一、until的用法until與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用肯定形式，表示“直到……為止”，指主句的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到until后的動(dòng)作發(fā)生為止;與短暫性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，動(dòng)詞須用否定形式，意為“直到……才……”，指主句的動(dòng)作一直到until后的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)才發(fā)生。1.作介詞，表示“直到……為止”。Iwaiteduntil3：00，buthedidn'tcome.我一直等到3點(diǎn)，但他沒(méi)來(lái)。—Jackdidn'tgotobed___12o'clocklastnight.—That'swhyhewaslateforschoolthismorning.A.untilB.forC.toD.at【解析】A。句意：——杰克昨晚直到十二點(diǎn)才睡。——這就是他今早遲到的原因。not...until為固定搭配，意為“直到……才”。2.作連詞，表示“直到……為止;在……以前;不到……（不）”。①用于肯定句中。PleasewaithereuntilIcome.請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里等到我來(lái)。②用于否定句中。Thenoiseofthestreetdidn'tstopuntilmidnight.街上的喧鬧聲一直到半夜才停止。Shedidn'tleavetheschool___sheworkedoutthisproblem.A.aslongasB.untilC.sinceD.while【解析】B。句意“直到解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題她才離開學(xué)校”。aslongas只要（引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句）;until直到（引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）;since自從（引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）;while當(dāng)……時(shí)候（引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）。根據(jù)句意，故選B。Wedidn'tcutthecake___Amymadeawish.A.becauseB.untilC.if【解析】B。because因?yàn)椋瑄ntil直到，if如果。根據(jù)句意“直到艾米許了個(gè)愿，我們才切蛋糕”可知，其它選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)意不通。Helenwasveryrudetome.Irefusetospeaktoheragain___shesayssorry.A.until

B.ifC.because

D.since【解析】A。句意：海倫對(duì)我粗魯，我拒絕跟她再次說(shuō)話，直到她向我道歉為止。until意為“直到……才”，符合句意。if意為“如果”;because意為“因?yàn)椤?since意為“自從：既然”。故選A。二、sothat的用法1.sothat意為“目的是/為的是/以便”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中通常含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，may，might等。Hegotupveryearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.他起床很早，為的是能趕上早班公共汽車。Weshouldtakecareoftheearth___wecanmakeabetterworldtolivein.A.sothat

B.until

C.evenif

D.while【解析】A。句意：我們應(yīng)該關(guān)愛(ài)地球，為了我們能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更美好的世界。sothat為了;until直到;evenif即使;while當(dāng)……時(shí)候;根據(jù)Weshouldtakecareoftheearth和wecanmakeabetterworldtolivein之間的關(guān)系是表示目的，故選A。2.sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可用“soasto/inorderto+動(dòng)詞原形”轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句。Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.為了趕早班公交車他起床很早。=Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchtheearlybus.3.sothat還可以與inorderthat互換。Heworkeddayandnightsothat/inorderthathecouldsucceed.他夜以繼日地工作為的是成功。【拓展】so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.這個(gè)男孩太小還不能去上學(xué)。三、although的用法although意為“盡管，雖然”，相當(dāng)于though，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句中用了although或though，就不可再用but。若要強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩部分的對(duì)比意義，可在主句前加yet或still。Although/Thoughhehasalotofmoney，yet/stillheisunhappy.他雖然有很多錢，但并不幸福。1.although較正式，引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句的前后均可。Henryoftenhelpsmewithmymathalthoughheisquitebusy.盡管亨利很忙，但是他經(jīng)常幫助我學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。2.although不能與but連用，但可與yet，still連用。雖然他老了，但是他工作努力。Althoughhewasold，butheworkedhard.（×）Althoughhewasold，heworkedhard.（√）Althoughhewasold，yetheworkedhard.（√）Arecentsurveyshowsthat44percentofAmericanswanttouseself-drivingcars，___34percentbelievethattheywillmaketheroadsmoredangerous.A.althoughB.becauseC.if【解析】A。句意：最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，44%的美國(guó)人希望使用自動(dòng)駕駛的汽車，盡管34%的人認(rèn)為這會(huì)使道路變得更危險(xiǎn)。although雖然，because因?yàn)椋琲f如果。根據(jù)前后句意可知，這里表示讓步，即“雖然，盡管”，故選A。跟蹤訓(xùn)練一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Wewillkeeptrying___ourdreamscometrue.A.asB.whenC.whileD.until2.Ireallyenjoyedyourspeech，___thereweresomepartsIdidn'tquiteunderstand.A.because

B.unlessC.although

D.after3.Theteacheraskedmetoreadaloud___allthestudentscouldhearme.A.sothat

B.forC.because

D.inorderto4.Ericarrivedontime，___itwastherushhour.A.though

B.becauseC.while

D.unless5.___wedidn'twinthebasketballgame，weweresatisfiedwithourhardwork.A.If

B.ThoughC.Since

D.Because二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成下列句子，每空詞數(shù)不限。1.盡管它嘗起來(lái)很美味，你也不應(yīng)該吃得太多。_______delicious，youshouldnoteattoomuch.2.為了讓我有更多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，我父母不讓我看電視。Myparentsdon'tletmewatchTV_______Icanhavemoretimetostudy.3.我昨晚在網(wǎng)上看完電影《小時(shí)代Ⅱ》才睡覺(jué)。I___gotobed___IfinishedwatchingthemovieTinyTimesIIontheInternetlastnight.4.雖然史密斯從未去過(guò)我們的國(guó)家，但他對(duì)中國(guó)很了解。Mr.SmithknowsalotaboutChina___hehasneverbeentoourcountry.5.我反復(fù)瀏覽我的考試卷，