternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMind(2004):Itisreallyanemotionally_________film.Theyhaveasurgerytohaveeachother_______________________.Theyloatheeachother,but,no,theycometoloatheeachother,JimKerryandKateWinsletloatheeachotherandyetevenafterasurgerytopurge(purge:remove;getridof)the_________,theycannotgetthemselves________________.Sohereismydesignfor

living,forin-and-outoflove

withthesamepersonall

yourlife.

violentremovedfromeachothermemoriesoutoftheirheadsStartingout17WhyHarry’sHotReadingFocus18

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation119ListentoatalkonJ.K.Rowling,theauthorofHarrybooks,andanswerthefollowingquestions.1)WhenwasJ.KRowlingbornandwhatwasher

childhooddream?2)WhendidtheideaofHarryPotterstrikeRowling?3)WhenwasthefirstHarrybookreleasedandwhatwas

thetitleofthebook?4)Whenwasthefilmversionofthefirstbookreleased?5)WhatissaidaboutJ.KRowling’smarriages?6)WhatproblemsdidtheHarrybooksencounter?BackgroundInformation20ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding1Introduction2Author’sComment3Conclusion(Paras.1-4)(Paras.5-9)(Para.10)21IntroductionA.TheHarryPotterbooksappealtoanenormousnumberofpeople.Thefirstthreebookshaveearnedaconservatively

estimated$480millionin3years.

HarryPotter

andtheGobletofFirepromisestobreakall

previousbooksellingrecords.InBritainandNorthAmerica,thousandsofchildren

rushedtoclaimtheircopieswhenHarryPotterandthe

GobletofFirewasonsale.B.Someparentsandconservativereligiousleadersdisapproveofthe

HarryPotterbooksbecausetheythinkthatthesebooks

_____________________________________________.Readingofthebookshasbeenchallengedin25school

districtsandthebookshavebeenbannedinschoolsin

KansasandColorado.TheHarryPotterbooksbyJ.K.Rowlinghaveachievedhugesuccessinspiteofchallenges.advocatewitchcraftExample1:Example

2:Example3:Example:ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding22Author’scommentA.TheHarryPotterbooks

havemuch

merits:

Theyarebeautifullycraftedworksofentertainment,

theliterarycounterpartofStevenSpielberg.Theyamounttomuchmorethanjustthesumofparts

ofchildren’sclassic,andtheycanbereadby

childrenandadultswithequalpleasure.

Thelanguageofthebooksmaybeunadorned,butth

waywithnamingpeopleandthingsisquirkyand

original.

Adultsalsofindthebooksappealingbecauseofthe

deepintellectualisminthem.B.AdisadvantageoftheHarryPotterbooksisanabsenceof

___________________inthefirstfourbooks.

Example1:Example

2:Example3:aninterestingvillainReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingExample4:23ConclusionBothchildrenandadultsenjoyreadingthebooks.Thebooksintroduceyoungreaderstoaveryhighstandard

ofentertainment.ThereiseveryreasontosaythatHarryPotterpossesses_________________________.A.B.alltheearmarksofaclassicReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding24Task2Workingroupstodecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothepassage.(P73)

Key:2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10FFTTFTFFFFReadingFocus

–

DetailedInformation25CriticalThinkingReadingFocus26StepOneInthetext,theauthorsaysthat

“Rowling’snovelsareprobablythebestbookschildrenhaveeverencounteredthathaven’tbeenthrustuponthembyanadult.”

Didyoureadanybookslikethatduringyourchildhood?Whatdidyouthinkofthem?Workingroupsandtalkaboutthefavoritebooksorstoriesofyourchildhoods.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking27StepTwoDiscussingroupsandworkoutalistofthefeaturesthatmakeachildren’sbookaclassic.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking28Withafirstprintingof5.3millioncopiesandadvanceorderstopping1.8million,HarryPotterandtheGobletofFire,thefourthinstallmentoftheseries,promisestobreakeverybooksellingrecord.(Para.1)installment:1)oneofthepartsofastorythatappearsasaseriesof

parts,especiallyinamagazine,newspaper,etc.e.g.

thefirstinstallmentofasciencefictiontrilogy2)Oneofanumberofsuccessivepaymentsinsettlement

ofadebt.e.g.

*_____________________________(用分期付

款的方式購物)hasbecomeepidemicinrecentyears.

*They’relettingmepayforthewashingmachine

_________________(按月付款地方式).BuyinggoodsontheinstallmentplanbymonthlyinstallmentsReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

292.Amazingly,Rowlingkeepsherseveralplotlinesclearofeachotheruntiltheend,whenshedeftlybringseverythingtogetherinacataclysmicconclusion.(Para.2)deftly:adv.deft:adj.movingquicklyandwithskill機敏的，靈巧的

cataclysmic:sudden,shocking,andviolent突然的；駭人的；劇烈的e.g.

Acataclysmiceventhadshakenherparents'marriage.

一場劇變動搖了她父母的婚姻。

翻譯：讓人稱奇的是，羅琳讓每一冊書的情節相互獨立，但最后，她卻能夠巧妙地把它們銜接起來，形成一個意想不到的結局。ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

303.TheonlysournotesinallthesongsofjoyoverthisphenomenonhavecomefromparentsandconservativereligiousleaderswhosayRowlingadvocateswitchcraft.(Para.4)

“notes”figurativelymeansaparticularqualityinsomeone’svoicethatshowshowtheyarefeeling.e.g.1)Therewasanoteofdoubtinhervoice.2)Itwasnotdifficultforhimtocatchthenoteof

bitternessinmyvoice.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

314.ButperhapsthemostcuriousthingaboutthePotterphenomenon,especiallygiventhatitisallaboutbooks,isthatalmostnoonehastakenthetimetosayhowgood—orbad—thesebooksare.(Para.5)

“given”means“considering”.e.g.1)_______________________(考慮到這樣的情況),

you'vedonereallywell.2)Usually,Iamsensiblewithmoney,asIhaveto

be,__________________________(考慮到我沒有

賺那么多錢).

GiventhecircumstancesgiventhatIearnthatmuchReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

325.There’snotellingwhichbookswillsurvivefromonegenerationtothenext.(Para.5)

Paraphrase:Itishardtotellwhichbookswillsurvivefromonegenerationtothenext.e.g.很難說今晚誰會出現。

There'snotellingwhoisgoingtoshowup

tonight.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

336.Herprosemaybeunadorned,butherwaywithnamingpeopleandthingsrevealsaquirkyandoriginaltalent.(Para.7)

unadorned;adorn;adornmente.g.1)Hishouseislavishly____________.2)Japanesefoodisonthewholesuperb,one

ofthe______________oftheculture.3)Theroomistypicallysimpleand

_____________,withwhitewallsandatiled

floor.

adornedadornmentsunadornedReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

347.Thebestwritersrememberwhatitisliketobeachildwithastonishingintensity.(Para.8)

“withastonishingintensity”means“strongly”.Thissentencemeansthatthebestwritersarekeenlyawareofwhatistypicalofachild.e.g.WhenLouisisaloneheseeswithastonishingintensity,andwillwritesomewordsthatmayoutlastusall.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

358.Timeandagain,Rowlingarticulatesjusthowdefenselesseventhebravestchildrenoftenfeel.(Para.8)

articulate(v.):1)expressyourideasorfeelingsinwordse.g.Manypeopleareunabletoarticulatethe

unhappinesstheyfeel.2)berelatedandexiste.g.Thenewcourseisdesignedtoarticulate

withthecurrentdegreecourse.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

36

articulate(adj.):1)(ofaperson)goodatexpressingideasor

feelingsclearlyinwordse.g.1)

Sheisahighlyarticulatewoman.2)Itgivesanarticulatedescriptionofthe

drug’seffect.

2)(ofspeech)clearlyexpressedorpronouncede.g.Allwecouldhearwereloudsobs,butno

articulatewords.

Ant.:inarticulate

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

379.ButIdon’tthinkthebookswouldhavetheirbroadappealiftheywereonlyexcitingtalesofmagicaladventure,andIknowadultswouldnotfindthemsoenticing.(Para.8)

Thissentenceisputinthesubjuntivemood.“havetheirbroadappeal”means“吸引這么廣泛的群體”.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

38

appeal(n.):1)aqualitythatmakespeoplelikesomethingorsomeonee.g.1)

這個島嶼有什么特別的吸引之處？

Whatistheparticularappealofthisisland?2)Thefilmhasgreatappealforyoungaudiences.2)anurgentrequestforsomethingimportante.g.1)

Alltheorganizationsinvolvedhavesenturgentappealstothegovernment,askingforextrafunding.

2)Thegirl'sfamilyhavemadeapublicappealforhelptotryandcatchherkiller.

3)aformalrequesttoacourtortosomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechanged

e.g.Hehaslodgedanappealagainstthesizeofthefine.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

39

appeal(v.):1)beattractivee.g.Theideaofworkingabroadreallyappealstome.2)makeanurgentrequestforsomethingimportante.g.Thepolicehaveappealedtoanyonewith

informationtocomeforwardandtalktothem.

3)aformalrequesttoacourtortosomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechanged

e.g.Appealingtotherefereedoesnotoftenresultina

decisionbeingchanged.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

40Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-Task1Choosethesentenceinwhichtheunderlinedwordhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentencequotedfromthepassage.

(P.75)ABABBBCAReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

41Task21)Howdoesourproduct________________thoseofourcompetitors?2)Mr.

Jenkins’argumentsforstability_________________withEurope’stwomostpowerfulpoliticians.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatephrasefromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.

(P76)stackupagainststruckachordstackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amountto keepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickupon

ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

423)Thecourtdecidedthatthecompany’sactions________________unfairdismissal.4)Youcouldimprovethetreeby_________________someoftheupperbranches.5)Itincludestipsonhowtowriteforkidsandwhycertainstories__________________differentages.6)Hehaslearnedto_________________hissuperior’smoodsandactaccordingly.amountedtochoppingoffstackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amounttokeepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickupon

appealtopickuponReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

437)Asit_______________,hepassedtheexamquiteeasily.8)Sympathyfortherebels,thegovernmentclaims,isbeginningto_________________.9)We___________________researchersfromthreedifferentuniversitiestoworkontheproject.turnedoutfadedawaystackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amounttokeepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickuponbroughttogetherReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

4410)Thisisthemostdelicatedealthatwe’veever________________:wehavereasontobeproudofourselves.11)I’vehadthreeoftheneighbors’children____________mefortheafternoon.12)Allexitsmust_________________baggage.pulledoffthrustonstackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amounttokeepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickupon

bekeptclearofReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

45Task3ReadtheexcerptfromtheHarryPotterbooks,thenfillinthetenblanks.(P77)Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-swirlingdeliveredglowedintervalsconvergewanderingsnavigatejealousypresenceabsorbedReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

46PracticalTranslation47

狀語從句包括時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句等。狀語從句的翻譯:1.語序處理1)很多情況下，翻譯狀語從句時，語序仍可以遵循原文的

語序;2)有時候，翻譯狀語從句時，可將其位置前移;

2.轉換譯法在有些情況下，按照上下文的需要，在翻譯某種狀語從句時要將它譯成其他類型的狀語從句，使譯文更符合漢語習慣。狀語從句的翻譯481.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,dishonestpeoplearegivenachancetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof"art".

當審查放寬時，招搖撞騙之徒就會有機可乘，在“藝術”的幌子下炮制出形形色色的東西來。

2.Thepoliciesopentodevelopingcountriesaremorelimitedthanforindustrializednationsbecausethepropereconomiesrespondlesstochangingconditionsandadministrativecontrol.

由于貧窮國家的經濟對形勢變化的適應能力差一些，政府對這種經濟的控制作用也小一些，所以發展中國家所能采取的政策比起工業化國家來就更有局限性。在翻譯時間狀語從句時，遵循了原文的語序。翻譯時，將原因狀語從句位置前移，符合漢語習慣。493.Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.

例如,他們(測試)并不對社會總的不平等作出補償，因此，測試不能告訴我們，一個社會地位低下的年輕人如果生活在較為優越的條件下，會有多大的才能。4.Electricityissuchapartofoureverydaylivesandsomuchtakenforgrantednowadaysthatwerarelythinktwicewhenweswitchonthelightorturnontheradio.

電在我們的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要，而且現在人們認為電是想當然的事，所以我們在開電燈或開收音機時，就很少再去想一想電是怎么來的。Thus是表示結果的副詞，翻譯時語序不變。這里，將結果狀語從句“such…that/so…that”轉移成原因狀語從句，使語意更加清楚。505.Theysethimfreewhenhisransomhadnotyetbeenpaid.雖然他還沒有交贖金，但他們還是把他釋放了。6.WhileIgranthishonesty,Isuspecthismemory.雖然我對他的誠實沒有疑義，我對他的記憶力卻感到懷疑。7.Nomatterwhatmisfortunebefellhim,healwayssquaredhisshouldersandsaid:“Nevermind,I’llworkharder.”不管他遭受什么不幸事兒，他總是把胸一挺，說“沒關系，我

再加把勁兒。”這里，將when引導的時間狀語從句轉移成讓步狀語從句，語意更明確。這里，將while引導的時間狀語從句轉移成讓步狀語從句，更符合漢語習慣。Nomatter引導的讓步狀語從句較符合漢語結構，翻譯時語序和語義也無需替換。518.Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.盡管幾乎每個歷史學家對史學都有自己的界定，但現代史學家的實踐最趨向于認為歷史學是試圖重現過去的重大史實并對其做出解釋。

這里，將while引導的時間狀語從句轉移成讓步狀語從句，更符合漢語習慣。52TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.Payparticularattentiontotheadverbialclauses.ParagraphOne

Whatevertheexplanation,theideaofawork-lifebalanceisastapleofEuropeandiscourse,studiedinthinktanks,mulledoverbypolicymakers.IntheUS,theterm,whenit’susedatall,issaidwiththesortofsneerreservedforthosewhoeatquiche.Butitmightstillcatchon.WhenBillKellerwasnamedexecutiveeditoroftheNewYorkTimeslastweek,heencouragedthestafftodo“alittlemoresavoring”oflife,spendingtimewiththeirfamiliesorviewingart.53TranslationforReference:不管如何解釋，工作與生活的平衡總是歐洲人的主要談資，同時也是智囊團和政策制定者研究和考慮的主題。在美國，人們使用這個說法時總是帶著幾分針對那些吃蛋奶火腿餡餅的有閑人士才會表現出來的冷嘲熱諷的態度。但是，它可能還是會流行起來的。時任《紐約時報》執行主編的比爾?凱勒曾鼓勵員工們要給生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣賞藝術。54ParagraphTwoP.L.Travers,theauthoroftheMaryPoppinsbooks,putitbestwhenshewrote,“Youdonotchopoffasectionofyourimaginativesubstanceandmakeabookspecificallyforchildren,for—ifyouarehonest—youhave,infact,noideawherechildhoodendsandmaturitybegins.Itisallendlessandallone.”ThereisplentyforchildrenandadultstoenjoyinRowling’sbooks,startingwiththeirlanguage.Herprosemaybeunadorned,butherwaywithnamingpeopleandthingsrevealsaquirkyandoriginaltalent.55TranslationforReference:《歡樂滿人間》的作者帕梅拉·林登·特拉弗斯概括得精辟之極。她寫到，“你不能把你想象的東西砍掉一部分然后寫成一本專給孩子看的書，坦白地說，因為事實上你根本無從知道童年究竟是什么時候結束的而成人期又是什么時候開始的。它們互相連接、渾然一體。”在羅琳的書中，從語言開始，就有足夠多的讓大人和孩子都喜歡的東西。也許她的文風樸實，但是她給人和物命名的方式顯示了獨特的原創才能。56DescriptiveEssays(2)FocusedWriting57DescribingprocessesandmechanismsInscientifictexts:

Stepsorproceduresinaprocessarebestdescribedobjectively,usingthepassivevoice.

Indescribingprocesses:Besuretofollowatimesequence.

Connectives:

‘first,‘second’,‘then’,‘next’and‘finally’.FocusedWriting—WritingSkill582.DescribinggraphsA.Wordsorphrasesdescribingatrend.

VerbalPhrases/VerbsNounsrise/increase/ascend/goup/climb/grow/expand;surge/soar/shootup/rocket/skyrocket/jump;beontherise;beontheincreasea(n)rise/increase/growth/boom/surge/expansion/hikeupswing/growthFocusedWriting—WritingSkill59A.Wordsorphrasesdescribingatrend.

VerbalPhrases/VerbsNo