課后閱讀訓練十五Unit4Period30.閱讀理解AWeliveinaculturethatsendsoutverymixedmessagesaboutmistakes:We'retoldwelearnbymakingthem,butweworkhardtoavoidthem.Sotheresultisthatmostofusknowthatwearegoingtomakemistakes,butdeepdown,wefeelweshouldn't.Experimentswithschoolchildrenwhodidwellinagiventestshowthatthosewhowerepraisedforbeingsmartandthenofferedamorechallengingorlesschallengingtaskafterwardusuallychosetheeasierone.Ontheotherhand,childrenpraisedfortryinghard—ratherthanbeingsmart—farmoreoftenselectedthemoredifficulttask.Ifwetryhardtoavoidmistakes,wearen'topentogettingtheinformationweneedinordertodobetter.Inawritingstudy,experimentsshowedthatthosewhoweresoscaredtomakemistakesperformedworseinwritingtasksthanthosewhoweren'tasworriedaboutbeingperfect.Theyfearreceivinganykindofnegativefeedback,sotheydon'tlearnwheretheywentwrongandhowtogetbetter.Wedon/tjustlearnmorewhenwe'reopentomistakes,welearndeeper.Researchtellsusthatifwe'reonlyconcernedaboutgettingtherightanswer,wedon'talwayslearntheunderlyingconceptsthathelpustrulyunderstandwhateverwe'retryingtofigureout.Mistakesneedtobeseennotasafailuretolearn,butasaguidetowhatstillneedstobelearned.AsThomasEdisonsaid,“Iamnotdiscouraged,becauseeveryabandonedwrongattemptisanotherstepforward.”Furthermore,weoftenmakemistakesbecausewetrynewthings—wewanderawayfromacceptedpaths.Teflon,penicillin—theseareexamplesofgreatdiscoveriesmadebymistake.TakeapagefromAlbertEinstein,whosaid,“Anyonewhohasnevermadeamistakehasnevertriedanythingnew."【語篇概述】本文講述了錯誤對我們成長的積極作用，并列舉了相關的實驗和例子，并建議我們應該用積極的態度對待錯誤。Whatwillhappentostudentspraisedforbeingsmartinfaceofchoosingtaskscomparedtostudentspraisedforworkinghard?Theywillasktheirteachersforadvice.Theywillhidetheirmistakesfromtheirteachers.Theywillworkhardertoavoidmistakes.Theywillchoosealesschallengingtask.【解析】選Do細節理解題。從文中第二段第一句可知〃對在測試中取得較好成績的學生做實驗，給他們一個較難的任務和一個較簡單的任務，被表揚聰明的同學更傾向于選擇簡單的任務〃。WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacceptableaccordingtothepassage?Themoremistakeswemake,themorewelearn.Mistakescanbeusedasapositivefactorforsuccess.Beingopentomistakeshelpsyouunderstandthetruth.Astepforwardmaycomefrommistakesyou'vemade.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。A選項過于絕對，文中說錯誤可以幫我們找到自身的不足，然后加以提高，這樣才會學到東西，而不是犯越多的錯，學得越多。Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?Onemustfollowacorrectpathtoavoidmistakes.TobecomeanEinstein,youshouldmakemistakes.Makingmistakesisnotadisadvantageinaway.Youcan'tmakemistakesunlessyoutrynewthings.【解析】選Co主旨大意題。從最后一段可知，我們犯錯誤是因為我們努力嘗試新的東西，所以從某種意義上說，犯錯誤是有積極作用的。What'sthemainideaofthepassage?Wecanneveravoidmakingmistakeswhenwework.Successcan'tbeachievedwithoutmakingmistakes.Tryeverymeanstoavoidmistakesinourdailylife.Mistakesshouldbetreatedwithacorrectattitude.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。從文章大意可知，本文講述了錯誤對于我們成長的積極作用，以及我們應該用積極的態度對待錯誤。BTopreventthedesertscomingnear,Chinahasplantedbillionsoftrees—toreplacedestroyedforestsandasbarriersagainstthesand.Thisisn'tacure,though,sayexperts,asthirstytreescanmaketheproblemworsebytakingingroundwater.""Plantingtreesisoneway,butitisn'tthatsimple.Itdoesn'tsolvethebasicissueofwaterresources,''saysWuBo,aprofessor.Z/Weneedtocalculatehowmuchwaterthetreeswillabsorb,orelseitcouldhaveanegativeeffect."VillagersinZhengxinhavetakenonthischallenge,withlimitedsuccess.Whentheirrigationchannelsbegantorundry,LuXianglinswitchedfromwheattocottononhisland.Healsoplantedtreestoprotecthisfieldsfromsandstorms.Hesayshestillgetsgoodyields（產量）usingfloodirrigationandearnsagoodincomeforhisfamily.Otherfarmershaven'tstuckitout（堅持至ij底）：aboutoneinthreehaveleftZhengxininthepast10yearsaftertheirwheatcropsdied.Youngpeoplewhocanfindjobsinthetownsrarelyreturn.Lastweek,MrLujoinedtheothermeninhisvillageonagovernment-arrangedtriptoseethelandthathasbeensetasidefortheirrelocation,nearly40milestothesouth.Thenextday,hewasback,shakinghisheadattheplan.Theideaofuprootinghisfamilytroubleshim,asdoestheideaofgivingupthelandthatfedhisforefathers.Hepreferstostayandkeepupthefight.“Withenoughwater,thisproblemcanbesolved,"Lusays.〃Wecanplanttreesandgrass,andtheywillgrowbigger.Thatwillstopthedesert."Expertssaythatfarmerscouldswitchtodripirrigation（滴灌）tolessentheirwaterintakeforgrowingcrops.Elsewhereintheregion,farmershavebuiltbrickgreenhousesaspartofaplantogrowvegetablesusinglesswater.Roadsidesignsurgefarmersto"SaveWater,ProtecttheEnvironment".【語篇概述】本文是議論文。文章討論了植樹并不是阻止沙漠化的最好辦法。專家的建議是采用滴灌技術，節約用水。Thenegativeeffectofplantingtreesindesertsisthat.itcanmakegroundwaterbecomelessitcanpreventthesandmovingfreelyitcanstopcropsgrowingwellitcangetthesoiltobecomepoor【解析】選Ao細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句可知〃在沙漠中種樹會吸收沙漠中的地下水，從而使地下水減少”。再結合第二段最后一句可知，在沙漠中種樹會有負面影響。Whydidn'tMrLuaccepttheideaofrelocation?Becausetheplanofrelocationwillcosthimmuchmoney.Becausehisfamilyhadtroublemovingaway.Becausehewasreluctanttogiveuphisland.Becausehewouldratherstaythanfightagainstthedeserts.【解析】選C。細節理解題。根據第五段最后兩句可知選C。他不愿放棄養育了他的祖先的土地。Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Thedesertsdrivemoreandmorepeopletoleavetheirhomesfortheirlives.Peoplehavenomeanstofightagainstthelandbecomingdesert.Wateristhebiggestbarrierforpeopletostopthedesert.Plantingtreescannotsolvetheproblemofdesertificationoffarmland.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段Lu的話可知，水是人們阻止沙漠化的最大障礙。Whatadviceisgivenbyexpertstosavewater?Toplantmoretrees.Tobuildgreenhouses.Tochangecrops.Tousedripirrigation.【解析】選D。細節理解題。根據最后一段的第一句可知，專家們建議人們用滴灌技術來節約水。C（?全國卷口）Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsarcdown,whilebeaversandredfbxcshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.【語篇概述】本文是一篇敘事文，介紹了由于灰狼在美國黃石公園和美洲大陸數量的減少，給當地環境帶來的一系列的影響，以及人們針對此問題所做出的努力。Whatisthetextmainlyabout?WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.Theconflictbetweenfannersandgraywolves.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章的主要內容是關于由于灰狼在美國黃石公園和美洲大陸數量的減少，給當地環境帶來的一系列的影響，人們為此想通過種種努力增加灰狼的數量以改善環境，故答案為D。Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced“inParagraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.【解析】選C。猜測詞義題。前句說明在黃石公園和美洲大部分地區曾有許多的灰狼，連詞but轉折了句子意義，由此可推斷出此句意為人類的發展逐漸地使灰狼“被迫離開”，故選擇C項。A項意為“測試”；B項意為“分離，隔開“；C項意為“強迫離開”；D項意為“跟蹤，追蹤”。Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?Damagetolocalecology.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.Preservationofvegetation.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。由第三段內容可知，狼的消失帶來很多意想不到的后果：鹿和麋鹿數量急劇增長，它們消耗大量的植被，這使黃石公園地區的植物多樣性減少；灰狼消失使數量急劇增長的郊狼殺死公園地區大量的赤狐，并且驅走這里的海貍。所有這一切都對當地的生態造成極大的危害，故答案為A。12.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.【解析】選Bo觀點態度題。由末段的尾句TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.可知，作者認為人們做出的努力對幫助生物學家是否決定將灰狼重新引進到美國其他地區是一個“有價值的、重要的實驗(avaluableexperiment),,,故可推斷出作者對此持肯定的、積極的態度。A項意為“懷疑的B項意為“肯定的，積極的C項意為“反對的,不贊成的”;D項意為“漠不關心的因語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。MyolderbrotherandIarebusy1.(arrange)atriptoAfrica.WewillleaveLondononJuly15,andwe'llflytoMorocco.Itisonthecamel2.wearegoingtotravelthroughtheSaharaDesert.Afterthetripbycamel,we'regoingtotraveldowntheRiverNile.We'llstartatLakeVictoria.AlittlewaydowntheriverfromLakeVictoria,thewater3.(actual)getsquiterough.So,wellgowhite-waterrafting,4.isquitedangerous,butveryexciting!Afterwhite-waterrafting,we'regoingonatrip5.(see)wildanimalsinKenya.Sincewellbewalkingforalmosttwoweeks,I'llneedtobuyalarge,strong,lightbackpack6.advancetocarrymysuppliesoffoodandwater.Itissodangerousthatourguideswillhaveguns7.(scare)theanimalsawayiftheycometoonear.Ireallywanttosee8.elephantupclose.Afterthat,we'llmoveontoTanzania,9.we'regoingtoclimbMountKilimanjaro.Itisaboutfourweeks10.theAfricanpartofourtripwilltake.Wewillsurelyhaveahappytime..【解析】arrangingo句型bebusydoingsth.“忙于做某事〃。.【解析】that。考查強調句Itis...that...的結構。句意：我們是將騎著駱駝穿越撒哈拉沙漠。.【解析】actuallyo考查副詞。此處用副詞修飾動詞。.【解析】which。考查定語從句。此句為非限制性定語從句，只能用which引導。.【解析】tosee。考查非謂語動詞。由句式結構可知，動詞不定式作目的狀語，表示旅行的目的。.【解析】in。考查介詞。inadvance固定搭配，意為“提前.【解析】toscare。考查非謂語動詞。todo不定式表目的。.【解析】an。考查冠詞。elephant是以元音音素開頭的單詞，所以用an0.【解析】where0考查定語從句。此處先行詞為Tanzania,表示地點，在句中作狀語，所以用where。.【解析】that。考查強調句Itis...that...的結構。句意：我們大約有四周的時間要花費在非洲的旅行上。閱讀理解Sure,it'sgoodtogetalongwithyourteacherbecauseitmakesthetimeyouspendintheclassroommorepleasant.Andyes,it'sgoodtogetalongwithyourteacherbecause,ingeneral,it'ssmarttolearnhowtounderstandthedifferenttypesofpeopleyou'llmeetthroughoutyourlife.“Butreally,there'sonesuper-importantreasonwhyyoushouldgetalongwithyourteacher.Whenyoudo,learningburstsri^htopen,“saysEvelynVuko,alongtimeteacherwhowritesaneducationcolumncalled^TeacherSays“fortheWashingtonPostnewspaper.Infact,kidswhogetalongwiththeirteachersnotonlylearnmore,butthey'remorecomfortableaskingquestionsandgettingextrahelp.Thismakesiteasiertounderstandnewmaterialanddoyourbestontests.Whenyouhavethiskindofrelationshipwithateacher,heorshecanbesomeonetoturntowithproblems,suchasproblemswithlearningorschoollife,suchasbullying（欺負）.Asakidinaprimaryormiddleschool,you'reatawonderfulstageinyourlife.You'relikeasponge（海綿），abletoabsorblotsofnewandexcitinginformation.Ontopofthat,you/reabletothinkaboutallthisinformationinnewways.Yourteacherknowsthat,andinmostcases,isveryexcitedtobethepersonwho'sgivingyouallthatmaterialandhelpingyoumakeit.Remember,teachersarepeople,too,andtheyfeelgreatifyou'reopentowhatthey'reteachingyou.That'swhytheywantedtobeteachersinthefirstplace-toteach!Somekidsmaybeabletolearninanysituation,whethertheyliketheteacherornot.Butmostkidsaresensitivetothewaytheygetalongwiththeteacher,andifthingsaren/tgoingwell,theywon'tlearnaswellandwon'tenjoybeinginclass.【語篇概述】本文是說明文。文章主要說明了學生與老師處好關系的重要性。Inthepassage,theauthormainlytalksabout.howtogetalongwellwithotherstheimportanceofagoodre