專攻解題方法與技巧英語高考讀后續(xù)寫指導(dǎo)一、解題思路步驟1精讀文章，獲取記敘文六要素1.關(guān)注標(biāo)題，瀏覽全文，獲取全文時(shí)態(tài)及基調(diào)。2.分段獲取記敘文when，where，who，what，why，how六要素。Whendoesithappen？Wheredoesithappen？Whoisit？Whathappens？Whydoesithappen？Howdoesithappen？3.梳理線索，勾畫文章情節(jié)。特別關(guān)注實(shí)詞：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。情節(jié)Para._Para._Para._Para._Para._whowhatfeelings借鑒敘事模型，歸納出故事的開始、沖突、上升部分、高潮。步驟2根據(jù)信息提煉文章主題一般情況下，讀后續(xù)寫都是通過小故事講述大道理，彰顯正能量，弘揚(yáng)真善美。步驟3根據(jù)段首句做出合理預(yù)測(cè)每一段的段首句有承上啟下的作用，故預(yù)測(cè)思路如下：1.第一段段首句和原文銜接，并且引出下文。標(biāo)注出第一段段首句的關(guān)鍵詞，合理推測(cè)下文將要續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容，即故事的下降部分。2.第二段段首句需要和第一段續(xù)寫內(nèi)容銜接，并引出故事的結(jié)局。標(biāo)注出第二段段首句的關(guān)鍵詞，反推出第一段的結(jié)尾。同時(shí)，根據(jù)第二段段首句的關(guān)鍵詞，預(yù)測(cè)下文將要續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容，即故事的結(jié)局。步驟4完整勾勒出整個(gè)敘事模型步驟5構(gòu)思內(nèi)容，潤色語言1.每個(gè)段落分3個(gè)層次構(gòu)思。第一段eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(根據(jù)段首句續(xù)寫,展開內(nèi)容,銜接第二段段首句))第二段eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(根據(jù)段首句續(xù)寫,故事結(jié)局,呼應(yīng)/升華主題))[高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]（1）故事要圍繞主要人物展開；（2）詳細(xì)刻畫人物角色及其情感；（3）有效使用連接成分，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；（4）運(yùn)用豐富的詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)和修辭，使描寫生動(dòng)；（5）第一段和第二段的內(nèi)容銜接自然，邏輯合理，語境連貫；（6）續(xù)寫內(nèi)容與所給短文融洽度高，語言風(fēng)格保持一致，思想積極向上。2.語言風(fēng)格需要和原文保持一致，采用記敘文常見的描寫手法來增加細(xì)節(jié)。（1）動(dòng)作描寫；（2）心理描寫；（3）肖像描寫；（4）場(chǎng)景描寫；（5）有效對(duì)話；（6）修辭；（7）精辟結(jié)尾。3.采用多樣的語法結(jié)構(gòu)及句式。（1）v.-ing作狀語；（2）獨(dú)立主格；（3）部分倒裝；（4）“so...that”句型；（5）with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）從句；（7）常用修辭；（8）名言。步驟6謄寫清晰，字跡工整二、題型解讀（2022·新高考卷Ⅰ）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Itwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfromsevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthesmalltownwerewarmingupandwalkingtheroute（路線）throughthickevergreenforest.IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid，whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn'twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedandthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.Whatwaswrong？Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent！Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool'scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened.“Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim，”heexplaineduncomfortably.“Igavehimthechoicetorunornot，andlethimdecide.”Ibitbackmyfrustration（懊惱）.Iknewthecoachmeantwell—hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted，Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme，hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren，butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.ThatwaswhynoneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecross-countryteam.Itjusttookhimlonger—that'sall.Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice，andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren，hedidalwaysfinish.Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool，IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Paragraph1：Wesatdownnexttoeachother，butDavidwouldn'tlookatme.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[續(xù)寫步驟]步驟1精讀文章，獲取記敘文六要素1.全文需用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，講述發(fā)生過的事情。2.when：thedayofthebigcross-countryrun.where：thesmalltown；thickevergreenforest.who：David；studentsfromsevendifferentprimaryschools；theschool'scoach.what：AboynamedDavid，whohadabraindisease，participatedinrunningwithotherstudents.why：Davidrefusedtorunbeforestartingbecausehewasafraidthatstrangestudentswouldlaughathimforhisdisease.how：TheauthordecidedtoadviseDavidtochallengehimselfaccordingtohisformerbehaviour.3.梳理線索，勾畫文章情節(jié)。步驟2根據(jù)信息提煉文章主題主題：encouragementandhelp步驟3根據(jù)段首句，做出合理預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)測(cè)：作者的鼓舞使David更加自信參加賽跑并取得不錯(cuò)成績贏得別人的尊重。步驟4完整勾勒出整個(gè)敘事模型步驟5構(gòu)思內(nèi)容，潤色語言1.每個(gè)段落分3個(gè)層次構(gòu)思。ContinuationPara1：IknewtherefusedreasonandencouragedDavidandheacceptedmyadvice.·WhatwouldIsay？·WhatwouldDavidanswer？·Result.ContinuationPara2：Davidovercamehishesitationandconqueredhimselfandearnedother'spraise.·HowdidDavidperform？·Whatdidothersreactto？·Lessonsgained.2.采用常見的描寫手法來增加細(xì)節(jié)。動(dòng)詞類：bury，sob，wellup，hug，wipe，sound，lurch（突然傾斜），trip（絆倒），giveup，floodin，pickup形容詞類：inspired，thunderous（雷鳴般的）名詞類：faith，determination，encouragement，delight，destiny（尊嚴(yán)）3.采用多樣的語法結(jié)構(gòu)及句式。①Ihuggedhimfirmly，pattinghisbackgently.我緊緊地?fù)肀еp輕地拍著他的后背。②Seeingthedeterminationinhiseyes，Iwipedthetearsonhischeeks，promisingtokeephimcompanyuntiltheendofthecompetition.看到他眼神中的堅(jiān)毅，我擦了擦他臉頰上的淚水，答應(yīng)他會(huì)陪伴他直到這次比賽結(jié)束。③Myheartsank.我的心一沉。④Upondashingtowardsthefinishingline，awaveofthunderousapplausefloodedin.一沖向終點(diǎn)線，雷鳴般的掌聲就如潮水般涌來。⑤Itwasyouwhomademerealizethatjustbemyself，andIcanbethemasterofmydestiny.是你讓我意識(shí)到，做我自己，我就可以成為自己命運(yùn)的主人。步驟6謄寫清晰，字跡工整Wesatdownnexttoeachother，butDavidwouldn'tlookatme.Heburiedhisheadinhishands，sobbing.“Doyoufeartheaudiencewilllaughatyou？”askedI.Henoddedandbithislip，tearswellingupinhiseyes.Ihuggedhimfirmly，pattinghisbackgently.“Ihavefaithinyouandyouwillnotbelookeddownupon.Instead，everyonewillcheerforyouwhenyouarerunning！”Davidwasinspiredinstantlyandacceptedtorun.Seeingthedeterminationinhiseyes，Iwipedthetearsonhischeeks，promisingtokeephimcompanyuntiltheendofthecompetition.IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.Thestarter'sgunsounded，andDavidlurchedforwardwiththeotherchildren.Buthehadonlygoneafewmetresbeforehetrippedandfellflatontheground.Myheartsank.AsIstartedtoshoutencouragement，othervoicesaroundmetookupthecall“ComeonDavid，youcandoit！”Davidpickedhimselfupandstartedagain.Heusedupallhispowertomarchon.ThiswasDavid'srun.Hehadworkedforit，andhewouldn'tgiveup！Upondashingtowardsthefinishingline，awaveofthunderousapplausefloodedin.IrantowardsDavidandgavehimabearhug.“Youmadeit！”Hiseyestwinkledwithdelight，saying，“Thankyou.Itwasyouwhomademerealizethatjustbemyself，andIcanbethemasterofmydestiny.”三、素材積累語料庫1動(dòng)作描寫動(dòng)作描寫是描寫人物、凸顯人物性格的有力手段，利用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語對(duì)表達(dá)人物心理和性格特征有很大的幫助。1.常見的“說”（1）動(dòng)詞類表達(dá)“說”。基本表達(dá)：say說tell告訴生動(dòng)表達(dá)：shout大聲叫add補(bǔ)充說continue繼續(xù)說explain解釋comfort安慰warn警告remind提醒scream尖叫whisper耳語complain抱怨order命令nod點(diǎn)頭laugh笑著說sigh嘆息suggest建議recommend推薦declare/announce宣布howl嚎叫remark評(píng)論說（2）副詞類修飾“說”。angrily憤怒地casually隨意地happily/cheerfully開心地harshly嚴(yán)厲地reluctantly不情愿地impatiently不耐煩地madly瘋狂地desperately絕望地2.常見的“看”（1）動(dòng)詞類表達(dá)“看”。see/lookat/notice/observe/watch/view/findout發(fā)現(xiàn)makeout辨認(rèn)出lookaround環(huán)顧四周lookup向上看lookdown向下看stareat凝視glanceat瞥了一眼glancearound/roundtheroom掃視房間glareat怒目而視glareangrilyatsb對(duì)某人怒目而視r(shí)ecognize認(rèn)出spot注意到（2）名詞類表達(dá)“看”。haveagood/closelookat仔細(xì)看onemorelook又看了一眼atthesightof一看到……catchsightof看到losesightof看不到comeintoview呈現(xiàn)在眼前3.常見的“走”walk/run/wander/stroll漫步wanderintothewoods漫步到森林里walkacrossstreet步行穿過馬路strollabout/around閑逛walkarminarm臂挽著臂走walkgracefully步態(tài)優(yōu)美地走stepback/backoff后退dash/rush沖headfor朝……出發(fā)tiptoe踮著腳走makeone'sway（排除困難）前進(jìn)feelone'sway摸索前行stagger蹣跚dragone'sfeet拖著腳走pacebackandforth來回踱步j(luò)umptoone'sfeet一躍而起joginthewoods在林間慢跑rushoutoftheroom沖出房間crawltosafety爬到安全的地方4.常見的“笑”smile/laugh笑laughat嘲笑tease取笑lightup喜笑顏開5.常見的“哭”beintears/cry/weep哭泣sob抽泣burstintotears/burstoutcrying放聲大哭6.其他與肢體語言相關(guān)的詞匯applaud鼓掌歡迎shrugone'sshoulders聳肩frownatsb皺著眉頭看著某人bowtosb向某人鞠躬nodinagreement點(diǎn)頭表示贊同patsbontheshoulder/head拍某人的肩膀/頭grasp/holdone'shand抓住某人的手pointtosb指向某人waveone'shand揮手7.介詞短語withouthesitation毫不猶豫地withexcitement/thrill興奮地withwonder/surprise驚奇地withshame/guilt羞愧地withsatisfaction滿意地withsympathy同情地withfear/horror害怕地withtiredness/exhaustion疲憊地withembarrassment尷尬地withdespair絕望地withforce用力地withanger/rage/fury憤怒地withcaution小心翼翼地語料庫2心理描寫心理描寫分為概括描述和細(xì)節(jié)描述。概括描述是總體描述，只將意思表達(dá)清楚即可。細(xì)節(jié)描述則是具體刻畫，使描述更加生動(dòng)，有畫面感。1.喜悅/興奮概括描述：adj.happy，glad，delighted，excitedn.happiness，joy，excitement，thrill，delight細(xì)節(jié)描述：喜悅/興奮的表現(xiàn)dance/jumpforjoy高興地跳起來anencouragedexpression一個(gè)受到鼓舞的表情incheerfulspirits心情愉快asatisfiedlook滿意的表情bedelightedat...因……而高興brightensb'sheart使某人心情愉快feelinspired/encouraged感到被鼓舞beinhighspirits情緒高漲bedeeplymoved被深深地感動(dòng)amixtureofexcitementandhappiness既興奮又開心indescribablywildjoy難以形容的開心canhardlyconcealone'sexcitement幾乎無法掩飾某人興奮的心情bepowerfullyattractedto被強(qiáng)烈地吸引keepupone'sspirits振作精神becontentwith...對(duì)……感到滿意beexcitedwithjoyatthesuccess為成功而欣喜befascinatedbythescene/beautyof...被……場(chǎng)面/美麗吸引bejoyfulover/about...因……而高興onthetopoftheworld心滿意足，非常幸福tearsofhappinessflowingdown流下幸福的淚水with＋抽象名詞作狀語One'seyesshone/glowedwithjoy/happiness.One'sheartwasracingwithexcitement.2.怒概括描述：adj.angryn.anger，rage，fury細(xì)節(jié)描述：憤怒的表現(xiàn)feelannoyed感到惱怒的bedispleasedatone'sconduct對(duì)某人的行為感到不滿bespeechlesswithanger氣得說不出話rageatsb對(duì)某人大發(fā)脾氣flamewithanger氣得滿臉通紅getmadatsb對(duì)某人勃然大怒express/voiceacomplaintabout...對(duì)……表示不滿“so...that”句型，v.-ing/v.-ed作狀語Shefeltsoangrythatshestormedoutoftheroom，slammingthedoorangrilybehindher.Boilingwith/Filledwithrage（anger/fury），shewasbarelyabletosayasingleword.3.哀概括描述：adj.sadn.sadness，sorrow，grief，wateryeyes細(xì)節(jié)描述：悲傷的表現(xiàn)astrongsenseofloss強(qiáng)烈的失落感withaheavyheart懷著沉重的心情cryone'sheartout悲痛欲絕withasinkingheart心情沉重haveaworriedlook愁眉苦臉feelfrustrated/depressed/discouraged感到沮喪的breakone'sheartoverone'sdeath因某人的死亡而痛心makeone'sheartbleed使某人悲痛dieofabrokenheart心碎而死withasorrowfulheart憂郁的aflashofgriefcomesuponsb.某人感到一陣悲傷bedrowninspirits情緒低落loseone'sspirits垂頭喪氣besadatheart傷心abrokenspirit意志消沉比喻、夸張等修辭Myheartbegantoraceandmymindwentblank.Somethingchokedhimandhecouldnotfinishthesentence.Hervoicebegantocrack.Tearswelledupinmyeyes./Hisfacewaswetwithtears./Tearsstreameddownherface.4.懼概括描述：v.frighten，scare，terrifyadj.frightened/frightening，scared/scary，terrified/terrifying，fearfuln.scare，fright，fear細(xì)節(jié)描述：恐懼的表現(xiàn)beseizedwithpanic驚慌失措fallintodespair陷入絕望“so/such...that”句型，“too...to”結(jié)構(gòu)，形容詞作狀語、表語Atthesightofthefiercewolf，hereyeswerewidewithhorror.Atthesightofthefiercewolf，Iwastooscaredtomoveevenaninch.Atthesightofthefiercewolf，IfeltsoscaredthatIfrozewithterror.Atthesightofthefiercewolf，IwasseizedbysuchastrongsenseofhorrorthatIwassweating.Atthesightofthefiercewolf，Ifroze/wasterrified/wasscared/wasfrightened.5.悔概括描述：v.regretadj.regretful，ashamed細(xì)節(jié)描述：后悔的表現(xiàn)send（sb）one'sregrets（向某人）表示歉意expressregret表示遺憾Iamashamedof...我對(duì)……感到很羞愧虛擬語氣、諺語等Shenowcoulddonothingbutfeeltheregretburninginherheart.Shekeptthinkingsheshouldn'thavestolenthewallet.Otherwise，thingswouldturnoutdifferently.Don'tcryoverspiltmilk.語料庫3肖像描寫肖像描寫即描繪人物的面貌特征，目的是以“形”傳“神”，刻畫人物的性格特征，反映人物的內(nèi)心世界。1.體態(tài)外貌描寫short矮tall高thin瘦的well-dressed穿著講究的inone's20s/30s在某人二十幾歲/三十幾歲的時(shí)候medium-sized中等身材（的）beofmediumsize身材適中apairofblueeyes一雙藍(lán)色的眼睛agracefulfigure優(yōu)美的身段askinnyfigure瘦削的身材awell-builtman身材魁梧的人ahandsomefigure儀表堂堂2.性格與特征描寫calm鎮(zhèn)定的confident自信的strong堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的selfish自私的humourous幽默的optimistic樂觀的lovely可愛的generous寬宏大量的withthevirtueof...具有……的美德atalentedperson天資高的人aneasypersontodealwith容易相處的人awell-informedman消息靈通/見多識(shí)廣的人asmooth-spokenman能說會(huì)道的人befondof...喜歡，熱衷……bekeenon喜愛；對(duì)……著迷beskilledin/dowellin精通；擅長haveagift/talentfor...在……方面有天賦strongwill/determinationandcourage堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志和勇氣astrongsenseofresponsibility強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感語料庫4場(chǎng)景描寫在故事敘述中添加場(chǎng)景描寫不僅有助于鎖定故事發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，了解該地點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況，還能渲染故事氛圍，增添畫面感，產(chǎn)生呼應(yīng)并烘托人物心理活動(dòng)的積極作用。1.天氣情況arainyseason多雨的季節(jié)astormynight暴風(fēng)雨之夜inthepouringrain在傾盆大雨中continuous/constantrains連綿不斷的雨intheblindingrain在茫茫大雨中beburiedinsnow深埋在雪中unbearablyhot難以忍受的熱inthewarmspringsunshine在溫暖的春光里clearup放晴fierce/heavy/violentstorms狂風(fēng)暴雨atimely/seasonablerain及時(shí)雨，好雨bathein（the）sunshine沐浴在陽光下thecolouroftheskyischanging天空的顏色在變化firstlightgray，thendarkgray先是淺灰色，然后是深灰色finallydarkanddense最后又黑又密2.地理位置atadistance在遠(yuǎn)處alakeintheforest森林里的一個(gè)湖asmallvillageoffthemap一個(gè)偏僻的小村子withinastone'sthrowofthebeach離海濱僅咫尺之遙besituatedatthenorthernendof...位于……北端inavillageamongthehills在群山環(huán)抱的村莊里roomfacingsouth朝南的房間thethinlypopulatedruralarea人煙稀少的農(nóng)村地區(qū)belocatedsomewhereonthePacificcoast位于太平洋沿岸某處beneaththesurfaceofthewater在水面下snow-cappedmountaintop積雪覆蓋的山頂afavourablesituatedcity位置優(yōu)越的城市asteepuphillclimb一個(gè)陡峭的爬坡thesightsalongtheway沿途的風(fēng)景rollingdowntherivernearby沿著附近的河流滾滾而下3.以境寫情（1）Thebirdssang；thegrasswasgreen；thesunwaswarm；andHans'heartwasfulloflove.（2）Theairwasrichwithhappiness.（3）Assheheadedouttothecar，shebreathedinthepleasantairandadmiredthecrowd.（4）Thewindwashowlingaroundthehouse.4.樂景襯哀情Itwasbeautifulspringweather，butneitherdogsnorhumanswereawareofit.Thewholelongdaywasablazeofsunshine.Lifewaswakingafterthelongmonthsoffrost.Andinthemiddleofallthislife，liketravellersofdeath，thetwomen，thewomanandthedogsstaggeredontheirjourney.（TheCalloftheWild）語料庫5交通篇1.交通方式之公路driver駕駛員，司機(jī)passenger乘客，旅客vehicle交通工具，車輛bicycle自行車，腳踏車highway公路，干道，交通要道cross交叉，穿越engine發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)cyclist騎自行車的人petrol汽油passer-by路人pedestrian步行者，行人pavement人行道，路面cab/taxi出租車motorcycle摩托車crossroads十字路口freeway高速公路cyclelane自行車道privatecar私家車sharedbike共享自行車electricvehicle電動(dòng)汽車newenergyvehicle新能源汽車drivinglicence駕駛執(zhí)照pickup接載trafficlight/signal交通燈2.交通方式之鐵路underground地下的railwaystation火車站expressline快車線路track軌道subway地鐵platform站臺(tái)tunnel地道，隧道high-speedrailway/train高鐵3.交通方式之航空pilot飛行員airport機(jī)場(chǎng)airline航空公司aircraft/airplane飛機(jī)flight航班，班機(jī)arrival到達(dá)，抵達(dá)delay延遲，延誤aboard在（車/船/飛機(jī)）上helicopter直升機(jī)steward（stewardess）乘務(wù)員departure離開transfer換乘takeoff起飛fastenone'sbelt系好安全帶round-trip往返旅程returnticket往返票book/cancelaflight訂/取消航班4.常用句型（1）直到車停到（pullup）房子前面時(shí)，我們才看到Lily坐在副駕駛的位置上。→Wedidn'tseeLilyinthepassengerseatuntilthecarpulledupinfrontofthehouse.（not...until）→OnlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofthehousedidweseeLilyinthepassengerseat.（only＋時(shí)間狀語引起的倒裝）→ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofthehousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.（Itbe...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句）（2）我們的汽油快用完了，但離下一個(gè)服務(wù)站還很遠(yuǎn)。Wearerunningoutofpetrol，butthereisstillalongwaytothenextservicestation.（3）她在沿著街道騎自行車，這時(shí)不知從哪里竄出一只惡狗。Shewasridingherbikeonthestreetwhenafiercedogrushedin.（4）近幾年中國高鐵發(fā)展迅速。China'shigh-speedrailwayhasdevelopedrapidlyinrecentyears.（5）在長時(shí)間的延誤之后，飛機(jī)終于起飛了。Afteralongdelay，theplanefinallytookoff.語料庫6有效對(duì)話1.對(duì)話語言描寫say...loudly/proudly/gently/angrily/seriously/cheerfully...大聲地/自豪地/溫柔地/生氣地/嚴(yán)肅地/高興地說……addthat...補(bǔ)充說……answersb/makeananswertosb回答某人tellsbsth/tellsthtosb告訴某人某事remindsbof/that...提醒某人……explainsthclearly清楚地解釋某事announce/declarethat...宣稱……yellout/cryouttosb朝某人大聲喊叫whispertosbgently對(duì)某人溫柔耳語disagreewith/haveadisagreementwith不同意……2.對(duì)話常用句型（1）名詞或短語單獨(dú)成句。（2）短句。（3）祈使句。（4）直接引語和間接引語。①“Don'tbelateforsupper，”Mumcried.②“OK！”Mydadcriedback.③Onseeingthechokingsmoke，shecouldn'thelpyelling，“Fire！Fire！”④Iaskedeachofmykidstopicksomethingtheythoughtour“friend”therewouldappreciate.⑤Sheasked，“Doyouhavetheaddress？”“No，butI'llrecognizeit.Therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh，stop.Thereitis！”（AnneofGreenGables）語料庫7修辭1.明喻用一種事物比喻所要說明的另一事物，兩者在本質(zhì)上或性質(zhì)上有相似之處。常用格式是“本體＋喻體”，常用like，as...as，asif或asthough引導(dǎo)。（1）Lifeisratherlikeopeningatinofsardines.We'realllookingfortheopener.人生就像開啟一罐沙丁魚，我們大家都在找起子。（2）Goodcoffeeislikefriendship：rich，warmandstrong.好的咖啡如同友誼：豐厚、溫暖且熱烈。2.暗喻對(duì)所比喻事物不直接點(diǎn)明而是用一個(gè)詞來指代與該詞所指事物有相似特點(diǎn)的另外一個(gè)事物。（1）Humouristheshockabsorberoflife；ithelpsustakeaction.幽默是生活的減震器，它可以幫助我們付諸行動(dòng)。（2）Loveisalamp.Thedarkerthebackgroundis，thebrighteritlooks.愛是一盞燈。背景越暗，它看上去就越亮。3.擬人賦予無生命事物、自然現(xiàn)象、抽象概念或動(dòng)物以人的感情、行為、品質(zhì)、態(tài)度等特征，以達(dá)到彼此交融、合二為一的效果。（1）Thewindstoodupandgaveashout.大風(fēng)凜冽，發(fā)出怒吼。（2）Theforesthelditsbreath，andthetreesseemedtolistenattentively.森林屏住了呼吸，樹木似乎聚精會(huì)神地聽著。4.類比比較兩種事物在多方面的相似或不同之處，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：AistoBwhatCistoD（A之于B猶如C之于D）。（1）Shoesaretofeetwhattiresaretowheels.鞋子之于腳猶如輪胎之于車輪。（2）Booksaretoourmindswhatfoodistoourbody.書籍之于我們的思想，猶如食物之于我們的身體。5.夸張通過夸大程度達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)句意、豐富感情色彩的目的。（1）Heworkedhisfingerstothebone.他拼老命地去工作。（2）Iwasscaredtodeath.我嚇得要死。6.引用寫文章時(shí)，引用現(xiàn)成語（如成語、詩句、格言、典故等）以表達(dá)自己的思想感情，說明自己對(duì)新問題、新道理的見解。它使論據(jù)確鑿、充分，增強(qiáng)說服力，富有啟發(fā)性，而且語言精練，含蓄典雅。Since“l(fā)ifeisastage”，weareactuallyactorsandactresses.因?yàn)椤吧钍且粋€(gè)舞臺(tái)”，我們實(shí)際上都是男女演員。語料庫8精辟結(jié)尾1.贊揚(yáng)“真善美，幫助別人”的結(jié)尾Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle！Hiseffortsmostlikelysavedthewoman'slife.2.贊揚(yáng)“自己身處窘境，仍然幫助別人”的結(jié)尾（1）Sometimesgivingfromourneedinsteadofourabundanceisjustwhatweneedtodo！（2）Steppingoutnotonlyhelpedabrotherinneed，italsogavemykidsthesweettasteofhelpingothers.3.“災(zāi)后自救，災(zāi)后合作救援”的結(jié)尾（1）Itturnedoutthatitwashisbravery，calmnessandwisdomthatsavedthewholefamily.（2）Itturnedoutthatitwascooperationandteamworkthatsavedtheirlives.（3）Itturnedoutthatitwasloveandcompanythatworkedwonders.4.“遇到困難要鎮(zhèn)靜”的結(jié)尾Keepcalmnomatterwhathappened，andthenyoucanovercomeanydifficulty/challenge.5.“人與自然”的結(jié)尾（1）Weshouldpaymoreattentiontotheworldwhereweliveandappreciatehowthehumanbeingsandanimalslivetogether.（2）IfiguredwhoeverlostthedogwasprobablyjustasclosetoitasIamtomydogs.（2019·全國卷Ⅱ）6.“人與自我——改變/向善/關(guān)愛他人”的結(jié)尾（1）IthinkIamamuchbetterpersontodaythanIusedtobe，andIhopeIwillnotforgettheseexperiences.Theyhavetaughtmetocareaboutotherpeoplemorethanaboutmyself.IlikewhoIamtoday.（2）It'ssuchaprivilegetobeapartofthesekids'lives，evenjustforafewhours，gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories.（3）Ilearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondtheclassroom.語料庫9高頻主題語境1.人與動(dòng)物snifftheair嗅空氣lickmyface舔我的臉jumpabout/aroundme在我身邊蹦蹦跳跳wagthetail搖尾巴brushthefur梳理毛發(fā)flapthewings拍打翅膀adog/wolfsuddenlyhowled狗/狼嚎movecautiouslyaway小心翼翼地跑開了Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwithjoy.Itjuststartedlickinghisface.2.災(zāi)害救人/自救（1）火災(zāi)。①Suddenly，hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.②Ashegotcloser，hefoundanothervehicleupsidedownontheroad.③Onemorelookandhenoticedflameshootingoutfromunderthedisabledvehicle.④Larrypulledover，setthebrakeandgotholdofthefireextinguisher.⑤Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.⑥Theairwasfilledwiththick，blacksmoke.（2）大雪。①AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.②Atonepoint，hugepilesofsnowblockedhisway.③Theheavysnowblockedtheway.④Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetotheheavysnow.⑤Whenhehandedthemedicinetothenextone，hisfacewasblackfromextremecold.⑥Thelakewascoveredwithice，whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.⑦Ifthathappened，hemightfallintotheicywaterbelow.⑧Buthemadeitacross.（3）水災(zāi)。①Ahugewaveseparatedthem.②HefoughtagainstthewavesandstruggledtocatchSammy③Unfortunately，Sammywascarriedawaybythewaves.3.人與自我①Hiswordsfreedmefrommybaddreams.②Ithoughttomyself，howevenwithoutanarmhewasmoreofaleader.③Fromthatdayon，Igrewbiggerandalittlemorereal.④Heletoutasignofrelief.⑤Theaudienceletoutathunderingcheer.A（2022·浙江卷）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。WhenDr.Hendersonwasassigning（指定）projectmatesforhispsychologyclass，IsecretlyhopedthathewouldpairmewithmybestfriendoratleastaclassmateIcouldhavesomefunwith.Aboveall，Ihopedhewouldn'tassignmetoworkwiththefiercelycompetitiveandextremelyseriousfellowwhoalwaysworedarkclothesandapparentlyhadapersonalitytomatch.Asfate（命運(yùn)）wouldhaveit，Dr.HendersonverydeliberatelymatchedeveryoneinclassandannouncedthatIwouldbeworkingwiththeonepersoninclassIwantedtoavoid.Iwentuptomynewteammateandintroducedmyself.HelookedatmeasthoughIweren'tthere.IfelthetreatedmeasthoughIwouldholdhimbackandprobablymakehimfailtogetanAinthecourse.Hewasn'tmeanorabusive；hejustgavemetheimpressionthathecoulddowhateverprojectwedreamedupbetterifhediditalone.Needlesstosay，Ididn'tlookforwardtoanentiretermofbeingbrushedoff，butItriedtomakethebestofitanddidn'tsayanythingforfearthatIwouldmakethingsworse.Theprojectrequiredeachteamtodevelopahypothesis（假說），setupanexperimenttotestthehypothesis，dothestatisticalanalysisandpresentthefindings.Whatevergradetheteamreceivedwouldbesharedbybothstudents.WhenmyteammateandImettodiscussourproject，Iwasuneasy.Herewasthischallengingstudentwhohadareputationforsingle-mindednessandgoodgrades—theexactoppositeofme.Iwasoutmatched.Iactuallywantedtodroptheclassatonepoint，butstoppedshortbecauseIdidn'twa