醫學linux常用的學習材料第1頁/共39頁OpenYourVM(OfCause!)FirstStepis?第2頁/共39頁Then…Wait,ifwealreadyhaveaserverYoucanusedifferenttoolsPuttyVNC第3頁/共39頁PuttyNormally,wecanusethistool第4頁/共39頁VNCHowaboutwealreadyhavethedesktop,canweusethat?第5頁/共39頁Example:VNCViewerEasyway…第6頁/共39頁Example:VNCSeverConfigurationBut,beforewecanusethistool,weneedtoconfigureourserver.Installyum

install

tigervnc-serverStartandsetpassword:vncserver

:1

Configure:vim

/etc/sysconfig/vncservers

AddalineVNCSERVERS="1:root“RestarttheVNCserverservicevncserverrestartIfwewanttheSVNserverstartsautomaticallychkconfigvncserveron

第7頁/共39頁PlayWithLinux…第8頁/共39頁 cd,ls–WerealreadymentionedNavigateNormally,wehavetousecommandlineIdon’twanttore-typethesameword Trytousehistory:history!lineNumCtrl+R第9頁/共39頁Whatifmycommandtypingiswrong?CommandlineeditingInthiscase,youneedcommandlineeditingMovingCtrl-a Movecursortothebeginningoftheline.Ctrl-e Movecursortotheendoftheline.Ctrl-f Movecursorforwardonecharacter;sameastherightarrowkey.Ctrl-b Movecursorbackwardonecharacter;sameastheleftarrowkey.Alt-f Movecursorforwardoneword.Alt-b Movecursorbackwardoneword.Ctrl-l Clearthescreenandmovethecursortothetopleftcorner.Theclearcommand doesthesamething.第10頁/共39頁CommandlineeditingEditingCtrl-d DeletethecharacteratthecursorlocationCtrl-t Transpose(exchange)thecharacteratthecursorlocationwiththe oneprecedingit.Alt-t Transposethewordatthecursorlocationwiththeoneprecedingit.Alt-l Convertthecharactersfromthecursorlocationtotheendofthewordto lowercase.Alt-u Convertthecharactersfromthecursorlocationtotheendofthe

wordto uppercase.Whatifmycommandtypingiswrong(Con.)?第11頁/共39頁CommandlineeditingCutAndPasteCtrl-k

Killtextfromthecursorlocationtotheendofline.Ctrl-u

Killtextfromthecursorlocationtothebeginningoftheline.Alt-d

Killtextfromthecursorlocationtotheendofthecurrentword.Alt-Backspace

Killtextfromthecursorlocationtothebeginningoftheword.Ifthecursorisat thebeginningofaword,killthepreviousword.Ctrl-y

Pastethetextatthecursorlocation.Whatifmycommandtypingiswrong(Con.)?第12頁/共39頁Command:ls,cd…shstartStore.sh,./startStore.shExecutecommand/scriptNormally,itistheeasiestpartBut,someexceptionsarealsoexist…第13頁/共39頁ExceptionsYouMayMeetEnvvariablesissueSettherequiredenvironmentvariablesFormatissuedos2unixCommandnotfoundInstalltherequiredsoftwaresAccessrightsu,sudo,chown,chgrp,chmod第14頁/共39頁HowToInstallTheRequiredSoftwares(1)AlmostallsoftwareforaLinuxsystemcanbefoundontheInternet.Howwillthembeprovided:MostofthemarepackagefilesRestofthemaresourcecode第15頁/共39頁HowToInstallTheRequiredSoftwares(2)MostdistributionsbelongtooneoftwocampsofpackagingtechnologiesTheDebian“.deb”campDebian,Ubuntu,Xandros,LinspireTheRedHat“.rpm”campFedora,CentOS,RedHatEnterpriseLinux,OpenSUSE,Mandriva,PCLinuxOS第16頁/共39頁HowToManageTheRequiredSoftwaresOnDebianThroughrepository:apt-getinstallpackage_nameapt-getremovepackage_nameThroughpackage:dpkg--installpackage_fileapt-getremovepackage_name第17頁/共39頁HowToManageTheRequiredSoftwaresOnRedHatThroughrepository:yuminstallpackage_nameyumerasepackage_nameThroughpackage:rpm-ipackage_fileyumerasepackage_name第18頁/共39頁HowToInstallTheRequiredSoftwaresFromSourceCodeDowload:wgetftpUnpackedtarxzfdiction-1.11.tar.gzBuild./configmakeinstall第19頁/共39頁GotErrors?Checklog:VI,cat,lessPipeSearchNow,Icanexecutethescripts,butIgoterrorsafterIexecutethem第20頁/共39頁VIIntroductionStart-vifilenameQuit-:q!/wqCommandmodeVSInputmodeInitially,CommandmodeFromCommandmodetoInputmode-Type“i”FromInputmodetoCommandmode–Type“Esc”第21頁/共39頁MoveCursorInVInumberG Tolinenumber.Forexample,1Gmovestothefirstlineofthefile.G Tothelastlineofthefile.Ctrl-forPageDown Downonepage.Ctrl-borPageUp Uponepage.0(zero) Tothebeginningofthecurrentline$ Totheendofthecurrentline.…第22頁/共39頁BasicEditingInVIa EnterInputmodeandmovecursorbeyondthecurrentlocationofcursor.A EnterInputmodeandmovecursorbeyondtheendoftheline.o EnterInputmodeandopenalinebelowthecurrentline.O EnterInputmodeandpenalineabovethecurrentline.…第23頁/共39頁DeletingInVIdd Deletethecurrentline.5dd Thecurrentlineandthenext4lines.dG Fromthecurrentlinetotheendofthefile.d$ Fromthecursorpositiontotheendofthecurrentline.d0 Fromthecursorpositiontothebeginningofthecurrentline.u Undo…第24頁/共39頁Cutting,CopyingAndPastingInVId Thedcommandwillbeusedasbothdeleteandcut.p/P Tocopythetextafter/beforethecursor.yy Copythecurrentline.5yy Copythecurrentlineandthenext4lines.yS Copyfromthecurrentcursortotheendofline.y0 Copyfromthecurrentcursortothebeginoftheline.yG Copyfromthecurrentcursortotheendofthefile.J Contactthelinesbelowtothecurrentline.第25頁/共39頁FindingAndReplacingInVIf Findcharacterinoneline.Typesemicolontorepeat./ Findinthewholefile.Type“n”torepeat.:%s/Line/line/g Replace.

%isashortcutmeaningfromthefirstlinetothelastline.Alternately,therangecouldhavebeenspecified1,5.

sSpecifiestheoperation.Inthiscase,substitution(searchandreplace)

gmeans“global”,ifomitted,onlythefirstinstanceofthesearchstringoneachlineisreplaced第26頁/共39頁CommonSearchMethodslocate Itlookuppathindatabase.updatedb Toupdatethedatabaseforlocate.find Findfilesbaseondifferentconditions.第27頁/共39頁I/ORedirectTheresultofcommands:stdoutStatusanderrormessages:stderrThedefaultoutputisconnecttoscreenTheinputsarefromthestandardinput:stdinThedefaultinputisconnecttothekeyboardI/ORedirectallowsustochangethedirectionofoutputsandinputs第28頁/共39頁STDOUTRedirectOperator“>” Examplesls-l/usr/bin>ls-output.txt>test.txt Emptythefileorcreateanewfile.echo“shstartStorefront.sh”>startStore.sh3.Operator“>>”Appendcontentinsteadofemptythecontent.第29頁/共39頁STDERRRedirectAprogramcanproduceoutputonanyofseveralnumberedfilestreams.Wehavereferredtothefirstthreeofthesefilestreamsasstandardinput,outputanderror,theshellreferencestheminternallyasfiledescriptorszero,oneandtwo,respectively.Examplels-l/bin/usr2>ls-error.txt Redirectthesecondfilestreamwhichreferstothestderrortothefile.第30頁/共39頁GetTogetherls-l/bin/usr>ls-output.txt2>&1

Therearetworedirect:

Redirectoutputtols-output.txt

RedirectSTDERRtoSTDOUTNewerwayforthistask:ls-l/bin/usr&>ls-output.txt

RedirectSTDERRandSTDOUTtothels-output.txtthrough“&>”IfwecanoutputbothSTDOUTandSTDERRintothesamefile…第31頁/共39頁Exceptionls-l/bin/usr2>/dev/null

/dev/null Thisfileisasystemdevicecalledabitbucketwhichacceptsinputanddoesnothingwithit.Ifwewriteascript,andthetherearetoomanylogwhichwewanttoignore第32頁/共39頁STDINRedirectcatcatmovie.mpeg.0*>movie.mpeg Concactfilescat>lazy_dog.txt CreatenewfilethroughtheSTDIN“<”cat<lazy_dog.txt Readcontentfromfileandoutputtoscreen第33頁/共39頁PipelinesOperator“|” Thestandardoutputofonecommandcanbepipedintothestandardinputofanother.ls-l/usr/bin|lessls/bin/usr/bin