必修四Unit3語法動詞ing---作表語.定語.賓語補足語動詞ing形式是動詞的一種謂語形式，有動詞原形加ing構(gòu)成，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞。可以在句子中用作主語，表語，賓語，賓語補足語，狀語和定語。用作表語。表示主語的內(nèi)容，可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語。多表示一般性或抽象行為。Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjobo 她的工作是盡量使扌艮告廳保持干凈。表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)（動詞ing相當(dāng)一個形容詞）Theproblemisquitepuzzling.這個問題很令困惑。常用來作表語白勺現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。Thenewsisquiteastonishing. 這個消息令人吃'驚。全析提示：動詞-ing形式作表語時,其邏輯主語往往是句子中的主語，但用作表語的ing形式也可帶有自己的邏輯主語。Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.是我最擔(dān)心的是，她每天都工作很晚。（stayingtoolateeverynight的邏輯主語是her）動詞-ing形式作表語與進行時態(tài)的區(qū)別：進行時態(tài)表示主語正在做什么，而動詞-ing形式作表語只是說明主語的特性或情況。Mikeislisteningtomusic.邁克正在聽音樂。（當(dāng)前正在進行的動作）MikesfavoritehobbyislisteningtdS血最:大的愛好的聽音樂（說明主語的情況）作定語

1單個的動詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。①說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。女口：aswimmingpool,drinkingwaterareadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading閱覽室runningshoes=shoesforrunning 跑鞋aworkingmethod=amethodforworking 工作方法②表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個定語從句，可以表示正在進行的動作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動作或當(dāng)時的狀態(tài)。單個的動訶ing形式一般放在它所修飾的名詞前.相當(dāng)于形容詞，可有比他們演奏的音樂是如此令人興奮

我們昨晚看的電影十分感人。fallingleaves落葉aleadingpart他們演奏的音樂是如此令人興奮

我們昨晚看的電影十分感人。fallingleaves落葉aleadingpart主角Themusictheyareplayingsoundsexciting.Thefilmwesawlastnightisquitemoving,afrighteningstory恐怖故事asmilingface笑臉developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping發(fā)展中國家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起來很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困擾人的問題注意：動詞-ing形式與不定式作定語的區(qū)別：（詳見第二單元）（I功詞-ing作定語，多表示現(xiàn)在進行或經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作。②不定式作定語，多表示將來發(fā)生的具體動作。（不定式作定語，一定要后置）Ipreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.2.作定語的動詞-ing形式如是一個短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面,做后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。如果是動詞-ing短語，則放在它所修飾的名詞的后面。表示存在的狀態(tài)或者一般的情況，或強調(diào)與謂語動詞同時或基本同時發(fā)生并進行，但是v.-ing的完成式一般作狀語而不做定語。女口：Thegirl_wearingaredroseonherheadismyyoungersister.

一個河里游泳的男孩他們住在一所朝南的房子里。你認(rèn)識在打籃球的那個小男孩嗎？正在訪問日本的那個男人是我叔叔.一個河里游泳的男孩他們住在一所朝南的房子里。你認(rèn)識在打籃球的那個小男孩嗎？正在訪問日本的那個男人是我叔叔.Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.二Theylivedinahousewhichisfacingsouth。Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasket?二Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingbasket?ThemanvisitingJapanismyuncle。=ThemanwhoisvisitingJapanismyuncle.注意：如果動詞-ing形式與其邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系，則用動詞-ing形式的被動形式。Thebuildingbeingbuilttherewillbeasupermarket.那里正建的樓將是超市。三?做賓語補足語動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語，即用來補充說明賓語的動作或情況。動Ming形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個正在進行的主動性的動作，強調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。Whenwereturned,wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.2、當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，原來作賓語補足語的動詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補足語。Theyfoundthefilmveryexciting.=Thefilmisfoundveryexciting.3.這種用法通常用在下列幾類動詞中，后接賓語然后加上動詞-ing,構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，動詞-ing充當(dāng)賓補成分.(1.)表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動詞,常見的有see,taste,hear,feel,smell,find,watch,catch,notice,observelookat,listento等）+sb_+doingsth（作賓補）我感覺有人站在我后面。我看見一個陌生人溜進了經(jīng)理的辦公室。I|felt|somebodystanding我感覺有人站在我后面。我看見一個陌生人溜進了經(jīng)理的辦公室。l|caught|astrangerslidingintothemanager'soffice.WhenIwokeup,當(dāng)我醒來，我感覺整個世界在晃動。WhenIwokeup,Weheardthetelephonering. 我們聽見電話在響表不動作正在進行，Weheardthetelephoneringing.表不（或強調(diào)）動作的全過程。（2.）表示指使蕭義的動詞使役動詞,后接動詞-ing作賓補.常見的有have,set,find,keep,get,catch,leave等+sb/sth+doingsth（作賓補）Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。Iwon'thavevourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。Youshouldn'tkeep\ourlightsburninsinthedav.你白天不應(yīng)開燈。Thissetsmethinking.這使我思考.WangPingwoifthaveYonghuigettingawaywithtellingpeoplelies.王鵬不會放過永慧對人們?nèi)鲋e。注意：have+賓語+doing用于否定句中，表示允許，容忍的意思。Iwon'thaveanyonesmokinginhere.我不容許任何人在這里抽煙。4.在有些動詞regard,describe,accept,thinkof,quote之后，可由as引出動詞-ing詞組作賓補.Theydescribethefilmasbeingattractive.他們說這電影很吸引人。5.用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Withtheboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficultyfindngtheoldman'shouse.有了那個人小男孩的指路，我們毫不費力就找到那老人的家。語法練習(xí):MyfavoritecartooncharacterisMickeyMouse.Ifsso thatweoftenfeel whenweseeit.A.exciting,exciting B.excited,exciting C.exciting,excited D.excited,excitedIt'snogood .Youshouldgive .A.tosmoke,itup B.smoking,itup C.smoking,upit D.tosmoke,upitSnowwasfallingwhentheywenttheywentalongapath tothemountain.A.tolead B.led C.leafing D.beingled—Tomsaidsomethingstrangeattheconference.—Hisremarksleftme abouthisrealpurpose.A.wonder B.wondering C.wondered D.wonders—Mybestfriend^inabadmood.—Howabout hersomeflowers?A.giving B.given C.togive D.give byotherswhenyoudonothingwrongatallisquiteabadexperience.A.Havingbeenmisunderstood B.BeingmisunderstoodC.Havingmisunderstood D.MisunderstoodWithtwochildren middleschoolinthenearbytownnow,theparentareworkinghard.A.toattend B.attending C.attended D.havingattendedremembermyfather_metotheseasidewhenIwasasmallchild.Weforgot_atowelandIfeltverycold.A.taking,totake B.totake,taking C.take,taking9.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone forhelp?A.calling B.call C.tocall10Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic smoothly.A.taking,totake B.totake,taking C.take,taking9.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone forhelp?A.calling B.call C.tocall10Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic smoothly.A.beingrun B.run C.torunD.take,takenD.calledD.runningsmellsomething inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburntA.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry,withsomuchwork mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filled B.filling C.tofill D.beingfilledAftertheearthquake,thehousemadeofwoodremained whereitis.A.tostand B.stood C.stands D.standingThewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket thedesert.A.covering B.covered C.cover D.tocoverTherearehundredsofvisitors infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVincentvanGogh'spaintings.A.waited B.towait C.waiting D.waitThegovernmentplanstobringinlaws parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.A.forced B.forcing C.tobeforced D.havingforcedRussandEarlwereautomechanics thesamepay,butEarlhadmoreambition.A.toearn B.tohaveearned C.earning D.earnedReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therearepictures inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toform B.form C.forming D.havingformedDon'tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.run B.running C.beingrun D.torunTheoldman, abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.working C.tohaveworked D.havingworkedPeterreceivedaletterjustnow hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.A.said B.says C.saying D.tosayListen!Doyouhearsomeone forhelp?A.calling B.call C.tocall D.called—Whydoyoulooksad?—Therearesomanyproblems .A.remainingtosettleB.remainedsettingC.remainingtobesettledD.remainedtobesettled"Wemustkeepasecretofthethings here,^^thegeneralsaid, atthemaninchargeoftheinformationoffice.A.discussed;staredseriously B.beingdiscussed;seriouslystaringC.tobediscussed;seriouslystared D.discussed;tostareseriouslyThenewswas ,andtherewasa lookonherface.A.shocking;frighteningB.shocked;frightenedC.shocking;frightenedD.shocked;frighteningTheflowers sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B. smelling C.smelt D.tobesmeltTheladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe .A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20remainedD.remaining20dollars—WhatisMrBlack?—Hisjobis pancakes.A.tobesoldB.sold C.havingsoldD.sellingThesearethebooks mybrother.A.belongedtoB.belongingto C.thatarebelongedtoD.belongtoJohnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletter himit.A.offeredB.offering C.toofferD.tobeofferedChaplinwasverygood