（全新版）大學(xué)英語《綜合教程》第一冊

Unit1

Growingup第1頁第1頁

I.CulturalNotes1.GradeschoolsintheU.S.:ItisnecessarytohavesomeknowledgeofgradeschoolsintheU.S.becauseSshavetorealizethat"thethirdyearinhighschool"(Para.1)equals"theeleventhgrade"(Para.9).U.S.studentsgenerallygothroughelementaryschools(kindergartento5thor6thgrade),middleschools(grades6-8)orjuniorhighschools(grades7-9),andhighschools(grades9-12or10-12).2.WhatAmericanteacherswearinschool:Nowadays,peopleintheU.S.lovetodresscasually.EvenamongthosecompanieswitharigiddresscodesomenowallowemployeesnottowearsuitsonFridays.U.S.teacherswearfairlyformalclothestoschool,butnotnecessarilysuitsandties.Bowtiesareconsideredevenmoreold-fashionedthanties.3.Spaghettiandtheproperwayofeatingit:SpaghettiistheItalian-stylethinnoodle,cookedbyboilingandservedwithsauce.Usuallyyouwouldputaforkintoaplateofspaghetti,turntheforkseveraltimessothatspaghettiwillwindaroundthefork,thenplacetheforkintoyourmouth.It'simpolitetosuck.第2頁第2頁II.LanguageStudy1.TheideaofbecomingawriterhadcometomeoffandonsincemychildhoodinBelleville,butitwasn'tuntilmythirdyearinhighschoolthatthepossibilitytookhold.:EversinceIwasachildinBelleville,Ihadthoughtofbecomingawriterfromtimetotime,butIdidn'tmakeupmyminduntilIwasinmythirdyearinhighschool.

offandon(oronandoff):fromtimetotime,nowandagain,irregularlyExamples:1)Ithasbeenrainingonandoffforaweek.That'swhytheclothesfeeldamp.2)Asherpatientsleptsoundlyduringthenight,NurseBettywasabletodozeoffandoninabedsidechair.第3頁第3頁possibility:stateofbeingpossible;(degreeof)likelihood(usu.followedbythat-clauseorof)Examples:1)IsthereanypossibilityoflifeonMars?2)Theyhaven'tarrived.Thereisapossibilitythattheyhavetakenthewrongroad.takehold:becomeestablishedExamples:1)TheideaofonechildonlyhastakenholdinmanyChinesefamilies.2)Oldhabitsdiehard.That'swhyyoushouldstopsmokingbeforethehabittakeshold.第4頁第4頁2.UntilthenI'dbeenboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses.:UptothenIhadlostinterestinthingsrelatedtoEnglishcourses.bore:make(sb.)feeltiredandloseinterestExamples:1)Thespeakerwentonandon,andtheaudiencegrewboredbyhisspeech.2)TomSawyergrewboredwithpaintingthegardenfence,sohethoughtofawaytomakeotherspaintforhim.associate(with):joinorconnecttogether;connectorbringinthemindExamples:1)WeassociateEgyptwithpyramids.2)Ican'tassociatethisgentleyoungwomanwiththeradicalpoliticalessaysshehaswritten.3)Jimwishedtoforgeteverythingassociatedwithhisformerlife.第5頁第5頁3.Ihatedtheassignmentstoturnoutlong,lifelessparagraphsthatwereagonyforteacherstoreadandformetowrite.:Ifounditpainfultowritelong,boringessaysasrequiredbyteachers;neitherdidteachersenjoywhatIwrote.turnout:1)produceExamples:1)Newcomputersaresoonoutdatedsincenewermodelsareturnedoutconstantly.2)Americanfilmstudiosturnouthundredsoffilmseveryyear.第6頁第6頁4.WhenourclasswasassignedtoMr.Fleagleforthird-yearEnglishIanticipatedanothercheerlessyearinthatmosttediousofsubjects.:WhenitwasdecidedthatMr.FleaglewouldteachusEnglishduringmythirdyearinhighschool,IexpectedtheEnglishcoursetobeasboringasbefore.anticipate:expect(usu.followedbygerundorthat-clause)Examples:1)Thepolicehadanticipatedtroublefromthesoccerfansandwereatthegroundinlargenumbers.2)TheyanticipatethatdeathsfromAIDSwillhavedoubledby.

3)Weanticipaterunningintoproblemsincarryingoutthemedicalwelfarereform.

第7頁第7頁5.tedious:boringandlastingforalongtimeExamples:1)Themoviewassotediousthatmanyviewersleftbeforeitwasover.2)LaurafoundGeorgetobetediousanddecidednottoseehimanymore.6.reputation:(an)opinion(aboutsb.orsth.)heldbyothersExamples:1)PremierZhuRongjihasahighreputationasastatesmanintheworld.2)JimKerryhasquiteareputationforbeingcomic.7.inspire:fill(sb.)withconfidence,eagerness,etc.Examples:1)MartinLutherKing,Jr.'sspeechesinspiredpeopletofightforequaltreatmentofAfricanAmericans.

2)Thelastleafonthetreethatneverfelloffinspiredthedyingpatientwiththewilltoliveon.第8頁第8頁8.rigid:

(oftendisapproving)fixedinbehavior;basedoncorrectoracceptedrulesExamples:1)Ifhehadbeenalittlelessrigidaboutthings,hisdaughterwouldnothavelefthomeatsuchayoungage.2)Therigidheadmasterwouldbuttonuphisclothesevenonthehottestdays.9.outofdate:old-fashionedExamples:1)Newwordsareconstantlyaddedtoourvocabularywhilesomeoldwordsgooutofdate.2)Althoughherclotheswereoutofdate,theoldwomanappearedcleananddignified.out-dated

adj.第9頁第9頁10.severe:1)completelyplainExamples:a)Thewidowworeasevereblackdresstoherhusband'sfuneral.b)EarnestHemingwayisknownforhisseverewritingstyle.2)stern,strictExamples:a)Onlythosewhohaveundergoneseveretrainingcanbeacceptedintotheairforce.

b)Hewassoseverewithhissonthatevenhiswifewouldcry.3)causingverygreatpain,difficulty,worry,etc.

Examples:a)TheseverechestpainexperiencedbytheVice-Presidentprovedtobeaheartattack.b)Afactorymustturnoutnewerandbetterproductstowinintheclimateofseverebusinesscompetition.第10頁第10頁11.IpreparedforanunfruitfulyearwithMr.Fleagleandforalongtimewasnotdisappointed.:

Iexpectedthatthingswouldn'timprovewithMr.FleagleasourEnglishteacher,andforalongtimeIwasrightinmyexpectations.(Notethathereisatouchofirony.)12.Lateintheyearwetackledtheinformalessay.:Lateintheyearwelearnedhowtowrite

informalessaysandpracticedwritingthem.

tackle:dealwith

Examples:1)Toshibarecentlydesignedarobotthatcantacklealmostanykindsofhouse-work.2)Theclassroomwasquietas

studentswerebusytacklingthefinalexam.第11頁第11頁13.finally:atlastExamples:1)Mr.SmithlivedinTurkey,France,andNorwaybeforefinallysettlinginMexico.2)Finally,Ishouldliketothankyouallforcomingandtowishyouapleasantjourneyhome.3)Finallyhecametorealizehismistakeandapologizedtohisparents.Afteryearsofwarthetwocountriesfinallysignedapeaceagreement.14.faceupto:bebraveenoughtoacceptordealwith(aproblemordifficulty)Examples:1)YeltsinfaceduptothefactthathewasnolongerfitfortheRussianpresidencyandresignedonNewYear'sEve.2)Nowthatyourdaughterisborn,you'llhavetofaceuptotheresponsibilitiesofbeingafather.第12頁第12頁15.scan:lookthroughquicklyExamples:1)Thebankerscannedthefinancialsectionofadozennewspapersoverbreakfast.2)Scanthetableofcontentsandtellmehowmanychaptersareonchilddevelopment.16.Thistitleproducedanextraordinarysequenceofmentalimages.:AtthesightofthetitleIsawanunusualseriesofpicturesinmymind'seye.

sequence:connectedlineofevents,ideas,etc.

Examples:1)asequenceofevents

2)TheFalloftheRomanEmpirewaswritteninhistoricalsequence.

image:apictureformedinthemind

Examples:Manypopstarstrytoimprovetheirpublicimagebyparticipatingincharityevents.第13頁第13頁17.vivid:abletoproducesharpclearpicturesinthemind;lifelike

Examples:1)vividimagination

2)

Thebirdswerepaintedinsuchavividwaythatacatjumpeduptocatchthem.18.recall:bringbacktothemind;remember(usu.followedbynoun/gerund,orthat-clause)

Examples:1)Irecognizethefacebutcan'trecallhername.

2)

Idon'trecallevermeetingher.3)Sherecalledthatshehadtoseethedoctoragainthatafternoon.第14頁第14頁19.argument:disagreement,quarrelExamples:1)Thebrideandhermothergotintoanargumentaboutwhethertowearwhiteorredonherweddingday.2)Maryfoundthatcompromisewasalwaysthebestpolicywhenshehadanargumentwithherhusband.20.putdown:writedown

Examples:1)putsth.downonapieceofpaper2)Thehousekeeperputdownthedailyexpensesinalittlenotebook.21.violate:actagainstExamples:1)Speedingindowntownareasviolatestrafficregulations.

2)Acountryisn'trespectedifitviolatesaninternationalagreement.第15頁第15頁22.compose:writeorcreate(music,poetry,etc.)Examples:1)Thepresident'sspeechisreallybrilliant.Doyouthinkitwascomposedbyhimselforbysomeoneelse?2)JohnLennoncomposedthesongBeautifulBoyforhisson.23.turnin:handin(workthatonehasdone,etc.)

Examples:1)Foryourfinalgrade,eachofyoumustturnina7paper.2)Itissaidthatifapolicemanisorderedtoturninhisgun,itismeantasapunishment.vivid:abletoproducesharpclearpicturesinthemind;lifelike

Examples:1)vividimagination/description

2)

Thebirdswerepaintedinsuchavividwaythatacatjumpeduptocatchthem.第16頁第16頁24.IwaspreparingmyselfforacommandtoreporttoMr.Fleagleimmediatelyafterschoolfordiscipline...:IexpectedthatMr.Fleaglewouldordermetoseehimsoonafterschoolforthepurposeofpunishingme...

command:1)n.orderExamples:a)Thecommandergavethecommandthatallprisonersofwarshouldbewelltreated.b)TherebelliousarmywouldnotobeyanycommandfromthePresident.2)v.giveanordertoExamples:a)Thecaptaincommandedhismentoleavetheshipimmediately.

b)Thekingcommandedthatthevictorydaybecomeanationalholiday.(Aswiththeverbs"suggest,demand",subjunctivemoodisusedinathat-clauseaftercommand.)第17頁第17頁25.what'smore:inaddition,moreimportantlyExamples:1)Howcanyoulovethisman?HewatchesTValldaylong,andwhat'smore,heseemsnottohavebrushedhisteethformonths!2)Ms.StewartmanagesasuccessfulbusinessandgivesaweeklyTVcookingshow.What'smore,shehasalreadypublishedthreebooksongardening.26.holdback:preventtheexpressionof(feelings,tears,etc.)Examples:1)Peoplecouldhardlyholdbacktheirangerwhentheyfoundthatmillionsofdollarsofpublicfundshadbeenusedtobuildluxurioushousesforcityofficials.2)Johnnycriedbitterlyintheclassroom,notevenattemptingtoholdbackthetears.

第18頁第18頁27.avoid:keeporgetawayfrom(usu.followedbynoun/gerund)Examples:1)Thelittleboywhohadbrokenaneighbor'swindowranawaytoavoidpunishment/beingpunished.2)Hestayedawayfromthecafesothathecouldavoidrunningintohisformergirlfriend.28.Intheeleventhgrade,attheeleventhhourasitwere,Ihaddiscoveredacalling.:Inmyeleventhgrade,andonemightsayatthelastpossiblemoment,IhadfoundsomethingIwishedtotakeupasacareer.

theeleventhhour:thelastmomentbeforesth.importanthappens

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