CO2Emissions

in2022

INTERNATIONALENERGY

AGENCY

TheIEAexaminesthe

fullspectrum

ofenergyissues

includingoil,gasand

coalsupplyand

demand,renewable

energytechnologies,

electricitymarkets,

energyefficiency,

accesstoenergy,

demandside

managementand

muchmore.Through

itswork,theIEA

advocatespoliciesthat

willenhancethe

reliability,affordability

andsustainabilityof

energyinits

31membercountries,

11associationcountries

andbeyond.

Thispublicationandany

mapincludedhereinare

withoutprejudicetothe

statusoforsovereigntyover

anyterritory,tothe

delimitationofinternational

frontiersandboundariesand

tothenameofanyterritory,

cityorarea.

IEAmember

countries:

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Canada

CzechRepublic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Japan

Korea

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Mexico

Netherlands

NewZealand

Norway

Poland

Portugal

SlovakRepublic

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

RepublicofTürkiye

UnitedKingdom

UnitedStates

TheEuropean

Commissionalso

participatesinthe

workoftheIEA

IEAassociation

countries:

Argentina

Brazil

China

Egypt

India

Indonesia

Morocco

Singapore

SouthAfrica

Thailand

Ukraine

Source:IEA.

InternationalEnergyAgency

Website:

CO2Emissionsin2022

Growthinemissionslowerthanfeared

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|3

Keymessages

Globalenergy-relatedCO2emissionsgrewby0.9%or321Mtin2022,

reachinganewhighofover36.8Gt.Followingtwoyearsofexceptionaloscillationsinenergyuseandemissions,causedinpartbytheCovid-19pandemic,lastyear’sgrowthwasmuchslowerthan2021’sreboundofmorethan6%.Emissionsfromenergycombustionincreasedby423Mt,whileemissionsfromindustrialprocessesdecreasedby102Mt.

Inayearmarkedbyenergypriceshocks,risinginflation,anddisruptionsto

traditionalfueltradeflows,globalgrowthinemissionswaslowerthanfeared,despitegas-to-coalswitchinginmanycountries.Increaseddeploymentofcleanenergytechnologiessuchasrenewables,electricvehicles,andheatpumpshelpedpreventanadditional550MtinCO2emissions.Industrialproductioncurtailment,particularlyinChinaandEurope,alsoavertedadditionalemissions.

Specificchallengesin2022contributedtothegrowthinemissions.Ofthe

321MtCO2increase,60MtCO2canbeattributedtocoolingandheatingdemandinextremeweatherandanother55MtCO2tonuclearpowerplantsbeingoffline.

CO2growthin2022waswellbelowglobalGDPgrowthof3.2%,reverting

toadecade-longtrendofdecouplingemissionsandeconomicgrowththatwasbrokenby2021’ssharpreboundinemissions.ImprovementsintheCO2intensityofenergyusewereslightlyslowerthanthepastdecade’saverage.

Emissionsfromnaturalgasfellby1.6%or118Mt,followingcontinued

tighteningofsupplyexacerbatedbyRussia’sinvasionofUkraine.ReductionsinemissionsfromgaswereparticularlypronouncedinEurope(-13.5%).The

AsiaPacificregionalsosawunprecedentedreductions(-1.8%).

Increasedemissionsfromcoalmorethanoffsetreductionsfromnaturalgas.Amidawaveofgas-to-coalswitchingduringtheglobalenergycrisis,CO2emissionsfromcoalgrewby1.6%or243Mt,farexceedingthelastdecade’saveragegrowthrate,andreachinganewall-timehighofalmost15.5Gt.

Emissionsfromoilgrewevenmorethanemissionsfromcoal,risingby2.5%or268Mtto11.2Gt.Aroundhalfoftheincreasecamefromaviation,asairtravelcontinuedtoreboundfrompandemiclows,nearing80%of2019levels.Temperingthisincrease,electricvehiclescontinuedtogainmomentumin2022,withover10millioncarssold,exceeding14%ofglobalcarsales.

Thebiggestsectoralincreaseinemissionsin2022camefromelectricityandheatgeneration,whoseemissionswereupby1.8%or261Mt.Inparticular,globalemissionsfromcoal-firedelectricityandheatgenerationgrewby224Mtor2.1%,ledbyemergingeconomiesinAsia.

Astrongexpansionofrenewableslimitedthereboundincoalpoweremissions.Renewablesmet90%oflastyear’sglobalgrowthinelectricity

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|4

generation.SolarPVandwindgenerationeachincreasedbyaround275TWh,anewannualrecord.

Emissionsfromindustrydeclinedby1.7%to9.2Gtlastyear.Whileseveral

regionssawmanufacturingcurtailments,theglobaldeclinewaslargelydrivenbya161MtCO2decreaseinChina’sindustryemissions,reflectinga10%declineincementproductionanda2%declineinsteelmaking.

China’semissionswererelativelyflatin2022,decliningby23Mtor0.2%.

Growingemissionsfromcombustionwereoffsetbydeclinesfromindustrialprocesses.Weakereconomicgrowth,decliningconstructionactivity,andstrictCovid-19measuresledtoreductionsinindustrialandtransportemissions.Powersectoremissionsgrowthslowedcomparedwiththeaverageofthepastdecadebutstillreached2.6%.

TheEuropeanUnionsawa2.5%or70MtreductioninCO2emissions

despiteoilandgasmarketdisruptions,hydroshortfallsduetodrought,andnumerousnuclearplantsgoingoffline.Buildingssectoremissionsfellmarkedly,helpedbyamildwinter.Althoughpowersectoremissionsincreasedby3.4%,coalusewasnotashighasanticipated.Forthefirsttime,electricitygenerationfromwindandsolarPVcombinedexceededthatofgasornuclear.

USemissionsgrewby0.8%or36Mt.Thebuildingssectorsawthe

highestemissionsgrowth,drivenbyextremetemperatures.Themainemissionsreductionscamefromelectricityandheatgeneration,thankstounprecedentedincreasesinsolarPVandwind,aswellascoal-to-gasswitching.Whilemanyothercountriesreducedtheirnaturalgasuse,theUnitedStatessawanincreaseof89MtinCO2emissionsfromgas,asitwascalledupontomeetpeakelectricitydemandduringsummerheatwaves.

EmissionsfromAsia’semergingmarketanddevelopingeconomies,

excludingChina,grewmorethanthosefromanyotherregionin2022,

increasingby4.2%or206MtCO2.Overhalfoftheregion’sincreaseinemissionscamefromcoal-firedpowergeneration.

ThisreportisthefirstintheIEA’snewseries,the

GlobalEnergyTransitions

Stocktake

.ThenewtrackerconsolidatestheIEA’slatestanalysisinoneplace,makingitfreelyaccessibleinsupportofthefirstGlobalStocktakeinthelead-uptoCOP28.

CO2Emissionsin2022

Growthinemissionslowerthanfeared

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|5

GtCO2GtCO2

2

1

0

-1

-2

Energy-relatedCO2emissionsgrewby0.9%toover

36.8Gtin2022

Globalcarbondioxide(CO2)emissionsfromenergycombustionandindustrialprocesses

1

grew0.9%or321Mtin2022toanewall-timehighof36.8Gt.ThisestimateisbasedontheIEA’sdetailedregion-by-regionandfuel-by-fuelanalysis,incorporatingthelatestofficialnationalstatisticsandpubliclyavailabledataonenergyuse,economicindicators,andweather.

Lastyear’sincreasefollowstwoyearsofexceptionaloscillationsinenergy-relatedemissions.Emissionsshrankbymorethan5%in2020,astheCovid-19pandemiccutenergydemand.In2021,emissionsreboundedpastpre-pandemiclevels,growingmorethan6%intandemwitheconomicstimulusandtheroll-outofvaccines.

Figure1:GlobalCO2emissionsfromenergycombustionandindustrialprocessesandtheirannualchange,1900-2022

40

30

20

10

1900191019201930194019501960197019801990200020102022

IEA.CCBY4.0.

CO2emissionsfromenergycombustiongrewbyaround1.3%or423Mtin2022,whileCO2emissionsfromindustrialprocessesdeclinedby102Mt.Emissionsgrowthin2022wasbelowglobalGDPgrowth(+3.2%),revertingtoadecades-longtrendofdecouplingemissionsandeconomicgrowththatwasbrokenin2021.

1AllsubsequentmentionsofCO2emissionsrefertoCO2emissionsfromenergycombustionandindustrialprocesses,unlessotherwisespecified.Furtherdetailsaboutmethodologyareattheendofthereport.

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|6

MtCO2

IncreaseDecreaseNetchangeIncreaseDecreaseNetchange

Meanwhile,improvementsinCO2intensityofenergyusewereslightlyslowerthanthepastdecade’s(2012-2021)annualaverage.

Thereweredivergenttrendsbetweenregionsandsectors.CO2emissionsgrewinNorthAmericaandAsia(excludingPeople’sRepublicofChina[“China”hereafter]),outweighingreductionsfromEuropeandChina.Atagloballevel,CO2emissionsfrompowerandtransport(includinginternationalbunkers)grewby261Mtand254Mt,respectively,morethanoffsettingreductionsfromindustryandbuildings.

Figure2:ChangeinCO2emissionsbyregionandbysector,2021-2022

600

500

400

300

200

100

Bysector

Byregion

Regions:

Restofworld

InternationalbunkersRestofAsiaPacific

NorthAmerica

Europe

China

Sectors:

Other

Buildings

Transport

Industry

Power

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Note:Transportincludesinternationalbunkers.

Greaterdeploymentofcleanenergytechnologieshelped

preventfurtheremissionsgrowthamidcrises

InanexceptionallyturbulentyearwithRussia'sinvasionofUkraine,energypriceshocks,risinginflation,andmajordisruptionstotraditionalfueltradeflows,globalgrowthinemissionswaslowerthananticipated.

ImpressivegrowthofsolarPVandwindgenerationhelpedpreventaround465MtCO2inpowersectoremissions.Othercleanenergytechnologies,includingotherrenewables,electricvehicles,andheatpumps,helpedpreventanadditionalroughly85MtCO2.Withoutthisincreasedgrowthincleanenergydeployment,theannualincreaseinenergy-relatedemissionswouldhavebeenalmosttriple.Emissionsreductionsalsoresultedfromeconomicslowdowns,including

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|7

MtCO2

155MtCO2fromdecreasesinenergy-intensiveindustrialproduction,mainlyinChina,theEuropeanUnion,Japan,KoreaandNorthAmerica.

Specificchallengesin2022alsocontributedtotheglobalincreaseinemissions.Oftheoverallincreaseof321MtCO2,extremetemperaturescontributed60Mtfromheatingandcoolingforbuildings.Thedeclineinnuclearpowergeneration,duetobothmaintenanceandcontinuedphase-outs,ledtoanother55MtCO2.

Figure3:ChangeinglobalCO2emissionsbydriver,2021-2022

ActualincreaseAvoided

600

400

200

Other600Otherclean

technologies

Nuclearplants

offline

Heatingandcoolingduetoextremeweather

Wind

400

SolarPV

Industrial

200

slowdown

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Notes:SolarPVandwindrefertotheannualgrowthingeneration.Othercleantechnologiesistheannualgrowthinuseofotherrenewables,electricvehicles,andheatpumps.Inthisfigure,industryincludesironandsteel,chemicals,non-metallicminerals,andnon-ferrousmetals.

Reductionsinemissionsfromnaturalgasweremore

thanreplacedbyemissionsfromcoal

Emissionsfromnaturalgasdecreasedby1.6%or118Mtin2022,asanalreadytightgassupplywasexacerbatedbyRussia’sinvasionofUkraineandthewidespreadtradedisruptionsthatfollowed.

EmissionsreductionswereparticularlypronouncedinEurope,wheretheyfellby13.5%,withthestrongestyear-on-yearreductionscominginthelastmonthsoftheyear.Europeangaspricesreachedrecordhighsin2022followingasharpdeclineinRussiangasflows.However,amildstarttowinterhelpedreducehouseholdheatingdemand.IntheAsiaPacific,LNGspotpricesalsospiked,andnaturalgasemissionsdeclinedby1.8%,thelargestyear-on-yeardeclineeverseenintheregion.Bycontrast,naturalgasdemandremainedrobustintheUnitedStatesandCanada,whereemissionsfromgasincreasedby5.8%.

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|8

GtCO2

Naturalgas

Coalemissionsgrew243Mttoanewall-timehighofalmost15.5Gt.This1.6%increasewasfasterthanthe0.4%annualaveragegrowthoverthepastdecade.

Figure4:ChangeinglobalCO2emissionsbyfuel,relativeto2019levels,2015-2022

1.0

Coal

0.5

0.0

-0.5Oil

-1.0

-1.5

20152016201720182019202020212022

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Oilemissionsgrewthemostlastyear

Emissionsfromoilgrewby2.5%(or268Mt)to11.2Gtin2022.Aroundhalfoftheyear-on-yearincreasecamefromaviationasairtravelcontinueditsrecoveryfrompandemiclows.Thereboundtopre-pandemicemissionslevelswasfasterinadvancedeconomies,wherelastyear’saviationemissionsreached85%of2019levels,comparedwith73%inemergingmarketanddevelopingeconomies.

Totaltransportemissionsincreasedby2.1%(or137Mt),alsodrivenbygrowthinadvancedeconomies.Nonetheless,emissionswouldhavebeenhigherwithouttheacceleratingdeploymentoflow-carbonvehicles.Electriccarsalessurpassed10millionin2022,makingupover14%ofglobalsales.Ifallnewelectriccarsontheroadhadbeentypicaldieselorgasolinecars,globalemissionslastyearwouldhavebeenanother13Mthigher.

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|9

GtCO2

15

12

9

6

3

Despitepromisinggrowthinrenewables,powersector

emissionshadthelargestsectoralgrowth

Thelargestabsolutesectoralincreaseinemissionsin2022wasfromelectricityandheatgeneration.Electricityandheatsectoremissionsincreasedby1.8%(or261Mt),reachinganall-timehighof14.6Gt.Gas-to-coalswitchinginmanyregionswasthemaindriverofthisgrowth:CO2fromcoal-firedpowergenerationgrewby2.1%,ledbyincreasesinAsianemergingmarketanddevelopingeconomies.Naturalgasemissionsinthepowersectorremainedcloseto2021levels,proppedupmostsignificantlybyanincreaseintheUnitedStates.

Globalelectricitydemandincreasedby2.7%,andoverallcarbonintensityoftheelectricitygenerationdeclinedby2.0%,resuminganine-yeartrendthathadbeenbrokenin2021.

Theresumeddeclineincarbonintensityresultedfromthefastdeploymentofrenewablesacrossallregions,withrenewablesmeeting90%ofglobalgrowthinelectricitydemand.SolarPVandwindgenerationeachincreasedbyaround275TWh,helpingtoavoidaround465Mtinpowersectoremissions.Althoughseveralcountriesregisteredseveredroughtsin2022,globalhydrogenerationgrewby52TWhfrom2021’slevels,whichwerelowbecauseofwatershortagesinmanyregions.

Figure5:GlobalCO2emissionsbysector,2019-2022

PowerIndustryTransportBuildings

Note:Transportincludesinternationalbunkers.

2019

2020

2021

2022

IEA.CCBY4.0.

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|10

Degreedays

China

China

Relianceoncoal-andgas-firedpowerinextreme

weatherdroveupemissionsacrossregions

Emissionswerepushedupbyrelianceonfossilfuelpowerplantstomeetexcesscoolingdemandduringextremesummerheat,withcoolingdegreedaysacrossseveralregionsin2022exceedingtypicallevelsoreventhemaximumseenbetween2000and2021.IntheUnitedStates,theshareofnaturalgasinthepowerfuelmixsurpassed40%inJulyandAugust.CoalpowergenerationinChinaincreasedinAugustby

around15%year-on-year

toexceed500TWh.Inbothcountries,emissionslevelsforthefirsthalfoftheyearwerelowerthanin2021,beforesummerheatwavesreversedthetrend.

Europesawthesecondwarmeststarttowinterinthelast30years,andasaresult,emissionsfrombuildingswerelowerthananticipated.

Forthefullyear,coolingandheatingdemandfromextremeweatherpushedupglobalemissionsbyaround60MtCO2,aroundtwo-thirdsofwhichcamefromadditionalcoolingneeds,andtheremainingthirdfromheatingneeds.Thisaccountedforalmostone-fifthofthetotalglobalincreaseinCO2emissions.

Figure6:Coolingdegreedaysinsummermonthsandheatingdegreedaysinwintermonthsforselectedcountries/regions,2000-2022

600

500

400

300

200

100

Coolingdegreedays(Jun-Aug)

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

Heatingdegreedays(Oct-Dec)

2000-2021

2022

UnitedStates

European

Union

United

States

EuropeanUnion

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Notes:Coolingdegreedaysillustratehowhotaveragedailytemperatureswereandaremeasuredrelativeto21?C.Heatingdegreedaysillustratehowcoldaveragedailytemperatureswereandaremeasuredrelativeto18?C.

CO2Emissionsin2022

Growthinemissionslowerthanfeared

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|11

China’semissionsbarelychangedfrom2021to2022,

amidCovid-19lockdownsandarealestateslump

Energy-relatedemissionsinChinawererelativelyflatbetween2021and2022,decreasingby0.2%or23Mttoaround12.1Gt.Emissionsfromenergycombustionalonegrewby88Mt,entirelyduetoincreaseduseofcoal,butthiswasmorethanoffsetbydeclinesinemissionsfromindustrialprocesses.Theoverallyearlydeclinewasthefirstsincestructuralreformsdroveemissionslowerin2015.

WhileChinasignificantlyrampedupdomesticcoalproductionandcoalpowercapacityadditionslastyear,actualcoalconsumptiondidnotfullykeeppace.TemperedbyalargeincreaseinsolarPVandwindgeneration,coalaccountedforaroundthree-fifthsofthefuelmixinelectricitygeneration.Totalelectricitydemandgrewmuchslowerthantheaverageseenoverthelastdecade.Assuch,emissionsfromcoal-firedpowerincreasedbyaround3%,inpartduetotheramp-upofcoalpowerplantsduringheatwaves,aswellastoincreasingrelianceonelectricityordistrictheatingfuelledbycoal.

Industrysectoremissionsdeclined,buttheeffectsofChina’scrackdownondebt-financedpropertyandtheongoingrealestateslumpwerenotfullyreflectedin2022industryemissions.Constructionnewstartsweredownbyaround40%year-on-year,whiletheproductionofsteelandcementwerejust2%and10%lowerthanin2021,respectively.Asaresult,China’sindustrysectoremitted161Mtlessthantheyearbefore,withalargeshareofthisdeclinefromprocessemissions.China’sunprecedentedlylargeyear-on-yeardeclinepulleddownglobalindustryemissions.

Incontrasttotheglobalgrowthintransportsectoremissions,China’stransportemissionsregistereda3.1%decreasein2022.Covid-19measureswerestronglyreinforcedincomparisonto2021,includingtotallockdownsinmajorcitiesandrestrictionsoncrossingprefectureorprovinceboundaries.Atthesametime,electriccarsalesreached6millionin2022,preventingfurtheremissionsfromdieselandgasolinecars.

UnitedStatesemissionsgrewin2022,drivenbyrising

naturalgasconsumption

USemissionsgrewby0.8%(or36Mt)to4.7Gtin2022.Theannualgrowthwasmuchslowerthan2021’sspurtbutstilladeviationfromthepreviousdecade’sdecliningtrend.Whilemostothercountriesshiftedawayfromnaturalgasinthefaceoflastyear’spricespikes,theUnitedStatesincreaseditsconsumption.

CO2Emissionsin2022

Growthinemissionslowerthanfeared

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|12

Emissionsfromnaturalgasincreased89Mt,morethansupplantingthe69Mtdeclineincoalemissions.

Emissionsgrewthemostinthebuildingssector,rising26Mtandfarexceedingthelastdecade’sannualaveragegrowth(around7Mtperyear).Thejumpwasmostlycausedbycoldweatherduringtheearlymonthsoftheyear.

Powersectoremissionsdecreasedby20Mt,inlargepartthankstosolarPVandwindgenerationincreasingbyaround95TWh.Withoutlastyear’sriseinrenewables,powersectoremissionswouldhavebeenaround65MtCO2higher.However,powergenerationcontributedmorethanhalfofthegrowthinnaturalgasemissions,asthetrendofcoal-to-gasswitchingresumedafterastrongcoalreboundin2021,withnaturalgaspowerplantsmeetingpeakcoolingdemandduringthesummer’sheatwaves.

EnergycrisispushedEuropeanUniontocutemissions

throughcleanpoweranddemandreductionmeasures

Despitethecoincidingchallengesofoilandgasmarketdisruptions,hydroshortfallsduetodrought,andnumerousnuclearplantsgoingoffline,theEuropeanUnionreduceditsemissionsby2.5%(or70Mt),thankstoamildwinter,effectiveenergyconservationmeasures,fuelswitching,behaviourchanges,andindustrialproductioncurtailments.Reducednaturalgasemissionsmorethanoffsetincreasesinemissionsfromcoalandoil.

Buildingssectoremissionsdeclinedthemost,by60Mt,enabledbyexceptionallymildweatherfromOctobertoDecember2022–thesecondwarmeststarttowinterinthelast30years–andcollectiveenergyconservationmeasures.Averageelectricityconsumptionwaslower,evenaccountingforweather,andelectricityusewaslesssensitivetotemperaturechangesin2022thanin2019,pointingtotheroleofbehaviourchange.EUheatpumpsalesreached2.8million,morethandoublinginseveralcountriesfromthepreviousyear.MeanwhileindustrysectorCO2emissionsdeclinedby42Mt.

CO2Emissionsin2022

Growthinemissionslowerthanfeared

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|13

GW

Figure7:DailyaverageelectricityloadatdifferenttemperaturesintheEuropeanUnion,2019and2022

400

350

300

250

2019

Oct-Dec2022

Thermosensitivity

2019

Thermosensitivity

Oct-Dec2022

200

0481216?C

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Notes:Thermosensitivityshowsthelineofbestfitbetweenaveragedailyelectricityloadandaveragedailytemperature.2019isshownasanindicativehistoricyearbeforethepandemic.

Source:AnalysisbasedonIEA

WeatherforEnergyTracker

and

RealTimeElectricityTracker.

Powersectoremissionsincreasedby28Mteventhoughelectricitydemanddeclined,asatemporarilyhigherrelianceoncoalincreasedcarbonintensity.A15%increaseinwindandsolarPVgenerationhelpedpreventfurthercoalusewithwindandsolarPVforthefirsttimejointlyovertakinggasaswellasnuclearasthetopsourceofEurope’selectricitygeneration.Thisrecord-breakingincreaseinsolarPVandwindgenerationavoidedalmost75MtCO2ofemissions.Withouthydrogenerationdecreasingby21%year-on-yearandnuclearby17%,another80Mtcouldhavebeenaverted.

Despitetheglobalenergycrisis,recoveryfromthe

Covid-19pandemicisprovingmoresustainablethanpastcrises

CountriesrespondedtothehighenergypricesandenergysecurityconcernscausedbyRussia’sinvasionofUkrainewithenergyconservationmeasures,fuelswitching,andanaccelerationofcleanenergytechnologydeployment.

Emissionstrendsnowstandincontrasttothoseseenafterthe2008globalfinancialcrisis.EnergyintensityofGDPisnow3.5%below2019pre-pandemiclevels,comparedto2%belowthreeyearsaftertheonsetofthefinancialcrisis.CO2intensityofenergyusein2022waslowerthanbeforethepandemic,afterashort-livedreboundin2021,unliketheincreasethatemergedintheearly2010s.

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|14

Index(2008=100)

Index(2019=100)

Thelargegreenspendingcomponentofstimuluspackagesappearstobemakingalastingimpactoncontrollingemissionsgrowth.BetweenApril2020andOctober2022,economicrecoverypackagesenactedbygovernmentsworldwideincludedUSD1215billionincleanenergyinvestmentsupport,asdetailedintheIEA’s

GovernmentEnergySpendingTracker

.Thisiswellovertwicethefinancialcommitmentsmadetogreenrecoverymeasuresafterthefinancialcrisis.

Figure8:Globalemissionsintensityofenergyuseandenergyintensityofeconomicactivity,2008-2011and2019-2022

Financialcrisis

105

100

952008200920102011

EnergyintensityofGDP

105Covid-19pandemic

100

95

2019202020212022

CO?intensityofenergy

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Energy-relatedgreenhousegasemissionsreached

41.3GtCO2-eqin2022

Totalenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissionsincreasedby1.0%toanall-timehighof41.3GtCO2-eq(see“Datasourcesandmethod”forglobalwarmingpotentialvalues).CO2emissionsfromenergycombustionandindustrialprocessaccountedfor89%ofenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissionsin2022.

Methanefromenergycombustion,leaksandventingrepresentedanother10%,mostlycomingfromonshoreoilandgasoperationsaswellassteamcoalproduction.

Methaneemissionsrosetonearly135Mt

CH4oraround4GtCO2-eqin2022,despitehighnaturalgaspricesthatincreasedthecosteffectivenessofmethaneabatementtechnologies.

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|15

GtCO2-eq

Figure9:Globalenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissions,2000-2022

40

30

20

10

Non-CO2:

Nitrousoxide

Methane

COb2l:ank_series

Industrialprocesses

Flaring

Waste

Naturalgas

Oil

Coal

200020052010201520202022

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Source:FlaringemissionsarefromIEAanalysisbasedonthe

WorldBankGlobalGasFlaringReductionProgramme.

ThisreportisthefirstintheIEA’snewseriescalledthe

GlobalEnergyTransitions

Stocktake

.ThenewtrackerconsolidatestheIEA’slatestanalysisinonelocation,makingitfreelyaccessibleinsupportofthefirstGlobalStocktakeinthelead-uptoCOP28ClimateChangeCo