2012英語題目和內容對新增文章 第三十五篇GoingHerOwnWay【選擇她自己的路 綜合 新增文章 *第三十三篇OseolaMcCarty【老婦人OseolaMcCarty 綜合 新增文章 第八篇TheChangingMiddleClass【變化中的中產 理工 新增文章 第四十五 SmallButWise【小而聰明 理工 新增文章 第三十八篇“LifeFormFound”onSaturn'sTitan【土衛(wèi)六上發(fā)現(xiàn)了生命跡象 理工 新增文章 第十九篇Graphene'sSuperstrength【石墨烯的超強力量 衛(wèi)生 新增文章 第四十篇SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers【咸度味感因人而異 衛(wèi)生 舊文章 NewAttemptstoEradicateAIDS【根除的新突破 衛(wèi)生 新增文章 第八篇EatHealthy【健康飲食 綜綜合 GoingHerOwnWayWhenshewastwelve,Mafiamadeherfirstimportantdecisionaboutthecourseofherlife.Shedecidedthatshewantedtocontinuehereducation.Mostgirlsfrommiddle-classfamilieschosetostayhomeafterprimaryschool,thoughsomeattendedprivateCatholic“finishing”schools.Theretheylearnedalittleaboutmusic,art,needlework,andhowtomakepoliteconversation.ThiswasnotthesortofeducationthatinterestedMaria—orhermother.Bythistime,shehadbeguntotakeherstudiesmoreseriously.Shereadconstantlyandbroughtherbookseverywhere.Onetimesheevenbroughthermathbooktothetheaterandtriedtostudyinthedark.Mariaknewthatshewantedtogoonlearninginaseriousway.Thatmeantattendingthepublichighschool,somethingthatveryfewgirlsdid.InItalyatthetime,thereweretwotypesofhighschools:the“classical”schoolsandthe“technical”schools.Intheclassicalschools,thestudentsfollowedaverytraditionalprogramofstudies,withcoursesinLatinandGreeklanguageandliture,andItalianlitureandhistory1.Thefewgirlswhostudyingafterprimaryschoolusuallychosetheseschools.Maria,however,wantedtoattendatechnicalschool.Thetechnicalschoolsweremoremodernthantheclassicalschoolsandtheyofferedcoursesinmodemlanguages,mathematics,science,accounting2.Mostpeople—includingMaria'sfather—believedthatgirlswouldneverbeabletounderstandthesesubjects.Furthermore,theydidnotthinkitwasproperforgirlstostudythem.Mariadidnotcareifitwasproperornot.Mathandsciencewerethesubjectsthatinterestedhermost.Butbeforeshecouldsignupforthetechnicalschool,shehadtowinherfather'sapproval.Shefinallydid,withhermother'shelp,thoughformanyyearsafter,therewastensioninthefamily.Maria'sfather toopposeherns,whilehermotherhelpedher.In1883,atagethirteen,Mariaenteredthe“RegiaScuolaicaMichelangeloBuonarroti”inRome.Herexperienceatthisschoolisdifficultforustoimagine.Thoughthecoursesincludedmodemsubjects,theteachingmethodswereverytraditional.Learningconsistedofmemorizinglonglistsoffactsandrepeatingthembacktotheteacher.Studentswerenotsupposedtoaskquestionsorthinkforthemselvesinanyway.Teacherswereverydemanding,disciplineintheclassroomwasstrict,andpunishmentwassevereforthosewhofailedtoachieveorwere schoolwithLatinandtechnicalhighschoolforartand對 題目第一題，無變化 schoolwithLatinandtechnicalhighschoolforartandInthosedays,mostItalian wenttoclassical didnotgotohigh對 題目第二題，無變化Inthosedays,mostItalian wentto“finishing”didnotgotohigh A)hadverymodernabout對 題目第四題，無變化 s A)hadverymodernabouthadverytraditionalviewsaboutwomenhadnoopinionaboutthoughtwomennotlearnhadverytraditionalviewsaboutwomenhadnoopinionaboutthoughtwomennotlearn4、HighschoolteachersinItalyinthosedayswere veryvery quitequite對 題目第五題，無變化5、HighschoolteachersinItalyinthosedays veryvery quitequiteYoucaninferfromthispassagethat girlsusuallyattendedprivateprimaryschoolsgirlsdidnotlikegoingto classicalschoolsMariaisagirlhasstrong對應第三題，【題未變，題號變?yōu)?BD:Mariaisagirlhasverystrong3、Youcaninferfromthispassagethat girlsusuallyattendedprivateprimaryschools attendedtechnicalschoolsgirlsdidnotlikegoingtoschoolonlygirlsclassical 多數(shù)來自中產家庭的子來說，小學畢業(yè)就都選擇待在家里，盡管有一些參加了教會辦的女子精修學校。在那她們學些音樂、藝術、針線活，以及如何禮貌交談。這些并不是瑪利亞所感的或者可以說也不是她感的。此時，她對待學習更加認法在中學習。瑪利亞知道她想要繼續(xù)正規(guī)學習。她想要到公立高中去學習，很少有子這樣做。在當意大利的文學與歷史。極少數(shù)能繼續(xù)學習的們也大多選擇這類學校。代語言、數(shù)學、自然科學，以及會計學。包括瑪利亞父親在內的大部分人都認為，子是不可能弄明白這些科目的。另外，他們也認為子不適合學習這些。瑪利亞并不在乎適合與否。數(shù)學和自然科學是她最感的學科。但是在她報名之前她必須爭得她父親的同意。最后在她母親的幫助下她成功了，盡管過去很多年家庭關系然很緊張。父親一直地計劃，而母親卻幫助她1883，瑪利亞1歲的時候考取了羅馬的“Regia a ia Buonarroti”校。她在這個學校的經(jīng)歷對我們來說難以想象。盡管課程包括現(xiàn)代學科，而教學方式卻是十分傳統(tǒng)的。學習包括長長的詞條和，然后向老師復述。學生們不會以任何的方式被提問或是自己思考。老師非常苛刻，課堂紀律十分嚴格，未達標準或者不守紀律的學生會被給予嚴厲的懲罰。綜合*OseolaMcCartyOseolaMcCartyladypassedawayinthelittlewoodenframehousewhereshehadlivedandworkedmostofherlife.Itmayseemlikeanordinaryendtoahumblelife,buttherewassomethingquite1exceptionalaboutthiswoman.Inthesummerof1995,McCartygave$150,000,mostofthemoneyshehadsavedthroughoutherlife,totheUniversityofSouthernMississippiinherhometown.ThemoneywastohelpotherAfricanAmericansthroughuniversity.Shehadstartedhersavingshabitasayoungchildwhenshewouldreturnfromschooltocleanandironformoneywhichshewouldthensave.Sheledasimple,frugalexistence,neverspendingonanythingbuthermostbasicneeds.2Herbankalsoadvisedheroninvestingherhard-earnedsavings.Whensheretired,shedecidedthatshewantedtousethemoneytogivechildrenoflimitedmeanstheopportunitytogotouniversity.3Shehadwantedto eanurse,buthadtoleaveschooltolookafterillrelativesandwork.Whenaskedwhyshehadgivenherlifesavingsaway,shereplied,“I'mgivingitawaysothatchildrenwon'thavetoworksohard,likeIdid.”Afternewsofherdonationhitthemedia,over600donationsweremadetothescholarshipfund.Onewasgivenbymediaexecutive,TedTurner,whoreputedlygaveabilliondollars.Shedidn'twantanyfussmadeoverhergift,butthenewsgotoutandshewasinvitedallovertheUnitedStatestotalktopeople.Wherevershewent,peoplewouldcomeuptohertosayafewwordsortojusttouchher.Shemettheordinaryandthefamous,Clintonincluded.Inthelastfewyearsofherlife,beforeshediedofcancer,McCartywasgivenover300:shewashonouredbytheUnitedNationsandreceivedtheialCitizen’sMedal.Despitehavingnorealeducation,shefoundherselfwithtwohonorarydoctorates:onefromtheUniversityofSouthernMississippiandtheotherfromHarvardUniversity.Hergenerositywasclearlyaninspirationtomanyandproofthattrueselflessnessdoesexist.Thiswomanshockedandinspiredtheworld shehadmanagedtosavesomuchmoneyshegavehermoneytoAfricanAmericansshegaveher 對 題目第一題，無變化Thiswomanshockedandinspiredtheworld shehadmanagedtosavesomuchmoneyshegavehermoneytoAfricanAmericansshegaveher throughD)sheonlyspentmoneyoncheapthingsthrough moneyoncheapthingsShemanagedtosaveso shehadironedandwashedclothesallherlifeshehadworkedhard,savedhardandinvestedshehadopenedagoodbankaccountsheknewhowmake對 Shemanagedtosaveso shehadironedandwashedclothesallherlifeshehadworkedhard,savedhardandinvestedshehadopenedagoodbankaccountsheknewhowmakeShegavehermoneyaway shewantedotherstohavethechanceto shewantedotherstohavetheopportunitytoescapeahardlifeshewanttorememberedafterher對 Shegavehermoneyaway shewantedtohelptheshewantedotherstohavethechanceto shewantedotherstohavetheopportunitytoescapeahardlifeshewanttorememberedafterherWhenhergenerositywas hundredsofstudentsgotscholarshipshundredsofpeopleputmoneyintothefundshewassent對 Whenhergenerositywas hundredsofstudentsgotscholarshipshundredsofpeopleputmoneyintothefundshewassent indicatesclearlythatscholarshipfundsarepopularinUSKind-heartedpeopledeservesdoctoratesSelflessnessexists題目 5、McCartybecamefamous ofherofherexceptionalshehadsavedhumanD.PoorpeoplecandonateasmuchasrichD)shetravelledallover 老婦人Oseola半輩子的小木屋中了。這位老婦人看似平凡的一生卻有著非同尋常的意義。1995年夏McCarty把她一生的大部分積蓄共計15萬全部捐給了她家鄉(xiāng)的南密西西比大學，用于幫助大學中的完成學業(yè)。她年輕的時候就養(yǎng)成了積蓄的習慣，那時候她從學就有600多名捐贈者向獎學金基金捐款。其中一人是管理人員，F(xiàn)edTurner，號稱捐贈了10億她從未想過捐贈會產生什么樣的影響，但消息一經(jīng)傳出，她就收到了來自各個地方的邀請，去向人們介紹事。無論她去哪，都有人去跟她說話或去她。她見到過普通大眾，也見過名流顯赫，如總統(tǒng)。在她死于的前幾年，她獲得了300多個獎項，被授予過獎項，也獲得過總統(tǒng)市民模范稱號。從未受過正式教育的她，被 綜合第八篇TheChangingMiddleClass【變化中的中產TheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnation.However,middleclassisnotarealdesignation,nordoesitcarryprivileges.1Itismoreofaperception,whichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWarII.Theeconomywasgrowing,moreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomes,workershadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthem,andnearlyeveryonewhowantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocialmobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoor,buttheycould erich.Successfulpeoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility.Inotherwords,theyfoundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofces.Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrongvalueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatonecandetermineone'sowneconomicfate.Inaddition,middle-classmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility,importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers,andbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneself.2Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.AU.S.News&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericansbelievedthatclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet3.Bothspousesnowworked,asdidsomeofthechildren;longcommutesbecameroutine;theneedforchildcareputstrainson4thefamily;andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodastheyoncewere.Membersofthemiddleclasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestylesthroughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjustwhatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging.Thispassagegivesinformationasocialandeconomicanapolitical ernmentTheinformationinthispassagedeals anasocialandeconomicapoliticalIntheyearsafterWorldWarII,themiddleclasswereoverburdenedandinhardworkingandhappyandfullofyoungandIntheyearsafterWorldWarII,themiddleclasscouldbedefined overburdenedandinhardworkingandprosperousandyoungandOneimportantmiddle-classvalueispeopleshouldalwayshavechildrenshouldbelieveindebtisnothingtoworrytheyshouldearnenoughtofinancetheirlifestyles.Acommonmiddleclassvalueis peopleshouldalwayshavechildrenshouldbeseenandnotdebtisnothingtoworrythefamilyisveryInthesecondparagraph,theword"collectively'means asaThe1994surveyshowedmostAmericansthoughtthemiddleclass hadaregularjourneytocouldnotearnenoughmoneytomaintaintheirlifestyles.couldeasilymaintainThephrase“Inotherwords”inthefirstparagraphmeansthatthefollowingstatementis anexceptiontotheadenialofthepreviousarestatementoftheacontrasting 把自己看成是一個中產的國家。然而，中產既不是一個真實的稱號，也不會帶來特別待遇。它更是一個觀念，一個也許在第二次之后會變得更加正確的觀。那時，經(jīng)濟不斷增長，越來越多的人擁有了自己的家庭，工人們和雇傭自己的公司簽訂了可靠的合同，并且?guī)缀跛邢胧艿礁叩冉逃娜四軌蚪邮芙逃３晒Φ南硎苓@種上升的社會流動性。他們也許之前很窮，但是他們能夠變得富有。成功同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)他們有更好的地理流動性。換句話說，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正移居并各種各樣的地方。這些中產都持有幾種相同的價值觀和原則。認為賺取足夠金錢就可以決定自己經(jīng)濟命運的想法，是其中一種比較價值觀。另外，中產的道德觀包括個人的責任感、但是在20世紀90年代，這些中產的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了成功的代價。1994年，與世界》的一篇稱，75％的人認為中產家庭無法收支相抵。現(xiàn)在夫妻雙很大壓力，并且公立學校已經(jīng)不如以前那樣好了。中產的成員不再通過薪水來支付他們的生活所需，而是通過使用來維持生活。對于中產的理解正在發(fā)生變化。理工第四十五篇SmallButWiseOnDecember14,NASA1blastedasmallbutmightyescopeintospace.TheescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.Don'tletitssmallsizefoolyou:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera,anditwillbetakingpicturesofsomethewildestobjects2intheknownuniverse,includingasteroids,faintstars,blazinggalaxies3andgiantcloudsofdustwherenetsandstarsarebom.“I'mveryexcitedbecausewe'regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven'tseenbefore,”saidNedWright,ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject.Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit4(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap5).Itscameraispointedoutward,awayfromtheEarth,andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferentpartoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentiresky.ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon'tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs,however.WISEstandsfor“Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer.”Asitsnamesuggests,theWISEcameratakespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation6.Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelight,includingthefamiliarspectrumoflight7that takesapictureofatree,forexample,itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthatarereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens,they'reprocessedbythecamera,whichthenputstheimagetogether.Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight,soordinarydigitaldon'tseethem,andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletotheeye,longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin.That'sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsotherescopescan't.Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroids,forexample,aregiantrocksthatfloatthroughspace—buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.Theydon'treflectlight,sothey'redifficulttosee.Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation,soaninfraredescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISEwilltakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids.Browndwarfs8areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE'spictures.Theseobjectsare“failed”stars—whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughtojumpstart9thesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Instead,browndwarfssimplyshrinkandcooldown.They'resodimthatthey'realmostimpossibletoseewithvisiblelight,butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow.1、WhatissospecialaboutAItisassmallasaBItissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera.CItsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownDNeverbeforehasaescopecarriedadigitalin 1.WhatissospecialaboutAItissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera.BItisassmallasaCItsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownDNeverbeforehasaescopecarriedadigitalin2、ThecameraonBproducesimagesofobjectsgivingoffinfraredCreflectslightvisibletothehumaneyes.Dissimilartoanordinarydigitalcamera. Thecameraonisnodifferentfromanordinarycamera.doesnotseeinfraredradiationwhiletheordinarycameradoes.catchestheinfraredradiationwhiletheordinarycameradoesnot.reflectslightthateyescan BlooksbrighterthanvisibleCisvisiblelightreflected2.WhichisNOTthesynonymfortheword“snap”inthethirdABCDanDhaslongerwavesthanthoseofvisiblelight.4、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutasteroidsisNOTATheWISE escopecancatchandtakepicturesofthem.BTheydonotreflectlightthatreachesthem.CTheyfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight.DTheyareinvisibletoordinarycameras.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectabout“asteroids”accordingtoparagraph7?Asteroidsfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight.Asteroidsdonotreflectlightthatreachesthem.Itisdifficulttotakeasteroids'picturesbyordinaryTheWISEescopecantakepicturesofasteroids5、Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatbrowndwarfs.AgiveoffinfraredarepowerstarslikeemassiveandDareinvisibletotheWISEWhatisimpliedinthelastBrowndwarfsgiveoffvisiblelight.Browndwarfsgiveoffinfraredradiation.Browndwarfsarepowerstarslikethesun. impossibletoseewiththeWISE 12月14日，國家航空航天局發(fā)射了一積小而的望遠鏡，它的名字叫“WISE”(聰明)，大約只有一個盒子那么寬。你可千萬不要輕視這個小東西，WISE可是一款高 射到他們表面的大部分光。他們不能反射光，所以要看到他們很。但他們卻釋放出紅星，它們是一些不夠大，不能像的能量那樣啟動相同的反應。褐矮星只能縮小和冷卻理工第三十八篇“LifeFormFound”onSaturn'sTitanScientistssaytheyhavediscoveredhintsofalienlife1ontheSaturn'smoon2.ThediscoveryofasortoflifewasannouncedafterresearchersattheUSspaceagency,NASA3,yzeddatafromspacecraftCassini4,whichpointedtotheexistenceofmethane-basedformoflifeonSaturn'sbiggestmoon.Scientistshavereportedlydiscoveredcluesshowingprimitivealienbeingsare“breathing”inTitan'sdenseatmospherefilledwithhydrogen.TheyarguethathydrogengetsabsorbedbeforehittingTitan'snet-likesurfacecoveredwithmethanelakesandrivers.This,theysay,pointstotheexistenceofsome“bugs”5consumingthehydrogenatthesurfaceofthemoonlessthanhalfthesizeoftheEarth.similartothewayweconsumeoxygenonEarth,”saysNASAscientistChrisMcKay.“Ifthesesignsdoturnouttobeasignoflife,itwouldbedoublyexcitingbecauseitwouldrepresentasecondformoflifeindependentfromwater-basedlifeonEarth.”Todate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflifeanywhere,thoughthereareliquid-water-basedmicroorganismsonEarththatgrowwellonmethaneorproduceitasawasteproduct.OnTitan,wheretemperaturesarearound90Kelvin6(minus290degreesFarenheit),amethane-basedorganismwouldhavetouseasubstancethatisliquidasitsmediumforlivingprocesses,butnotwateritself.WaterisfrozensolidonTitan'ssurfaceandmuchtoocoldtosupportlifeasweknowit.ScientistshadexpectedtheSun'sinctionswithchemicalsintheatmospheretoproducecoatingofacetyleneonTitan'ssurface.ButCassinidetectednoacetyleneontheTheabsenceofdetectableacetyleneontheTitan'ssurfacecanverywellhaveanon-biologicalexnation,saidMarkAllen,aprincipalinvestigator7oftheNASATitanteam.“Scientificconservatismsuggeststhatabiologicalexnationshouldbethelastchoiceafterallnon-biologicalexnationsareaddressed,”Allensaid.“Wehavealotofworktodotoruleout8possiblenon-biologicalexnations.Itismorelikelythatachemicalprocess,withoutbiology,canexintheseresults.”1.WhatdoscientistsclaimtohavefoundaboutSaturn?Water-basedlifeonMethane-basedlifeonitsbiggestmoon.AnewmoonmovingaroundEarthlikelifeonitsbiggest1.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutATheyhavefoundanewmoonorbitingSaturnBTheyhavefoundmethane-basedlifeonSaturn.CTheyhavefoundmethane-basedlifeonTitan.DTheyhavefoundearthlikeonaSaturn'sWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTitanistrue?ItisaslargeastheThereisacetyleneonitsWateronitactsasalifesupportingmedium. reportedtobeonWhatdoscientistssayaboutTherearelifecluesThereisacetyleneWateronTitanexistsintheformofice.Riversandlakestherecontainlifeforms.Theexpression"thisformoflife"inparagraph5referto?oxygen-basedMethane-basedLiquid-basedTodate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflife...(paragraph5)Whatdoes“thisformoflife”referMethane-basedGas-basedItcanbeinferredfromMarkAllen’saddressthatScientistsaretryingtoconfirmtheseislifeonTitan.Scientistsagreethatachemicalprocessisaconvincingexnation.ScientistssharetheopinionabiologicalexnationisWhatcanbeinferredfromwhatAllenScientistshavedifferentargumentsoverwhetherthereislifeonScientistsallagreethatthereislifeonTitan.ScientistsallsuggestthatD.ScientistsarearguingoverwhetherthereislifeonTitan.biologicalexnationisDScientistsallagreethatanon-biologicalchemicalreactionisapossibleexnation.5.Whichofthefollowingcanrecethetitleofthispassage?AdifferentLifeForm,aB.EarthlikeLivingBeingsFoundonTitan.C.FindingofOneMoreMoonof Whichofthefollowingcanrecethetitleofthispassage?.AEarthlikeLivingBeingsFoundonTitan.FindingofOneMoreMoonofTitan,aNew liteAdifferentLifeForm,a 科學家們說，在土衛(wèi)六上發(fā)現(xiàn)了外星生命跡象并宣布了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。國家航空航天局(NASA)的研究者們對卡西尼號探測器所傳回來的數(shù)據(jù)進行了分析，數(shù)據(jù)表明，土星中最大的一顆有以甲烷為基礎的生命的存在跡象。據(jù)，科學家們已經(jīng)找到了在土衛(wèi)六高濃度氫氣大氣層里“呼吸”的原始外星生命的線索。。這就證明在這個不及半個地球大小的表面有某種微生物在依靠氫氣生存國家航空航天局的科學家科學家們原指望與大氣層中的化學物質相互作用會在土衛(wèi)六上產生一層乙炔。但卡西Allen是宇航局土衛(wèi)六項目組的主要，他說道，既然在土衛(wèi)六的表面沒有探測到理工Graphene'sSuperstrengthBigtechnologycomesintinypackages.Newcellphonesand alcomputersgetsmallereveryyear,whichmeanstheseelectronicsrequireevensmallercomponentsontheinside.Engineersarelookingforcreativewaystobuildthesecomponents,andthey'veturnedtheireyestographene,asuperthin2material,madeofcarbon,thatcouldchangethefutureofelectronics.Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysics3hasbeenawardedtoAndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovfromtheUniversityofManchester4,UK.forthediscoveryofgraphene.Grapheneisn'tjustsmall,it's“thethinnestpossiblematerialinthisworld,”saysNovoselov.Hecallsita“wondermaterial.”It'ssothinthatyouwouldneedtostackabout25,000sheetsjusttomakeapileasthickasapieceofordinarywhitepaper.Ifyouweretoholdasheetofgrapheneinyourfingers5,you'dhavenoideabecauseyouwouldn'tbeabletoseeit.Carbonisoneofthemostabundantelementsintheuniverse.Everyknownkindoflifecontainscarbon.Grapheneisasheetofcarbon,butonlyoneatomthick.Youdon'thavetolookfartofindgraphene—it'sallaroundyou.Ifyouwantthishigh-techwonderstuff6,allyouneedisapencil,paperandalittleadhesivetape.Usethepenciltoshadeasmallareaonthepaper,andthenapplyasmallpieceofadhesivetapeoverthearea7.Whenyoupullupthetape,you'llseethatitpullsupathinlayerofsomeoftheshadingfromyourpencil.Thatlayeriscalledgraphite,oneofthesoftestmineralsintheworld.Nowstickthesamepieceoftapeonanothersheetofpaperandpullthetapeup—thereshouldbeaneventhinnerlayer,thistimeleftonthepaper.Nowimaginethatyoudothisoverandover,untilyougetthethinnestpossiblelayerofmaterialonthepaper.Thislayerwouldbeonlyoneatomthick,andyouwouldn'tbeabletoseeit.Graphiteismadeoflayersofgraphene,sowhenyougettothethinnestpossiblelayer,you'vefoundgraphene.1.Whatwouldchangethefutureofelectronicsaccordingtoengineers?alBigCreativeWhatwouldchangethefutureofelectronicsaccordingtoengineers?ABigCreativeBothAandWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutgrapheneistrue?ItisvisibletothehumanItispossiblythethinnestmaterialintheworld.2.Accordingtothesecondandthirdparagraphs,whatistrueofgraphene?AItcanbeusedtomakeBItispossibletoseeitwithournakedeye.C.ItcanbeusedtomakeD.FindingitdemandstimeandItiseasytofindItispossiblythethickestmaterialintheworld.Theword“apply”inparagraph4couldbeusedtorecedby?Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtorecetheword“apply”inparagraph4?AWhatdoesthewriter linthelasttwoparagraph?AneasywaytofindSignificanceofthediscoveryofDevelopmentofhigh-techPossibleapplicationsofWhichofthefollowingisNOTmeantinthelasttwoparagraphs?Grapheneismadeofgraphite,oneofthesoftestmaterialsintheworld.Graphiteismadeoflayersofgraphene,thethinnestmaterialintheWhenwegettothethinnestpossiblelayerofgraphite,wefindWithapencil,asheetofpaperandapieceofadhesivetape,wecanfindGraphene'ssuperstrengthliesinthefactthat.ItisthethinnestmaterialintheItismadeofthemostabundantelementsintheworld.Itcanhelptomakeelectroniccomponentssmaller.IthelpsengineerstomoresensitiveelectronicGraphene'ssuperstrengthliesinthefactthatAItisthethinnestmaterialintheItismadeofthemostabundantelementsintheworld.Itcanhelptomakeelectroniccomponentssmaller.Ithelpsengineerstomoresensitiveelectronic 今年的物理學獎頒發(fā)給了來自英國曼切斯特大學的Andre 衛(wèi)生第四十篇SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthersLow-saltfoodsmaybeharderforsomepeopletolikethanothers,accordingtoastudybyaPennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences1foodscientist.Theresearchindicatesthatgeneticfactorsinfluencesomeofthedifferenceinthelevelsofsaltweliketoeat.Thoseconclusionsareimportantbecauserecent,well-publicizedeffortstoreducethecontentinfood2haveleftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers3,pointedoutJohnHayes,assistantprofessoroffoodscience,whowasleadinvestigator?onthestudy.Dietshighinsaltcanincreasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandstroke.ThatiswhypublichealthexpertsandfoodcompaniesareWorkingtogetheronwaystohelpconsumerslowersaltintakethroughfoodsthatareenjoyabletoeat.ThisstudyincreasesunderstandingofsaltpreferenceandTheresearchinvolved87carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodssuchassoupandchips,onmultipleoccasions,spreadoutoverweeks5.Testsubjectswere45menand42women,reportedlyhealthy,ranginginagefrom20to40years.Thesamplewascomposedofindividualswhowerenotactivelymodifyingtheirdietaryintakeanddidnotsmokecigarettes.Theyratedtheintensityoftasteonacommonlyusedscientificscale,rangingfrombarelydetectabletostrongestsensationofanykind."Mostofuslikethetasteofsalt.However,someindividualseatmoresalt,bothbecausetheylikethetasteofsaltinessmore,andalsobecauseitisneededtoblockotherunpleasanttastesinfood,"saidHayes."Supertasters,peoplewhoexperiencetastesmoremtensely,consumemoresaltthannontastersdo.Snackfoodshavesaltinessastheirprimaryflavor,andatleastforthesefoods,moreisbetter,sothesupertastersseemtolikethemmore."However,supertastersalsoneedhigherlevelsofsalttoblockunpleasantbittertastesinfoodssuchascheese,Hayesnoted."Forexample,cheeseisawonderfulblendofdairyflavorsfromfermented,milk,butalsobittertastesfromripeningthatareblockedbysalt,"hesaid."Asupertasterfindslow-saltcheeseunpleasantbecausethebitternessistoopronounced6.Hayescitedresearchdonemorethan75yearsagobyachemistnamedFoxandageneticistnamedBlakeslee,showingthatindividualsdifferintheirabilitytotastecertainchemicals.Asaresult,Hayesexined,weknowthatawiderangeintasteacuityexists,andthisvariationisasnormalasvariationsineyeandhairJohnHayespointsoutinarecentstudyitishealthytoeatfoodwithoutmanypeoplerejectlow-saltfood foodwithlesssalttastes essfoodreluctantly.Inparagraph2,JohnHayespointsoutitisgoodtohealthtoeatfoodwithoutsalt.manypeoplerejectJohnHayespointsoutinarecentstudyitishealthytoeatfoodwithoutmanypeoplerejectlow-saltfood foodwithlesssalttastes essfoodreluctantly.Inparagraph2,JohnHayespointsoutitisgoodtohealthtoeatfoodwithoutsalt.manypeoplerejectlow-saltfood manypeopleacceptlow-salt essfoodreluctantlyfoodwithreducedsalttastes paragraphdescribesthepurposeofthe ysisoftheresearchtheresearchtheconclusionofthe paragraphdescribes howtoselectsubjectsandwhattodointheresearch.howtoidentifysupertastersandwhytolimitthenumberofsubjectsto87 whytoselectmoremalethanfemaleThearticlearguesthatlikesnackfoodsassaltinessistheirprimaryflavor.likethetasteofsaltinesstoblocksweettastesinfood.consumelesssaltbecausetheydon'tlikeintensivetastes.liketosharesaltycheeseThearticlearguesthatlikethetasteofsaltinesstoblocksweettastesinfood.likesnackfoodsassaltinessistheirprimaryflavor.consumelesssaltbecausetheydon'tlikeintensivetastes.liketosharesaltycheeseInparagraph6,theword"pronounced"isclosestinmeaningto Whichofthefollowingappliestosupertastersintermsofbittertaste?Theylikebitternessinfoodsaswellassaltiness.Theylikehigh-saltcheeseasithasintensebittertaste.Theypreferhigh-saltcheese,whichtasteslessbitter.They