課程主題：謂語動詞學習目標掌握謂語動詞的基本用法。結合高考真題及模擬題分析謂語動詞的考點。教學內容【知識梳理】考點一動詞的時態動詞各種時態的形式(以do為例)，加粗的為課標要求掌握的十大時態，其余了解即可。一般時態進行時態完成時態完成進行時態現在do/doesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing過去didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing將來will/shalldowill/shallbedoingwill/shallhavedonewill/shallhavebeendoing過去將來would/shoulddowould/shouldbedoingwould/shouldhavedonewould/shouldhavebeendoing一、一般現在時(do/does)1.表示經常或習慣性的動作，常與表頻率的時間狀語連用；也可表示現時的情況或狀態等。例1NewyearinChinesepeople’seyesmeansafamilyreunion.Everyyear_sees_(see)thelargestannualmassmigrationontheplanetwhenonesixthoftheworld’spopulationtravelshometocelebratewiththeirfamilies.2.表示觀事實、普遍真理，不受主句的時態限制。例2Thegeographyteachertoldhisstudentsthattheearth_moves_(move)aroundthesun.3.在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現在時代替一般將來時。例3Mymotherwillbeveryangrywithmewhenshe_finds_(find)outI’mlying.二、一般過去時(did)1.表示過去某個特定時間或某段時間內所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例4[2021新高考Ⅰ,61]Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit_was(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.2.在表示時間或條件等的狀語從句中代替過去將來時。例5Heknewbythetimehe_arrived(arrive)shewouldhavepreparedeverythingforhim.3.用于虛擬語氣句中，表示與現在事實相反的行為或狀態。例6Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathedid(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.三、一般將來時(will/shalldo)表示將要發生的動作或將來存在的狀態,常與表示將來時間的狀語連用,如:tomorrow,nextmonth/...,fromnowon,inthefuture等。例7Agapyearisaboutgainingskillsthatwillhelp(help)youinthefuture.四、現在完成時(have/hasdone)1.表示過去發生并已完成的某個動作,強調對現在造成的影響或產生的結果,常與yet,already,just,before,recently,lately,ever等時間狀語連用。例8Thankstoadvancesintechnology,thewaywemakefriendsandcommunicatewiththem_haschanged_(change)significantly.2.表示開始于過去、持續到現在并可能持續下去的動作或狀態。常與thesedays,uptonow,sofar,"for+時間段"或"since+時間點"等連用。例9[2018北京,7]China’shigh-speedrailways_havegrown__(grow)from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.3.常用現在完成時的固定句型：This/Itisthefirst/second/...time+(that)從句.This/Itisthe+形容詞最高級+名詞+(that)從句.Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since從句.例10Iamnotfamiliarwiththesong—it’sthefirsttimeIhaveheard(hear)it.五、過去完成時(haddone)1.表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經完成或結束的動作,是"過去的過去"。例11[2020江蘇,26]InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasIhadexpected(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.2.表示從過去某一時刻之前已經開始,一直持續到這一過去時刻的動作或狀態。常和for,by,until,before等構成的時間狀語連用。例12InBeijing,there_hadbeen(be)morethan21,100peopleonthelistbytheendof2017sincethecitystartedabodydonationregistryin1999.3.常用過去完成時的固定句型:hardly/scarcely...when...nosooner...than...This/Itwasthefirst/second/...time+(that)從句.例13Myparentswereveryanxiousaboutme,becauseitwasthefirsttimethatIhadlived(live)abroadalone.4.表示"希望、認為、打算"的動詞(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,plan,intend)用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現。例14[2019天津，2]Ihadhoped(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn’tmanageit.六、現在進行時和過去進行時(am/is/aredoing和was/weredoing)1.表示某一時刻或某一時間段內正在進行的動作。例15ProfessorJohnson,alongwithhisstudents,_isworking(work)ontheprogramdayandnighttomeetthedeadlinenowadays.2.表示按計劃或安排將要進行的動作。例16Tomhadtopackhisthingsupquickly,becausehewastoldthatthistaxi_wasleaving(leave)in2minutes.3.用于固定句型"bedoing...when..."中。例17Jackson_wasworking(work)onhisreportwhentheprofessorphonedhim.【課堂練習】1.ImpressedbythebeautyofadesertbesidetheYellowRiver,WangWeistoppedoffandwrote(write)atimelessclassicpoem:"Inthevastdesertrisesstraight,lonelysmoke;thegrand,longriver_reflects__(reflect)theroundsettingsun."2.Overthepastdecade,aglobalpushtoreducehungerandextremepovertyhasmarked(mark)somesignificantsuccess3.Itwastimeformetotrymyhand,soItookupthebrush,_dipped_(dip)itintheink,andcarefullywrote"one"inChinese.4.Whenwereadapoem,weoftenimaginewhatthepoetswerethinking(think)whentheywroteorwhattheyweredoingatthetime.5.ForthepastfourdaysIhavebeentaking(take)partinadisabilityartsfestivalasamemberofachoir(合唱團)setupspeciallytoperformatthisfestival.Lookingforwardtothedayofperformance!6.Bythetimehewasfourteenyearsold,Einsteinhadlearned/learnt(learn)advancedmathematicsallbyhimself.7.Ifwekeepondoingthispractice,gradually,wewilllearn(learn)howtoexpressourselvesinEnglishbetter.8.Justinapologizedtohisteacherandpromisedthathewouldcorrect(correct)hismistakes.9.Ihadexpected(expect)toattendanotherlecturebuttimedidn’tpermit.10.—Hi,let’sgoskating.—Sorry,I’mbusyrightnow.Iamfilling(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.【知識梳理】考點二動詞的語態一、被動語態的構成現在過去將來一般時態am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedone進行時態am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成時態has/havebeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendone例1Whenheturnedprofessionalattheageof11,Mike_wasexpected(expect)tobecomeaworldchampionbyhiscoachandparents.【例題精講】例2Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,whichiscalled(call)thePacific,andwemetnostorms.例3Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts_willberewarded__(reward)withsuccessintheend.例4Shakespeare’splayHamlet_hasbeenadapted(adapt)fordifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.例5Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_wasbeingdecorated(decorate).二、無被動語態的動詞(短語)1.不及物動詞(短語)：happen,occur,takeplace,remain,runout,breakout等。2.少數及物動詞(短語)：lack,benefit,mean(意思是),belongto,sufferfrom,datebackto,consistof等。常考查其作非謂語的用法。例6Mrs.Smithsaysthesecrettoherbeautyliesinherspecialdiet,consisting(consist)oforganicvegetables,fruitandnutsgrowninherowngarden.例7Inthesixteenthcentury,fruitandvegetablesweretobefoundonlyingardensbelonging(belong)towealthypeople.三、主動形式表被動意義1."系動詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste等+形容詞/名詞"。例8Thewaterfelt(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.2."need,require,want,beworth等+v-ing"。例9Mywatchcan’twork;itneedsrepairing(repair).例10It’sworth_making__(make)anappointmentbeforeyougo.3.某些行為動詞常與well，easily等副詞連用表示被動意義，如read,write,clean,cook,sell等。例11Thenovelsells(sell)well,sothemanagerhasplacedanotherorderintheprintinghouse.【課堂練習】1.Thiskindofclothhasbeensoldoutinnotimeatthetradefairbecauseit_washes(wash)veryeasily.2.[2016江蘇，22]Moreefforts,asreported,willbemade(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.3.TheMid-AutumnFestivalisaveryimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina,whichtakesitsnamefromthefactthatitiscelebrated(celebrate)inthemiddleofautumn.4.Thetowerwhich_isbeingrestored_(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Aswecansee,theworkisalmostfinished.5.Bythetimehewas30,hehadbeenregarded(regard)asoneoftheoutstandingsculptors.6.Ourfootballteam_wasdefeated(defeat)bythevisitingteam,whichmadeourfanssadanddisappointed.7.Dr.Mantecahasmadeitclearthathisprivatecollectionswillbeleft(leave)totheNationalGalleryafterhedies.【知識梳理】考點三主謂一致一、語法一致原則語法一致原則即主語和謂語動詞在人稱和單復數形式上保持一致。1.單個動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)或從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數。例1Althoughmedicalsciencehasachievedcontroloverseveraldangerousdiseases,whatworriesusis(be)thatsomeofthemarereturning.2.主語后接with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,except,but,besides,aswellas等時，謂語動詞的單復數形式與這些詞前的主語保持一致。例2Theoutstandingatmosphere,aswellasvariousactivities,_hasdrawn_(draw)manystudentstoourschoolthesethreeyears.3.定語從句中關系代詞作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞的單復數形式要與先行詞保持一致。例3Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworkswhichwerewritten (write)bywritersinancienttimes.二、意義一致原則主語謂語動詞1all,some,half,most,therest等或由其修飾與表達的實際意義一致some/half/most/therest/百分數/分數+of+名詞與of后名詞的數一致2alargenumberof+復數名詞(許多……)復數thenumberof+復數名詞(……的數量)單數3a(great/large)quantityof+可數名詞復數/不可數名詞單、復數均可/單數 (large)quantitiesof+可數名詞復數/不可數名詞復數主語謂語動詞4"the+形容詞"表示一類人復數"the+姓氏復數"表示一家人5表示時間、距離、價值、度量等意義的復數名詞作主語時,常當作整體來看單數6police,cattle等表示復數含義的集合名詞復數7sheep,means,series,species等單復數同形的名詞與表達的實際意義一致8audience,class,team,crew,family,group,committee,population等作主語時指一個整體單數指組成集體的成員復數9and連接并列成分作主語時表示不同概念復數指同一人或物單數【例題精講】例4Threequartersofthesurfaceoftheearthiscovered_(cover)bywater.例5Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhichweresaved(save)forotherpurposes.例6ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitieshasbeenrising(rise)steadilysince1990.例7Alargenumberofvolunteershavebeeninvolved(involve)inthebattleagainstCOVID-19sinceitsoutbreak.例8Withthedevelopmentofmodernagricultureandindustry,largequantitiesofwastearecreated(create)everyday.Everyyear,alargequantityofmoney_isspent(spend)onenvironmentalprotection.例9Asurveyoftheopinionsofexpertsshowsthatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweekis(be)goodforone’shealth.例10Sofar,everypossiblemeans_hasbeentried(try)tosavetheminerstrappedinthecoalmine.例11Thepopulationofourcountryisverylargeandabout36percentofitistheruralpopulation.(be)例12Thepoetandartist_is__(be)LinHua’sgrandfather.HetellsusalotaboutChineseliteratureandpainting.三、就近一致原則1.由either...or(或者……或者)，neither...nor(既不……也不，兩者都不)，notonly...butalso(不但……而且),or(或者),whether...or(是……還是),not...but(不是……而是)等連接的并列名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數形式與最靠近的名詞或代詞保持一致。例13Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents_is__(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.例14NotonlyIbutalsoAlbertandMaryare(be)fondofphysics,whileRobertlikesmaths.2.there/herebe句型中有并列主語時，謂語動詞be在數上與最靠近的主語保持一致。例15There_is__(be)acomputerandthreechairsinmynewoffice.【課堂練習】1.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat_is__(be)awinnerofthescholarshipeveryyear.2.Iwanttoborrowthesetwobooks,whichare(be)myfavourite.3.Afterweeksofresearch,thisnewspecies_is/wasidentified_(identify)aspartofthesauropod(蜥腳類恐龍)familyofdinosaurs.4.Thecoupleaswellastheirdaughterareenjoying(enjoy)themselvesintheparknow.5.Thus,bothofthem_were__(be)worriedaboutwhathadhappenedandturnedtotheirheadteacherforhelp.6.Myvillage,wheretheclimateandthelandscapeare(be)pleasant,liesinthemountainsinsouthwestChina.7.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesofinternationalstudents_arearound$8,450ayear,which_is__aburdenformanyfamilies.(be)8.Thefactisthatthereisonlyonecorrectanswertothisquestion.EitheryouorIam(be)wrong.9.Asurveyshowsthat80%ofthemiddle-agedinthiscityare(be)infavouroftheproposalforhealthcarereform.10.Largequantitiesoffoodhavebeensent_(send)totheflood-strickenvictimsinthepastfewdays.11.Sofar,readinghasbecome(become)suchanimportantpartinmylifethatIcanhardlyimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutreading.12.Everypossiblemeans_has_beenused__(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.13.Thereareanumberofclubsinourschoolandthenumberofmembers_is(be)stillgrowing.14.Whatisamazingabouttheseearthbuildingsis(be)thefactthatsomeofthemareover700yearsold,survivingnaturaldisasters,includingearthquakes.Heis(be)capableofdealingwithtoughproblemsandallofusarewillingtoworkwithhim.【知識梳理】考點四情態動詞一、情態動詞的基本用法情態動詞用法例句can/could①表示能力，意為"能,會"。②表示客觀可能性，意為"有時會;可能"。③表示推測,通常用于否定句和疑問句中，can比could語氣強。Don’tworryyourselfaboutme,Icantakecareofmyself.你別擔心我,我能照顧好自己。Shecan’tbeMary,becauseMaryisinhospital.她不可能是瑪麗，因為瑪麗住院了。情態動詞用法例句may/might①表示請求和許可,意為"可以"。在疑問句中,might比may的語氣更委婉。②表示推測,意為"可能"。通常用于肯定句和否定句中,might比may的可能性要小一些。—MightIgofishingwithyoutomorrow?明天我可以和你一起去釣魚嗎？—Yes,youmay/can.是的，你可以。情態動詞用法例句shall表示命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。用于主語是第二人稱或第三人稱的陳述句中。TellJerryheshallgetagiftifhebehaveswell.告訴Jerry，他如果表現得好，會得到一個禮物。should①表示責任、義務、勸告、建議等,意為"應該"。②表示推測,意為"按理應當，估計"。③表示意外、驚訝、憂慮、惋惜等情緒,意為"竟然"。Youshouldlearntorespecttheelders.你應該學會尊重長輩。It’sstrange(that)youshouldsaythat.你這么說真奇怪。情態動詞用法例句must①表示義務、必要性等，意為"必須"。在回答由must引起的一般疑問句時,若為否定回答,通常用needn’t或don’thaveto。②表示很有把握的肯定推測,通常用于肯定句中,意為"準是,肯定是"。③mustn’t表示"不許,禁止",是強制的命令。—MustIhandinmypapernow?我現在必須交論文嗎？—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t (=don’thaveto).是的，你必須。/不，你不必。情態動詞用法例句need表示必要性,常用于疑問句和否定句中,needn’t表示"不必"。對need引出的一般疑問句作肯定回答時用must,作否定回答時用needn’t。Myroomisveryclean,andIneedn’tcleanittoday.我的房間很干凈，我今天不需要打掃它了。情態動詞用法例句dare意為"敢,膽敢",主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中。Idaren’tcatchthemouse.我不敢抓老鼠。haveto表示客觀需要,意為"必須,不得不"。Youhavetobebackbefore10o’clockbecausethetrainleavesat10:05.你必須在10:00前回來，因為火車10：05發車。情態動詞+havedone對過去的推測musthavedone過去一定做過……過去 (不)可能做過……過去可能做過……can/could(not)havedonemay/mighthavedone對過去情況的后悔、遺憾或責備couldhavedone本能夠做(卻未做)……本該做(卻未做)……本可以做(卻未做)……本不必做 (卻做了)……shouldhavedonemighthavedoneneedn’thavedone例1Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,hecouldhavedone(do)better.例2It’s9:00now.Jennyshould_havefinished(finish)herhomework.【課堂練習】1.Knowledgehasbecomemoreandmorecomplicatedanditcan’tbeunderstood(understand)ifwedonotpracticeitagainandagain.2.YouhaveleftagoodimpressionontheHR.Youmusthaveprepared(prepare)fortheinterviewcarefully.3.Idon’tthinkyoushouldgive(give)upbecauseyouhavebeenpracticingforsolong!4.Aftercheckingagain,Ihavetoadmit(admit)thattherearesomeprintingerrorsinthenewspaper.【知識梳理】考點五虛擬語氣一、if條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣對事實的假設if從句的謂語動詞主句的謂語動詞與現在事實相反的假設過去式(be用were)should/would/could/might+動詞原形與過去事實相反的假設had+過去分詞should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞與將來事實相反的假設過去式(be用were)wereto+動詞原形should+動詞原形should/would/could/might+動詞原形二、含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣有時假設的條件不通過條件狀語從句表達出來，而是暗含在某些詞或短語中，或隱含在上下文中。最常用的表達有：without,or,otherwise,butfor等。例1—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—No.Otherwise,Ishould/would/could/mighthavebeen(be)abletoreachheryesterday.三、表示"命令、建議、要求等"的動詞或名詞后的從句中的虛擬語氣[(should+)動詞原形]1.常見的此類動詞有：一堅持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建議(suggest,advise,propose),四要求(require,request,demand,desire)。例2Heinsistedthatshe_was(be)seriouslyillandthatshe(should)besent(send)tohospitalatonce.例3Theyadvisethatyou(should)carry(carry)apassportatalltimes.例4Itissuggestedthatsunscreen(_should)beapplied(apply)everyonetotwohoursinasunnyday.insist作"堅決要求,堅持"講時,用來表示一種要求、請求,其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣;而insist作"堅持認為,堅持說"講時,用于陳述一種看法、實情,其后的從句用陳述語氣。Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.他堅持認為他是無辜的。2.suggest作"建議"講時,用來表示一種意見,其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣;而suggest作"表明,暗示"講時,用于陳述一種實際情況,其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣。Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasafraud.他說的話表明他是個騙子。2.常見的此類名詞有：advice,suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,order,demand,desire等。例5Mysuggestionwasthatschools(should)take(take)necessarymeasurestokeepthechildrenawayfromviolenceinschools.例6Hegavetheorderthatalltheguests(should)begreeted(greet)warmlyastheyarrived.四、固定句式中的虛擬語氣現在過去將來wish后的賓語從句過去式(be常were)had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+動詞原形ifonly引導的條件狀語從句或感嘆句過去式(be常were)had+過去分詞would/could+動詞原形asif/asthough引導的方式狀語從句過去式(be常were)had+過去分詞would/could/might+動詞原形Itis(high)timethat...過去式或should+動詞原形例7Thepillsmighthavehelpedhim,ifonlyhehadtaken(take)themregularly.【課堂練習】Itissuggestedthatparents(should)limit(limit)children’sscreentime.2."You_must_haveawrongnumber,"shesaid."There’snooneofthatnamehere."3.Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsI_shouldhavedriven(drive)herthere.4.They_should/could/mighthavearrived__(arrive)atlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.5.Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou_hadtold(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.6.Bobcouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthewas(be)toobusy.7.Therequirementisthatchildren(should)beallowed(allow)toreadwhattheywanttoread.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyIhadtaken(take)youradvice!9.It’shightimethatyougot/shouldget(get)ridofyourbadeatinghabits.10.Idon’tfeelwelltoday.OtherwiseIshould/could/woulddeal(deal)withthecomplaintbymyself.【考點分析】卷別一般現在時一般過去時現在完成時&過去完成時現在進行時&過去進行時情態動詞后的被動語態2022新Ⅰ60.isdesigned58.were新Ⅱ63.threw62.wasfixing甲67.haswalked乙63.addressed浙江63.noticed56.beappreciated卷別一般現在時一般過去時現在完成時&過去完成時現在進行時&過去進行時情態動詞后的被動語態2021新Ⅰ61.was新Ⅱ63.was甲61.wasbuilt66.hired乙浙江60.waspainted65.sold56.hasproved/hasproven卷別一般現在時一般過去時現在完成時&過去完成時現在進行時&過去進行時情態動詞后的被動語態2020新Ⅰ60.arecalled61.is58.formed新Ⅱ63.is64.areencouragedⅠ67.means68.isconstructed61.touchedⅡ62.carriesⅢ66.pointed63.bechosen浙江59.wasneeded65.meant61.haddiscovered卷別一般現在時一般過去時現在完成時&過去完成時現在進行時&過去進行時情態動詞后的被動語態2019Ⅰ70.are65.havereportedⅡ64.declared66.havemadeⅢ65.recommended69.wereinvited浙江56.has/willhave62.improved59.cycling(構成謂語arecycling)卷別一般現在時一般過去時現在完成時&過去完成時現在進行時&過去進行時情態動詞后的被動語態2018Ⅰ64.isⅡ68.started61.hasgrownⅢ69.meant浙江60.wasshocked1動詞的時態[全國卷5年30考]【真題演練】[2022新高考Ⅱ,62]Henrywasfixing(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.2.[2022新高考Ⅱ,63]Hequicklythrew(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.3.[2021北京，13]Whenyousleep,yourbrain...tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asitconnects(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.4.[2021天津3月，3]We_havedone(do)quiteenoughworkforthemorning;nowlet’stakeabreak5.[2020浙江，61]Byabout6000BC,peoplehaddiscovered(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.6.[2019浙江，56]Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody_has/willhave(have)toworryaboutfashion(時尚).7.[2019全國Ⅱ，66]IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemade(make)overtheyears.8.[2018江蘇，31]Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother,forwewillhavedeveloped(develop)moreconvenientelectroniccommunicationtoolsbythen.全國卷語法填空對于動詞時態的考查涉及一般現在時(必考,5年10考)、一般過去時(必考,5年15考)和現在完成時(常考,5年4考);地方卷還會涉及過去完成時、一般將來時等時態的考查。考生通常可以根據句中明顯的時間標志詞(如左邊第5、7、8題)和上下文時態來判斷時態,但尤其要注意沒有明顯時間狀語的試題。【課堂練習】1.[2022新高考Ⅰ,58]Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat_were__(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.2.[2022浙江,63]Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci’s"MonaLisa",henoticed(notice)hersmilerightaway.3.[2021浙江,56]Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,hasproven/proved(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.4.[2021浙江,65]AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseandsold(sell)mostoftheirfurniture.5.[2020全國Ⅰ,61]TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—touched(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.6.[2020浙江,65]Newmethodsmeant(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso...7.[2019全國Ⅱ,66]IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI_h_a_v_e_ma___d_e__(make)overtheyears.8.[2019全國Ⅲ，65]Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesandrecommended (recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.9.[2019浙江,62]OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents’gradesimproved(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.10.[2018浙江11月,56&57]Youprobablyhaveused/havebeenusing(use)caffeinesincechildhood.Caffeine_was(be)inyourfirstCoke.11.[2018全國Ⅱ,61]Since2011,thecountryhasgrown(grow)morecornthanrice.2動詞的語態[全國卷5年7考]【真題演練】9.[2022浙江,56]Buthowcanapaintingbeappreciated(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?10.[2022浙江1月,57]Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike—frequentlybyplane—isviewed/hasbeenviewed(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.11.[2022全國甲,61]It(TheXi’anCityWall)arethrown(build)originallytoprotectthecityduringtheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復).12.[2018北京,9]Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_hadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.被動語態在全國卷語法填空中的考查主要涉及:1.一般現在時和一般過去時的被動語態;2.情態動詞后的被動語態。地方卷中會涉及其他時態的被動語態。【課堂練習】1.[2021浙江,60]Mary’sniecewrote,"Thelittlehomewaspainted(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh..."2.[2020全國Ⅰ,67&68]"Thisreallyexcitesscientists,"CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"becauseit_means_(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed(construct)."3.[2020全國Ⅲ,63]Theartistwassurehewouldbechosen(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.4.[2020浙江,59]And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefoodwasneeded(need).5.[2019全國Ⅲ,69]Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvited(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.考向3主謂一致[全國卷5年20考]【真題演練】13.[2021新高考Ⅱ,63]OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwrotetowas(be)AlaskaAirlines.14.[2020新高考Ι,40]Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublicarecalled(call)galleriesorrooms.15.[2020全國Ⅱ,62]Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers_carries(carry)specialsignificance.16.[2020新高考Ⅱ,63]Becausethenumberofpossibletopicsis(be)practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.17.[2020江蘇,22]Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llfindprobablyasolutionthat_suits(suit)everyone.18.[2019天津,8]Amy,aswellasherbrothers,was_given(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.語法填空中的主謂一致通常會與動詞的時態和語態放在一起考查。近幾年全國卷除了考查代詞或名詞作主語時的主謂一致外,還涉及:1.非謂語動詞作主語;2."oneof+可數名詞復數"作主語;3."thenumberof+可數名詞復數"作主語。地方卷還會涉及therebe結構、aswellas或alongwith等連接的并列成分作主語。【課堂練習】1.[2019全國Ⅰ,70]Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six_are(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.2.[2019江蘇,22]Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers_hasgiven__(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.3.[2018全國Ⅰ,64]Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitis(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.注意1.情態動詞通常會與被動語態一起考查。2.虛擬語氣在近幾年的全國卷中都沒有考查，地方卷偶有考查在suggest,advise等后的名詞性從句中的用法。【課后鞏固】一、單句語法填空1.[2023四川宜賓一模]In1997and2000,nineofthebest-knownclassicalgardensofSuzhouwereadded(add)totheUNESCOWorldHeritageList.2.[2023山東日照校際期中聯考]WangJing,awomanfromShenyangcity,LiaoningprovinceinnortheastChina,hasbeenengaged/hasengaged/hasbeenengaging(engage)inthisnovelartformfor27years.novel在此作形容詞，意為"與眾不同的"。3.[2023廣東廣州三校聯考]Theplanetyou’relookingforis4.65billionmilesaway.Almostnolight_reaches_(reach)it.4.[2023四川瀘州一模]In2011,Zhuwasconducting_(conduct)asurveyalongwithhiscolleagueswhenhesawaplantthathedidn’trecognize.5.[2023廣西柳州統考]TheDaoqings