22/2221/22/Unit1ArtManyparentswonderwhytheirchildrenshouldstudyart.Tosome，artisnicebutuseless.Theyconsideritunnecessarytohumanexistence.Toothers，artisimportantandmeetssomehumanneedsthatcan’tbemetanyotherway.Sowhatisthepurposeofart?Theearliestart—cavedrawingsandthelike—certainlyhadsomeimportantpurposes.Thistypeofartwasarecordofevents，ameansofsharingstories，andawaytopassoninformation.Peoplecreatedprimitive(原始的)arttoshowtheworldaroundthem—pictureswereusuallyofanimals，birds，plants，andhumansinscenesofdailylife，especiallyhunting.Inrecentcenturies，arthasbecomemorecomplicated.Thespokenandwrittenwordshavebecomeourmajormeansofcommunication，soartcanbemorethanjustachronicle(編年史；記錄；年代記)ofhistoriceventsorawaytosharestories，althoughitstillcanbethosethingsaswell.Throughart，artistssharetheirfeelingsinawaythatbringsonsomethingfromtheviewers.Thefeelingsoneexperienceswhenviewingartmaybepleasingornot.Theartististryingtoexpresssomething；it’suptoyoutofigureoutwhatthatis.Artisaconversationbetweenyouandtheartist；theyputthemselvesintotheirwork，andyoubringyourselftoyourexplanationofit.Becauseofthefeelingsthatartcanbringon—feelingsthatusuallycannotbebroughtonbyothermeans—artisnecessarytohumanexistence.Artmeetsourneedsforself－expression，communication，andourdesireforconnectionwithotherhumansacrosscenturiesandcultures.Now，wecanconcludethatartisveryimportant.Sinceitisimportant，kidsshouldlearnit.詞海拾貝1.humanexistence人類生存2.passon傳遞；繼續；去世3.morethan不僅僅；多于，超出4.aswell也；同樣地；此外5.It’suptosb.todosth.由某人決定做某事6.figureout解決；算出；想出；理解7.bringon導致；引起；使……發展PeriodOneWarmingUp&ReadingⅠ.單詞檢測1.abstractadj.抽象的；深奧的；n.摘要2.sculpturen.雕塑3.galleryn.美術陳列室；畫廊4.faithn.信任；信心；信念faithfuladj.忠實的，忠誠的5.aimn.目標；目的；vi.&vt.瞄準；(向某方向)努力aimlessadj.沒目標的6.conventionaladj.傳統的；常規的；因循守舊的conventionn.傳統7.typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的8.evidentadj.明顯的；明白的evidencen.證據9.adoptvt.采用；采納；收養adoptionn.收養；采用10.possessvt.擁有；具有；支配possessionn.(尤作復數)所有；財產11.superbadj.卓越的；杰出的；極好的12.techniquen.技術；方法；技能13.coincidencen.巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合coincidentadj.巧合的；相符的；一致的14.shadown.陰影；影子15.ridiculousadj.荒謬的；可笑的16.controversialadj.爭論的；爭議的17.attemptn.努力；嘗試；企圖；vt.嘗試；企圖18.predictvt.預言；預告；預測predictionn.預言Ⅱ.短語默寫1.by__coincidence 巧合地2.a__great__deal 大量3.on__the__other__hand (可是)另一方面4.break__away__from 逃脫；擺脫；脫離5.leadto 導致；通向；通往6.concentrateon 集中；全神貫注于7.atthesametime 同時8.aswellas 也；與；和……一樣好閱讀清障①faith/fe?θ/n.信任；信心；信念faithfully/'fe?θf?l?/adv.忠實地※as引導原因狀語從句。②consequently/'k?ns?kw?ntl?/adv.所以；因而consequently相當于inconsequence/asaconsequence。※現在分詞短語startingfrom...在句中作定語，修飾ones。③theMiddleAges中世紀④aim/e?m/n.目標；目的；vi.&vt.瞄準；(向某方向)努力⑤representvt.展現；代表⑥conventional/k?n'ven??nl/adj.常規的；傳統的；因循守舊的⑦typical/'t?p?kl/adj.典型的；有代表性的⑧evident/'ev?d?nt/adj.明顯的；明白的⑨GiottodiBondone/'d??t??d?'b?nd?n/喬托(意大利畫家、雕刻家、建筑師)⑩realistic/rI?'l?st?k/adj.現實主義的；逼真的；現實的?renaissance/r?'ne?sns；US'ren?sɑ?ns/n.新生；復興；復活theRenaissance文藝復興(時期)※過去分詞短語heldintheMiddleAges作定語，修飾those。?adopt/?'d?pt/vt.采用；采納；收養※adopt與adapt(適應，改編)是形近詞。?humanistic/?hju?m?'n?st?k/adj.人道主義的※as在此處引導方式狀語從句，as意為“按照，像”。?possess/p?'zes/vt.擁有；具有；支配?superb/su?'p??b；sju?'p??b/adj.卓越的；杰出的；極好的?possession/p?'ze?n/n.(尤作復數)所有；財產?aswellas既……又……，也，連接兩個并列成分。當連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數由aswellas前的名詞或代詞的數來決定。?perspective/p?'spekt?v/n.透視畫法；透視圖；觀點?technique/tek'ni?k/n.技術；方法；技能?Masaccio/m?'sɑ?t????/馬薩喬(意大利畫家)eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))sb.beconvincedeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\that...that...,ofsth.某人確信……))※Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered，noonewouldhavebeen...是含有虛擬語氣的復合句，表示與過去事實相反的情況。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))coincidence/k??'?ns?d?ns/n.巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合bycoincidence巧合地※過去分詞短語usedinpaintings作定語，修飾thecolours。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))masterpiece/'mɑ?st?pi?s/n.杰作；名著※這里without引導的介詞短語表示非真實條件。forwhich...是“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))impressionism/?m'pre??n?z?m/n.印象主義；印象派※impressionist/?m'pre??n?st/adj.印象派的；n.印象派藝術家post－impressionistadj.后印象派的；n.后印象派藝術家eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))agreatdeal大量eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))mostlyadv.主要地；大部分eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))breakawayfrom脫離※動詞不定式短語toworkoutdoors作定語，修飾thefirstpainters。當中心詞被thefirst/last等修飾時，通常用動詞不定式(短語)作定語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))beeagertodosth.渴望做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))shadow/'??d??/n.陰影；影子intheshadow在陰暗處shadow指一個平面上的“影子”，shade則指一個立體空間的“陰涼之處”。※how引導的從句作show的賓語。※句子Theirpaintingswerenotasdetailedasthoseofearlierpainters.中包含notas...as句式，表示“不如……”，those指代前面提到的復數名詞paintings。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))ridiculous/r?d?kj?l?s/adj.荒謬的；可笑的eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))controversial/?k?ntr?'v???l/adj.爭論的；爭議的※what引導的從句作介詞of的賓語。whatwecall譯為“我們所說的；所謂的”。※Thisisbecause...這是因為……(because后跟原因)；Thisiswhy...這就是為什么……(why后跟結果)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))scoresof許多，大量的eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))thatis相當于thatistosay，意為“也就是說”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))attempt/?'tempt/n.努力；嘗試；企圖；vt.嘗試；企圖※現在分詞短語usingcolour，lineandshape...作方式狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))ontheotherhand(可是)另一方面※so...that“如此……以至于”，引導結果狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))predict/pr?'d?kt/vt.預言；預告；預測predictionn.預言，預報原文呈現ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTINGArtisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaith①ofapeople.StylesinWesternarthavechangedmanytimes.AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart，itwouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext.Consequently②，thistextwilldescribeonlythemostimportantones，startingfromthesixthcenturyAD.TheMiddleAges③(5thto15thcenturyAD)DuringtheMiddleAges，themainaim④ofpainterswastorepresent⑤religiousthemes.Aconventional⑥artistofthisperiodwasnotinterestedinshowingnatureandpeopleastheyreallywere.Atypical⑦pictureatthistimewasfullofreligioussymbols，whichcreatedafeelingofrespectandloveforGod.Butitwasevident⑧thatideaswerechanginginthe13thcenturywhenpainterslikeGiottodiBondone⑨begantopaintreligiousscenesinamorerealisticB10way.TheRenaissance?(15thto16thcentury)DuringtheRenaissance，newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.Peoplebegantoconcentratelessonreligiousthemesandadopt?amorehumanistic?attitudetolife.AtthesametimepaintersreturnedtoclassicalRomanandGreekideasaboutart.Theytriedtopaintpeopleandnatureastheyreallywere.Richpeoplewantedtopossess?theirownpaintings，sotheycoulddecoratetheirsuperb?palacesandgreathouses.Theypaidfamousartiststopaintpicturesofthemselves，theirhousesandpossessions?aswellas?theiractivitiesandachievements.Oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesduringthisperiodwashowtodrawthingsinperspective?.Thistechnique?wasfirstusedbyMasaccio?in1428.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaintings，theywereconvincedthateq\o(○,\s\up1(21))theywerelookingthroughaholeinawallatarealscene.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered，noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.Bycoincidenceeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))，oilpaintswerealsodevelopedatthistime，whichmadethecoloursusedinpaintingslookricheranddeeper.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique，wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpieceseq\o(○,\s\up1(23))forwhichthisperiodisfamous.Impressionismeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))(late19thtoearly20thcentury)Inthelate19thcentury，Europechangedagreatdealeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))，fromamostlyeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))agriculturalsocietytoamostlyindustrialone.Manypeoplemovedfromthecountrysidetothenewcities.Thereweremanynewinventionsandsocialchanges.Naturally，thesechangesalsoledtonewpaintingstyles.Amongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))thetraditionalstyleofpaintingweretheImpressionists，wholivedandworkedinParis.TheImpressionistswerethefirstpainterstoworkoutdoors.Theywereeagertoshoweq\o(○,\s\up1(28))howlightandshadoweq\o(○,\s\up1(29))fellonobjectsatdifferenttimesofday.However，becausenaturallightchangessoquickly，theImpressionistshadtopaintquickly.Theirpaintingswerenotasdetailedasthoseofearlierpainters.Atfirst，manypeopledislikedthisstyleofpaintingandbecameveryangryaboutit.Theysaidthatthepainterswerecarelessandtheirpaintingswereridiculouseq\o(○,\s\up1(30)).ModernArt(20thcenturytotoday)Atthetimetheywerecreated，theImpressionistpaintingswerecontroversialeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))，buttodaytheyareacceptedasthebeginningofwhatwecall“modernart”.ThisisbecausetheImpressionistsencouragedartiststolookattheirenvironmentinnewways.Therearescoresofeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))modernartstyles，butwithouttheImpressionists，manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.Ontheonehand，somemodernartisabstract；thatiseq\o(○,\s\up1(33))，thepainterdoesnotattempteq\o(○,\s\up1(34))topaintobjectsasweseethemwithoureyes，butinsteadconcentratesoncertainqualitiesoftheobject，usingcolour，lineandshapetorepresentthem.Ontheotherhandeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))，somepaintingsofmodernartaresorealisticthattheylooklikephotographs.Thesestylesaresodifferent.Whocanpredicteq\o(○,\s\up1(36))whatpaintingstylestherewillbeinthefuture？課文譯文西方繪畫藝術簡史藝術是受一個民族的生活習俗和信仰影響的。西方的藝術風格經歷了多次變革。由于西方的藝術風格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不可能進行全面的描述。因此，本文只談及從公元6世紀以來最重要的幾種藝術風格。中世紀(公元5世紀到15世紀)在中世紀，畫家的主要任務是把宗教的主題表現出來。這個時期傳統的藝術家無意于如實地展現自然和人物。這個時期的典型的繪畫充滿了宗教的特征，體現出了對上帝的敬重與愛戴之情。但是很顯然，在13世紀時，(人們的)思想正經歷著變化，像喬托這樣的畫家們開始用一種比較現實的風格來描繪宗教場景。文藝復興時期(15世紀到16世紀)在文藝復興時期，新的思想和價值觀逐漸取代了中世紀的思想和價值觀。人們開始較少關注宗教主題而采取一種更人性化的生活態度。同時畫家們回到了羅馬、希臘的古典藝術理念上。他們力爭如實地畫出人物和自然。富人們想擁有自己的藝術品以便用來裝飾他們的高級宮殿和豪宅。他們出價聘請著名藝術家來為他們自己畫像，畫他們的房屋和財物，以及他們的活動和成就。在此期間，最重要的發現之一就是如何用透視法來畫出事物。這一手法是1428年由馬薩喬首先使用的。當人們第一次看到他的畫時，他們還以為是透過墻上的小洞來觀看真實的場景，并對此深信不疑。如果沒有發現透視法，就沒有人能畫出如此逼真的畫。巧合的是，這一時期油畫顏料也得到了發展，它使得繪畫中使用的色彩看上去更豐富、更深沉。沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法，我們就不能夠看到很多使這一時期著名的杰作。印象派時期(19世紀后期到20世紀初期)19世紀后期，歐洲發生了巨大的變化，從以農業為主的社會變成了以工業為主的社會。許多人從農村遷到了新城市。有著許多新發明和社會變革。這些變革也自然而然地促成了新的繪畫風格。在那些突破傳統畫法的畫家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派畫家。印象派畫家是第一批室外寫生的畫家。他們急切地想把一天中不同時間投射到物體上的光線和陰影呈現出來。然而由于自然光的變化很快，印象派畫家們必須很快地作畫，他們的畫就不像以前那些畫家們的畫那樣細致了。起初，許多人都不喜歡這種畫法，甚至還怒不可遏。他們說這些畫家作畫時漫不經心、粗枝大葉，而他們的作品更是荒謬可笑。現代藝術(20世紀至今)在印象派作品的創建初期，它們是存在爭議的。但是如今它們已被人們接受而成為現在我們所說的“現代藝術”的始祖了。這是因為印象派鼓勵畫家用嶄新的視角看待他們的環境。現代藝術風格有好幾十種，然而如果沒有印象派，那么這許多風格也許就不會存在。一方面，有些現代藝術是抽象的，也就是說，畫家并不打算把我們眼睛看到的東西如實地畫出來，而是集中展現物體的某些品質特性，用色彩、線條和形狀把它們呈現出來。而另一方面，有些現代派的藝術作品卻是那么寫實，看上去就像是照片。這些風格如此不同。誰能預言將來會有什么樣的繪畫藝術風格呢？Ⅰ.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?How__Western__art__developed.2.HowmanystylesofWesternartarementionedinthetext？Whatarethey?Four.The__Middle__Ages，The__Renaissance，Impressionism__and__Modern__art.3.Whatinfluencesart?The__customs__and__faith__of__a__people.Ⅱ.True(T)orFalse(F).1.Westernarthaschangedverylittleoverthelast17centuries.(F)2.PaintersintheMiddleAgespaintedmainlyreligioussubjects.(T)3.TwoimportantdiscoveriesintheRenaissanceperiodwereoilpaintsanddrawinginperspective.(T)4.Impressionistspaintedtheirpicturesmainlyindoors.(F)5.Modernartbeganwiththeimpressionistpaintings.(T)Ⅲ.Choosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatclassicalRomanandGreekideaswere________.A.imaginary B.perspectiveC.impressionistic D.realistic答案D2.WhichofthefollowingarethestylesofpaintingsaboutModernArt?A.Abstractandrealistic. B.Abstractandnatural.C.Religiousandnatural. D.Peopleandobjects.答案A3.Inwhichperiodcanwefindmorepaintingsaboutpeopleandnature?A.20thcenturytotoday.B.5thto15thcenturyAD.C.15thto16thcentury.D.Late19thtoearly20thcentury.答案C4.WhatistherelationshipbetweentheImpressionistsandModernArt?A.TheImpressioniststeachthemodernartistshowtodrawthingsinperspective.B.Bylearningmodernart，theImpressionistsbegintolookattheirenvironmentinnewways.C.Withthemodernartists’help，theImpressionistsknowhowtopaintoutdoors.D.WithouttheImpressionists，maybewewouldnotseemanykindsofmodernartstyles.答案D5.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.ManypeoplelikedtheImpressionistpaintingsatfirst.B.ThefirstpainterstoworkoutdoorsweretheImpressionists.C.StylesinWesternarthavechangedlittleandareeasytodescribe.D.Oilpaintsweredevelopedinthelate19thcenturytomakethecolourslookricheranddeeper.答案BⅣ.Analysethefollowingdifficultsentencesaccordingtothetext.1.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaintings，theywereconvincedthattheywerelookingthroughaholeinawallatarealscene.句式分析：本句是一個復合句，when引導一個時間狀語從句，主句為theywereconvinced，后跟一個由that引導的賓語從句。looking后面接了兩個介詞短語throughahole和hewall作ahole的后置定語。自主翻譯：當人們第一次看到他的畫時，還以為是透過墻上的小洞來觀看真實的場景，并對此深信不疑。2.Atthetimetheywerecreated，theImpressionistpaintingswerecontroversial，buttodaytheyareacceptedasthebeginningofwhatwecall“modernart”.句式分析：本句是一個由but連接的并列句，theywerecreated是定語從句，修飾thetime；whatwecall“modernart”在句中作介詞of的賓語。自主翻譯：在印象派作品的創作初期，它們是存在爭議的，但是如今它們已被人們認為是我們所說的“現代藝術”的始祖了。3.Ontheonehand，somemodernartisabstract;thatis，thepainterdoesnotattempttopaintobjectsasweseethemwithoureyes，butinsteadconcentratesoncertainqualitiesoftheobject，usingcolour，lineandshapetorepresentthem.句式分析：thatis為插入語，其后的部分是一個由but連接的并列句：前一個分句包含一個as引導的方式狀語從句；后一個分句中的usingcolour，lineandshape為現在分詞短語作狀語。自主翻譯：一方面，有些現代藝術是抽象的，也就是說，畫家并不打算把我們眼睛看到的東西如實地畫出來，而是集中展現物體的某些特性，并用色彩、線條和形狀把它們呈現出來。1.faithn.信任；信心；信念[語境感悟](1)(教材P1)Artisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaithofapeople.藝術受一個民族的習俗和信仰的影響。(2)Wehavelostfaithinthisproject.我們已經對這個項目失去信心了。(3)Thedogremainedfaithfultoitsmaster.這條狗始終忠于它的主人。[歸納拓展](1)have/losefaithin對……有/失去信心keep/breakfaithwith對……守/不守信用inbadfaith存心不良；背信棄義ingoodfaith真誠；誠心誠意(2)faithfuladj.忠實的；忠誠的be/remainfaithfulto...忠(實)于……faithfullyadv.忠實地；準確地；如實地[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空①Mary’salwaysbeenatrustworthyandfaithful(faith)friend.Shetriestokeepfaithwitheveryone.②Havefaith__inyourself，befaithfultoyourworkandmakeeveryeffortyoucanandthenyouarenotfarawayfromsuccess.③Themoviefollowsthebookfaithfully(faith).2.aimn.目的；目標；v.瞄準，對準；力求達到；目的是，旨在[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)DuringtheMiddleAges，themainaimofpainterswastorepresentreligiousthemes.在中世紀，畫家的主要目的是表現宗教主題。(2)Teamworkisrequiredinordertoachievetheseaims.要達到這些目標需要齊心協力。(3)ORBISaimstohelptheblindbytrainingdoctorsandnurses.ORBIS旨在通過培訓醫生和護士來幫助盲人(恢復視力)。[歸納拓展](1)takeaimat瞄準……achieveone’saim達到目的withtheaimof目的是，懷著……的目的(2)aimat/for...努力取得……；瞄準……aimatdoing...＝aimtodo...力求達到……；力爭做到……beaimedat(doing＝beaimedtodo...目的是……，旨在……[圖解助記][即時跟蹤]單句語法填空/句型轉換①Ourfactorymustaimatincreasing(increase)production.②Tomisaimingat/forascholarship.③Thebookisaimed(aim)atveryyoungchildren.④Thisactivityaimsto__improve(improve)thestudents’abilityoflisteningandspeaking.⑤Shewenttothetalentshow，aimingatshowinghersingingtalent.→Shewenttothetalentshow，aimingtoshowhersingingtalent.→Shewenttothetalentshowwiththeaimofshowinghersingingtalent.3.typicaladj.典型的，有代表性的[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Atypicalpictureatthistimewasfullofreligioussymbols，whichcreatedafeelingofrespectandloveforGod.這個時期的典型的繪畫充滿了宗教象征，體現出了對上帝的敬重與愛戴。(2)Thispoemistypicalofherwork.這首詩是她的代表作。(3)Itistypicalofhimtobehelpful.樂于助人是他的特點。[歸納拓展](1)betypicalof是……特有的，是……的特點Itistypicalofsb.todosth.某人一貫愛做某事(2)typicallyadv.通常；典型地；代表性地[名師點津]句型Itistypicalofsb.todosth.可以轉換為“Typically，＋句子”的形式。It’stypicalofhertobelateforclass.→Typically，sheislateforclass.她這個人就是上課愛遲到。[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空/完成句子①Lighttypically(typical)travelsinastraightline.②ItistypicalofProfessorSmithto__teach(teach)veryfast.③杰克又遲到了，他一向讓別人等他。Jackislateagain.It__is__typical__of__him__to__keepotherswaitingforhim.④這是當地特有的飯菜。Themealis__typical__oflocalcookery.4.evidentadj.明顯的，明白的[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Butitwasevidentthatideaswerechanginginthe13thcenturywhenpainterslikeGiottodiBondonebegantopaintreligiousscenesinamorerealisticway.但是，很顯然在13世紀時，(人們的)思想正經歷著變化，像喬托這樣的畫家們開始用一種比較現實的風格來畫宗教場景。(2)ItisevidentthatChinaplaysavitalroleintheworld.很明顯中國在世界上起著至關重要的作用。(3)Thereisconvincingevidenceofalinkbetweenexposuretosunandskincancer.有可靠證據表明日光暴曬與皮膚癌之間有聯系。[歸納拓展](1)Itis/wasevidentthat...顯然……(2)evidencen.證據；根據inevidence顯而易見地；清楚地；明顯地(3)evidentlyadv.明顯地；顯然[名師點津]evidence“證據”，一般作為不可數名詞，若表達一條證據應為：apieceofevidence。[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空①Itisevidentthatheisnotequaltothejob.②Alotofevidence(evident)hasbeenfoundabouttheaccident.③Evidently(evident)，theplanisimpractical.5.adoptvt.采納，采用；收養，領養；正式通過[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Peoplebegantoconcentratelessonreligiousthemesandadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.人們開始較少關注宗教主題而采取一種更人性化的生活態度。(2)Thefamilyhaveadoptedthreechildrenastheirown.這個家庭已經收養了三個孩子。(3)Thegovernmentfinallyadoptedthelaw.政府最終通過了該項法律。[歸納拓展](1)adopt...as...收養……為了……；挑選……為……adoptone’ssuggestion/advice采納某人的建議(2)adoptedadj.收養的anadoptedson養子adoptionn.采用；采納；收養[名師點津]一“字”之差，意義大不同。adopt→eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(①采用,②收養))adapt→eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(①使適應,②改編；改寫))[即時跟蹤]用adopt或adapt的正確形式填空①WeneedsomeEnglishnovelsadaptedforChineseseniorstudents.②Realityisastyleofpaintingadoptedbyagroupofartists.③Theyarguedhimintotheadoptionoftheplan.④Shewasforcedtohaveherbabyadopted.⑤Theadoptedboysoonadaptedtohisnewfamily.6.possessvt.擁有；具有；支配[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Richpeoplewantedtopossesstheirownpaintings，sotheycoulddecoratetheirsuperbpalacesandgreathouses.富人們想擁有自己的畫作并用來裝飾自己華麗的宮殿和豪宅。(2)Theypaidfamousartiststopaintpicturesofthemselves，theirhousesandpossessionsaswellastheiractivitiesandachievements.他們出錢聘請著名藝術家來為自己畫像，畫自己的房屋、財物以及他們的一些活動和成就。(3)Whatonearthpossessedyoutocomehere?究竟是什么使你來這兒的？[歸納拓展](1)possesssb.todosth.驅使/支配某人做某事bepossessedof具有某種品質(2)possessionn.所有；財產；擁有inpossessionof具有，擁有inthepossessionofsb.＝inone’spossession被某人擁有，被某人所有takepossessionof占有，擁有[名師點津](1)possess不用于進行時。(2)possession表示“財產，所有物”時用復數形式。(3)inpossessionof表示主動，其主語通常是人，意為“占有……”；inthepossessionof表示被動，其主語通常是物，意為“被/為……占有”。[即時跟蹤]完成句子/一句多譯①湯姆現在擁有的公司曾經是他叔叔的。ThecompanyTomis__in__possession__ofwasoncein__the__possession__ofhisuncle.②發財的欲望使他這樣做。Thedesiretoberichpossessed__him__to__act__so.③他極有自信。Hewas__possessed__ofgreatself－confidence.④現在那些樓房是屬于我們大學的。Ouruniversityisnowin/taking__possession__ofthosebuildings.＝Thosebuildingsarenowin__the__possession__ofouruniversity.7.attemptn.努力；嘗試；企圖；vt.嘗試；企圖[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)Ontheonehand，somemodernartisabstract；thatis，thepainterdoesnotattempttopaintobjectsasweseethemwithoureyes...一方面，有些現代藝術是抽象的，也就是說，畫家并不打算把我們眼睛看到的東西如實地畫出來，……(2)Thegovernmentlaunchedthenew“second－child”policyinanattempttoincreaseeconomicgrowth.政府實行新的“二胎”政策，試圖促進經濟增長。(3)Theboysmadeanattempttoleaveforcampingbutwerestoppedbytheirparents.男孩子們想去野營但被他們的父母們攔住了。[歸納拓展](1)attempttodo/(at)doingsth.試圖做某事makeanattemptat(doing)sth./todosth.企圖做某事inanattempttodosth.試圖做某事；希望做某事atone’sfirstattempt某人第一次嘗試(2)attemptedadj.企圖的；未遂的[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空①Hedidn’tpasstheexam，butitwasanattempt.②Hewassentencedtotwo－year’simprisonmentforattempted(attempt)murder.③Notmanypeoplecananswerthisquestionatthefirstattempt.④Hemadeanattemptatpassing(pass)theexam，buthedidn’tsucceedintheend.8.predictvt.預言；預告；預測[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)Whocanpredictwhatpaintingstylestherewillbeinthefuture?誰能預言將來會有什么樣的繪畫藝術風格呢？(2)It’shardtopredictwhetheritwillhappen.很難預見這件事是否會發生。(3)Itispredictedthatthesituationwilllastatleastamonth.據預測這種形勢最起碼會持續一個月。[歸納拓展](1)predict＋從句預測……Itispredictedthat...據預測……(2)predictionn.預言predictableadj.可預言的；不出所料的[即時跟蹤]完成句子①很難預測它何時發生。It’shardtopredictwhen__it__will__happen.②據預測將有另一次臺風降臨。It__is__predicted__thattherewillbeanothertyphoon.1.bycoincidence巧合地[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Bycoincidence，oilpaintswerealsodevelopedatthistime，whichmadethecoloursusedinpaintingslookricheranddeeper.巧合的是，這一時期油畫顏料也得到了發展，它使得繪畫的色彩看上去更豐富、更深沉。(2)Itwasreallyacoincidencethathehadaseriousaccidentonhisbirthday.他在生日那天出了嚴重事故是一次巧合。(3)WhatacoincidencethatthefirstpersonIdancedwithismytownfellow.真是太巧了，我的第一個舞伴居然是我的同鄉。[歸納拓展]incoincidencewith與……一致Itis/wasacoincidencethat...巧合的是……Whatacoincidence！真是太巧了！[名師點津]coincidence表示“巧合”時，可用作可數名詞或不可數名詞，但指事情、口味、故事等“符合；一致”時，只用作不可數名詞。[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空/完成句子①Itwasacoincidencethatsheappearedatthatmoment.②Thisisreallyincoincidencewithwhatwehavepredicted.③Whatacoincidence！Wemeetagainintwentyminutes.④巧合的是，我們同時到了那里。By__coincidence，wearrivedthereatthesametime.⑤真是太巧了！我沒有料到能見到你。What__a__coincidence！Iwasn’texpectingtoseeyou.2.agreatdeal許多，大量[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Inthelate19thcentury，Europechangedagreatdeal，fromamostlyagriculturalsocietytoamostlyindustrialone.19世紀后期，歐洲發生了巨大的變化，從以農業為主的社會變成了以工業為主的社會。(2)Youwillhavetoworkagreatdealfaster.你得大大加快工作速度。(3)Agreatdealoftheirworkisunfinished.他們的大部分工作還沒有完成。[歸納拓展](1)agreatdeal可用作副詞短語，修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞；也可用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(2)agreat/gooddealof只能修飾不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數(3)agreatnumberof后直接跟復數可數名詞；agreatmany后直接跟復數可數名詞；當所修飾的名詞前有限定語時用agreatmanyof[即時跟蹤]選詞填空/單句語法填空agreatdeal，agreatdealof，agreatnumberof①Shehasearneda__great__deal__ofmoneyinthelastfewweeks.②Thenursesdida__great__deal__tokeepmywoundclean.③Isawa__great__number__ofpeoplebuyingandsellingatthemarket.④Hisnewnovelisa__great__dealmoreinterestingthanIexpected.⑤Agreatdealofmoneyhas__been__spent(spend)insavingthelivesofthetrappedminerssincelastweek.3.ontheotherhand另一方面[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)Ontheotherhand，somepaintingsofmodernartaresorealisticthattheylooklikephotographs.(而)另一方面，有些現代派的藝術作品卻是那么寫實，看上去就像是照片。(2)Ontheonehand，youshouldn’tbeshy；ontheotherhand，youmustn’tforgetyourmanners.一方面你不要拘束，另一方面也不要放肆無禮。(3)Foronething，itcoststoomuch，andforanother，it’sthewrongcolour.一則這東西太貴，再說顏色也不對。[歸納拓展](1)ontheotherhand常被用來比較兩個不同的事物或觀點，構成“on(the)onehand...ontheother(hand”結構，用來表示不同的尤其是對立的兩個方面 (2)foronething...foranother(thing一則……，二則……(列出一個事物的兩個方面，不含有轉折意味)(3)firstly...secondly...第一……；第二……[即時跟蹤]完成句子①一方面，電腦能幫助我們開闊視野。另一方面，如果我們花太多時間玩電腦游戲，和朋友在線聊天，它對我們的學習不利。On__(the)__one__hand，computerscanhelptoopenupoureyestotheoutsideworld.On__the__other__(hand)，ifwespendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesandchattingwithfriendsonline，itwilldoharmtoourstudy.②出現這種現象主要有兩個原因。一是油價穩步上漲；二是小汽車的數量也在上升。Therearetwomainreasonsforit.For__one__thing/First(ly)，theoilpriceisrisingsteadily；for__another__(thing)/second(ly)，thenumberofcarsisincreasingtoo.1.不定式作后置定語[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)TheImpressionistswerethefirstpainterstoworkoutdoors.印象派畫家是第一批在室外繪畫的畫家。(2)Heistheonlyonetosurvivetheaccident.他是這次事故中唯一的幸存者。(3)Icaughtthetrainwithonlyafewsecondstospare.我在距離開車只剩數秒時趕上了火車。[歸納拓展](1)動詞不定式可以用來修飾人和物，一般置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，即作后置定語(2)當被修飾成分前有序數詞或最高級及theonly，thevery時，常用不定式作定語[名師點津]tocome將來的；tospare剩余的。這兩個短語常放在時間名詞后面作后置定語。[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空①Thecaptainisthelastto__leave(leave)theship.②Wouldyoulikesomethingto__drink(drink)?③Volunteeringgivesyouachanceto__change(change)lives，includingyourown.④Therearestillmanyproblemsto__be__solved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.2.This/That/Itisbecause[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)ThisisbecausetheImpressionistsencouragedartiststolookattheirenvironmentinnewways.這是因為印象派鼓勵畫家用嶄新的方式去看待他們的環境。(2)Youhavemaderapidprogress；thisisbecausehehelpsyoualot.你進步很快，這是因為他經常幫助你。(3)Tomwasill.Thatiswhyhewasabsentfromclass.湯姆病了，那就是他缺課的原因。[歸納拓展](1)This/That/Itisbecause...意為“這/那是因為……”。because在這個句型中引導表語從句，表示原因(2)This/That/Itiswhy...意為“這/那就是……的原因”。why引導表語從句，在從句中作原因狀語[即時跟蹤]翻譯句子①我不想出去，這是因為我感冒了。I__wouldt__like__to__go__out.This__is__because__ItI’ve__got__a__cold.②她通過了考試，這就是她如此高興的原因。She__passed__the__exams.This__is__why__she__is__so__happy.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Atfirst，feveristypicalofthedisease，butittypically(typical)takesseveralweekstoappear.2.Itwasevident(evidence)thathisfaithinthegovernmentwasshaken.3.Afaithful(faith)employeewillnotliketoleavehisbossthoughthecompanyhasbeenbankrupted.4.Lastsummerholiday，Iwenttothecountrysideandworkedwithfarmers.InthiswayIlearntagreatdealfromthem.5.Itisclearthatthelocalgovernmentistryingtohelpthegraduateswithemployment.6.Theysetupaprojectaimingathelping(help)unemployedyoungpeople.7.Hemadeanattempttoescapefromtheprison，butfailedatlast.8.Sheispossessed(possess)ofawonderfullycalmtemperament(性情).Ⅱ.選詞填空agreatdeal，bycoincidence，concentrateon，ontheotherhand，aswellas，breakawayfrom1.By__coincidence，Imetthepersonwe’dbeendiscussingthenextday.2.I’dliketoeatout，buton__the__other__handIshouldbetryingtosavemoney.3.Onlywhenyouconcentrate__onyourworkwillyouberespected.4.Wearelivingclosetoeachother，soIseehima__great__deal.5.Itissometimesunacceptableforyoungpeopletobreak__away__fromtheoldcustoms.6.Learnfromsuccessas__well__asfromfailure.Ⅲ.完成句子1.環境狀況正在惡化，那是因為我們人類違反了自然規律。Theenvironmentisgettingworseandworse.That__is__becausewehumansgoagainstnature.2.很難預測未來的生活會是什么樣子。It’sdifficulttopredictwhat__life__will__be__like__in__the__future.3.如果你努力工作，你就能輕松地通過期末考試。Ifyouhadworkedhard，youwould__have__easily__passed__the__final__test.4.幫助那些有困難的人是他的特點，所以他在學生中很受歡迎。It__is__typical__of__him__to__helpthoseintrouble，soheispopularamongstudents.5.出席會議的領導來自不同的國家。Present__at__the__meeting__were__leadersfromdifferentcountries.6.屠呦呦是中國獲得諾貝爾醫學獎的第一位女性。TuYouyouisthe__first__woman__to__winaNobelPrizeforMedicineinChina.Ⅳ.課文語法填空Art1.is__influenced(influence)bythecustomsandfaithofapeople.StylesinWesternarthavechangedmanytimes.DuringtheMiddleAges，themainaimofpainterswastorepresentreligiousthemes.Aconventionalartistofthisperiodwasnotinterestedinshowingnatureandpeople2.astheyreallywere.A3.typical(type)pictureatthistimewasfullofreligioussymbols.However，duringtheRenaissance，newideasandvalues4.gradually(gradual)replacedthose5.held(hold)intheMiddleAges.Peoplebegantoconcentratelessonreligiousthemesandadopta6.more(much)humanisticattitudetolife.Oneof7.themostimportantdiscoveriesduringthisperiodwashowtodrawthingsinperspective.AsEuropechangedagreatdealfromamostlyagriculturalsocietytoamostlyindustrial8.oneinthelate19thcentury，thesechangesledtonewpaintingstyles.TheImpressionistswerethefirstpainters9.to__workoutdoors.Therearescoresofmodernartstyles，bu