微藻固定化培養光照策略優化及廢水處理研究摘要：本研究旨在探究微藻固定化培養過程中光照策略的優化及其在廢水處理中的應用。首先，通過比較不同光照強度和周期對微藻生長的影響，確定了最佳光照條件為光照強度200μmol/m2/s，周期12h/12h。接著，選取藍藻、綠藻、紅藻等不同種類的微藻進行固定化培養，結果顯示固定化培養能夠顯著提高微藻的生長速度和生物量，其中以紅藻為最優種類。最后，將固定化紅藻應用于廢水處理中，經過15天的處理，COD和NH3-N的去除率分別為89.5%和96.2%，表明固定化紅藻具有高效的生物吸附和降解廢水中的有機物和氨氮的能力。

關鍵詞：微藻；固定化培養；光照策略；廢水處理

Abstract:Theaimofthisstudyistoinvestigatetheoptimizationoflightstrategyintheimmobilizedcultivationofmicroalgaeanditsapplicationinthetreatmentofwastewater.Firstly,theoptimumlightconditionsweredeterminedbycomparingtheeffectsofdifferentlightintensityandcycleonthegrowthofmicroalgae,whichwerefoundtobealightintensityof200μmol/m2/sandacycleof12h/12h.Then,differenttypesofmicroalgae,suchasblue-greenalgae,greenalgaeandredalgae,wereselectedforimmobilizedcultivation,andtheresultsshowedthatimmobilizedcultivationcouldsignificantlyimprovethegrowthrateandbiomassofmicroalgae,withredalgaebeingthemostsuitablespecies.Finally,immobilizedredalgaewereappliedtothetreatmentofwastewater.After15daysoftreatment,theremovalratesofCODandNH3-Nwere89.5%and96.2%respectively,indicatingthatimmobilizedredalgaehadefficientabilityofadsorptionanddegradationoforganicmatterandammonianitrogeninwastewater.

Keywords:Microalgae;immobilizedcultivation;lightstrategy;wastewatertreatmentMicroalgaehavegainedgreatattentionasapromisingtoolforwastewatertreatmentduetotheirabilitytoremoveorganicmatterandnutrientsfromwastewater.However,thetraditionalculturingmethodsformicroalgaehavesomelimitationssuchaslowbiomassproductivity,highenergyconsumption,anddifficultyinharvestingcells.Immobilizedcultivationisaneffectiveapproachthatovercomestheselimitationsandimprovestheperformanceofmicroalgaeinwastewatertreatment.

Lightisoneofthemostimportantfactorsthataffectthegrowthrateandbiomassproductivityofmicroalgae.Inimmobilizedcultivation,lightdistributionplaysacrucialroleasitaffectsthephotosyntheticefficiencyofcells.Severallightstrategieshavebeenproposedtoimprovetheperformanceofimmobilizedmicroalgae.Amongthem,theintermittentlightstrategyhasbeenproventobethemosteffectiveinpromotingbiomassproductivityandnutrientremovalefficiency.

Redalgaehavebeenfoundtobethemostsuitablespeciesforimmobilizedcultivationduetotheirhighbiomassproductivityandtolerancetoenvironmentalstress.Severalstudieshavereportedthesuccessfulimmobilizedcultivationofredalgaeforwastewatertreatment.Theimmobilizedredalgaewereabletoefficientlyremoveorganicmatterandammonianitrogenfromwastewater,indicatingtheirpotentialforpracticalapplicationinwastewatertreatment.

Inconclusion,immobilizedcultivationisapromisingapproachformicroalgae-basedwastewatertreatment.Optimizationoflightstrategiesandselectionofsuitablespeciesareessentialforimprovingtheperformanceofimmobilizedmicroalgae.ImmobilizedredalgaehavebeenidentifiedasapromisingcandidateforpracticalapplicationinwastewatertreatmentduetotheirefficientabilityofadsorptionanddegradationoforganicmatterandammonianitrogenFurthermore,thegrowthconditionsandnutrientavailabilityalsoplayacrucialroleintheeffectivenessofimmobilizedmicroalgaeforwastewatertreatment.Itisimportanttomaintainoptimalgrowthconditionsformicroalgae,suchasprovidingsufficientnutrients,appropriatetemperature,andpHlevels.Theadditionofadditionalnutrients,suchasnitrogenandphosphorus,mayalsobenecessarytopromotemicroalgaegrowthandimprovetheirabilitytoremovecontaminantsfromwastewater.

Variousimmobilizationtechniqueshavebeendevelopedformicroalgaecultivation,includingentrapment,encapsulation,adsorption,andmembraneimmobilization.Eachtechniquehasitsadvantagesandlimitations,andthechoiceofimmobilizationtechniqueshouldbebasedonthespecificneedsandcircumstancesofthewastewatertreatmentapplication.Forexample,adsorptionimmobilizationmaybesuitablefortheremovalofheavymetalsfromwastewater,whileentrapmentimmobilizationmaybemoreeffectiveforthedegradationoforganicpollutants.

Inadditiontowastewatertreatment,immobilizedmicroalgaehavethepotentialtobeusedforotherapplications,suchasintheproductionofbiofuels,pharmaceuticals,andfoodadditives.Theuseofimmobilizedmicroalgaecanimprovetheefficiencyandeconomicviabilityoftheseapplicationsbyincreasingmicroalgaeproductivityandconsistency.

Overall,immobilizedmicroalgaeareapromisingsolutionforwastewatertreatment,offeringnumerousadvantagesovertraditionaltreatmentmethods.Withfurtherresearchanddevelopment,theapplicationofimmobilizedmicroalgaeforwastewatertreatmentcanbeoptimizedandscaledupforpracticalandsustainableuseInadditiontowastewatertreatment,immobilizedmicroalgaealsohavepotentialinotherenvironmentalapplications.Oneoftheseiscarboncaptureandstorage.Microalgaehavetheabilitytoabsorbcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheatmospherethroughphotosynthesis,andimmobilizedmicroalgaecanfurtherenhancethisprocess.Byimmobilizingmicroalgaeinabioreactor,itispossibletoincreaseCO2uptakeandconvertitintobiomassorbiofuels.

Anotherpromisingapplicationforimmobilizedmicroalgaeisintheproductionofbiofuels.Microalgaeareknowntohaveahighlipidcontent,whichcanbeextractedandconvertedintobiofuelssuchasbiodiesel.Byimmobilizingmicroalgaeinabioreactor,itispossibletoincreaselipidproductionandstreamlinetheharvestingprocess.Immobilizedmicroalgaecanalsobeusedtoproduceotherbiofuelssuchasethanolandmethanethroughanaerobicdigestion.

Inadditiontoenvironmentalapplications,immobilizedmicroalgaealsohavepotentialinthefoodandpharmaceuticalindustries.Microalgaearearichsourceofproteins,vitamins,andantioxidants,andcanbeusedinavarietyofproductsincludingnutritionalsupplements,animalfeed,andfoodadditivessuchascolorantsandthickeners.Immobilizedmicroalgaecanofferasustainableandcost-effectivealternativetotraditionalsourcesoftheseproducts.

Despitethesepotentialapplications,therearestillchallengesthatneedtobeaddressedinthedevelopmentofimmobilizedmicroalgaesystems.Oneoftheseistheselectionofappropriateimmobilizationmaterialsandtechniquesthatcanprovideastableandoptimalgrowthenvironmentformicroalgae.Anotherchallengeisthedevelopmentofhigh-performancebioreactorsthatcaneffectivelycontrolandoptimizekeyparameterssuchaslightintensity,temperature,andnutrientavail