名校版高考英語(yǔ)綜合訓(xùn)練題含答案TotheSweden,therearefewsmellsmoreattractivethansurstromming（臭鰥魚）.Tomostnon-Swedenthereareprobablyfewsmellsmorerepulsive-thefishhasbeendescribedvariouslyassmellinglikesourcatlitter,orevendroppings-like.Indeterminingwhichsmellspeoplefindpleasantornot,surstrommingsuggestsculturemustplayasizeablepart.Newresearch,however,suggeststhatmightnotbethecase.ArtinArshamian,aneuroscientistattheKarolinskaInstituteinSweden,andAsifaMajid,apsychologistattheUniversityofOxford,beganwiththeexpectationthatculturewouldplayanimportantroleindeterminingpleasantsmells.Thiswasnotjustbecauseofexampleslikethatofsurstromming.Theyknewfrompastexperimentsbyotherresearchersthatculturewasimportantindeterminingwhichsortsoffacespeoplefoundbeautiful.Tostudyhowsmellandculturerelate,theresearcherspresentedtensmells.Thesesmellsvariedfromherbtoisovalericacid,thechemicalresponsibleforsmellysocks.Morein-betweensmells,whichtheteamthoughtmightsplitopinions,includedoctanoicacid;andoctenol,anearthysmellfoundinmanymushrooms.Theculturesdoingthesmellingvariedwidelytoo,includinghunters,farmersandcityfolk.All235participantswereaskedtoranksmellsaccordingtopleasantness.Theresearchersfoundthatpleasantnessrankingswereremarkableconsistentregardlessofwherepeoplecamefrom.Isovalericacidwashatedbythevastmajority,onlyeightgivingitascoreofIto3(Iwasverypleasantand10wasveryunpleasant).Ontheotherhand,morethan190peoplegaveherbascoreofIto3.Overall,thechemicalcompositionofthesmellsexplained41%ofthereactionsthatparticipantshad.Incontrast,culturalupbringingaccountedforjust6%Evenso,whileculturedidn'tshapeperceptions(感知)ofsmellsinthewaythatitshapesperceptionsoffaces,theresearchersdidfindan“eyeofthebeholder〃effect.Randomness,whichtheresearcherssuggesthastocomefrompersonalpreferencelearnedfromoutsideindividualculture,accountedfor54%ofthedifferenceinwhichsmellspeopleliked.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"repulsive“meaninthefirstparagraph?Enjoyable.AwfulSpecial.Unusual.Whichsmellrankedfirstintermsofpleasantness?Octenol.Herb.Octanoicacid.Isovalericacid.Whatplaysamajorroleintheappreciationofsmells?Personaltaste.Culturalbackground.Lifeexperience.Chemicalcomposition.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?YouAreWhatYouSmelCulturedetermineSmellsOneman'smeatisanotherman'spoisonSmellsAretheSameasBeauty32.B33.B34.A35.CAlmosteverydaywecomeacrosssituationsinwhichwehavetomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Choice,wearegiventobelieve,isaright.Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworld,inrichandpoorcountrieszchoiceisaluxury,somethingwonderfulbuthardtoget,notaright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,afalseideacreatedbycompaniesandadvertisers,hopingtoselltheirproducts.Theendlesschoicesgivebirthtoanxietyinpeople7slives.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway,orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywanted.RecentstudiesinEnglandhaveshownthatmanyelectricalgoodsboughtinalmosteveryfamilyarenotreallyneeded.Moredifficultdecisionmakingistheneitheravoidedortrustedintothehandsoftheprofessionalszlifestyleinstructors,oradvisors.Itisnotjusttheavailabilityofthegoodsthatistheproblem,butthespeedwithwhichnewtypesofproductscomeonthemarket.Advancesindesignandproductionhelpquickentheprocess.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Thetypicalexampleiscomputers,whicharealmostoutofdateoncetheyarebought.Thisindeedmakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuyonething;nochoiceznoanxiety..WhatdoestheauthortrytoargueinParagraph1?A.Thepracticeofchoiceisdifficult.B.Therightofchoiceisgivenbutataprice.C.Choiceandrightexistatthesametime.D.Theexerciseofrightsisaluxury..Whydomorechoicesofgoodsgiverisetoanxiety?A.Peoplearelikelytofindthemselvesovercomebybusinesspersuasion.B.Shoppersmayfindthemselveslostinthebroadrangeofitems.C.Companiesandadvertisersareoftenmisleadingabouttherangeofchoice.D.Professionalsfindithardtodecideonasuitableproduct..Byusingcomputersasanexample,theauthorwantstoprovethat.A.productsofthelatestdesignfloodthemarketB.competitionsarefierceinhightechindustryC.everydaygoodsneedtobereplacedoftenD.advancedproductsmeet