ReadingComprehension英語高考大綱中關于閱讀理解的要求要求考生能讀懂簡易的英語文學作品，科普文章，公告，說明，廣告以及書、報、雜志中的簡短文段并能從中獲取相關信息。考生應能：（1）理解主旨大意（mainidea)（2）理解文中具體細節(specificdetails)（3）根據上下文推斷生詞的詞義(wordmeanings)（4）做出判斷和推理(judgementandinference)（5）理解文章的基本結構(passagestructure)（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點和態度(attitudes/opinions)一：主旨歸納題Usualtypes:mainidea;topic/besttitle;purpose這種試題要求能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。questionforms：大意類：Themainideaofthepassageis...Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?標題類：What'sthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe...作者意圖類：What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage？Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageis…1.段落中出現表轉折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)時,其后的句子很可能是主題句。2.首段出現疑問句時,對該問題的回答很可能就是主題句。3.作者有意識地反復強調的觀點,通常是主旨;反復出現的詞語,一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。4.表示總結或結論的話常有therefore，thus，inshort,conclude，conclusion等。找主題句的四個小竅門：Pleasekeepinmind,Practicemakesperfect!

Haveatry!Guessthemainideaofeachpassagequickly!

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?(1minute)

Pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofthepassage.開門見山,提出主題,隨之用細節來解釋,支撐或發展主題句所表達的主題思想.最常見的演繹法寫作方式.Passage1Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent(無辜的，無罪的，無辜者).Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.(1minute)Pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofthepassage.在表述細節后,歸納要點,印象,結論建議或結果,以概括主題.這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式文章或段落的主題句常常會出現在一些標志性的提示后。如：so,

onthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore,thus…..Passage2Passage3Successisoftenmeasuredbytheabilitytoovercomeadversity(困境，逆境）.But,itisoftenthebeliefofothersthatgivesusthecouragetotry.J.K.Rowling,authoroftheHarryPotterbookseries,beganwritingatage6.Inherbiography,…..becamethefirstpersontoencourageherandhelpbuildtheconfidencethatonedayshewouldbeaverygoodwriter.…Nowwithsevenbooksthathavesoldnearly400millioncopiesin64languages,J.K.Rowlingisthehighestearningnovelistinhistory.Anditallbeganwithhercommitmenttowritingthatwasfosteredbytheconfidenceofafriend!(2minutes)

Thetextmainlytellsus

.A.hardshipmakesagoodnovelistB.thecouragetotryisaspecialabilityC.youcanhaveawonderfulideaeverywhereD.encouragementcontributestoone'ssuccessdetailPassage4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalback-ground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.(2minutes)Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.TomhadstudiedatParisandmovedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyerafterhisgraduationfromCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetailTypesof

Paragraph

StructuresTypesTheposition(位置）ofthetopicsentenceAtthebeginningAttheendofthepassageInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceWhatshouldwepayattentionto?Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一燕不成夏（不要以偏概全）2.Transitionalwordsandexpressions:

過渡詞

but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary…Howtotellthewrongchoices?2.放大或縮小文章的主題，把文章的主題進行放大或縮小3、偷換概念，把文章主題換成相關但不同的主題。1.以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出現過的某一觀點當成整篇文章的主題Howdoweguessthemeaningsofnewwords?二：猜測生詞的詞義如何根據上下文判斷詞語的涵義這種題型常見的設題方式有：

1）Theunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans____．2）Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____．3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．4）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？要求考生根據語境猜測生詞、短語或句子的意思,或者推斷熟詞生義。題干中常含有mean,isclosestinmeaningto,referto,bereplacedby等。這類題在廣東高考最近六年來,每年考查一個小題。猜測詞語意思例1.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.2.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.

牧羊人thatisRule1:touse_______________________

根據文中的定義、解釋猜生詞

definition/explanation

Signalwords:is,iscalled,bedefinedas(被定義為……),like,thesameas,referto,such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,includeGuessthemeaning易碎的，脆性的Rule2:touse______________________例1.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimental

toyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.2.MostwomeninGhana---theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold---worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.

harmfulalsoharmful文盲的，不識字的1.并列關系Signalwords:and,or,also,thatistosay（換句話說，也就是說）inotherwords（換句話說）…andguessthemeaninglogicalrelationships邏輯關系例3.Therearechargesforprescriptionanddentalcarebutmanypeople,suchaschildren,pregnantwomen,pensioners,andthoseonIncomeSupport,are

exempt

frompayment.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exempt”probablymean?

A.sufferingB.differentC.preventedD.freebutcharges

2.

根據轉折或對比關系進行判斷Rule2:touse______________________4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.

Signalwords:but,however,yet,or,otherwise,while,though,ononehand…ontheotherhand,ratherthan,insteadofpunctual準時的logicalrelationships收費，要價Rule2:touse______________________logicalrelationships例5.He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade（買賣，貿易，交易）.6.Theteacherdidnotheartheknockatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinhisreading.

smart/sharp精明的，敏銳的suchthatSignalwords:absorbed專心致志的，全神貫注的3.根據因果關系進行判斷because,since,as,for,so,therefore（因此）,so…that…,such…that…,thus

Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedword.becauseRule3:touse___________⑴Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonsaredescendants

ofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestor(祖先）wasRobert.A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors2)Europeancountries,forthepresent,aredeeplymiredineconomictroubles.Itisreportedthattheireconomicfuturelooksuncertainanddark.A.trappedB.absorbedC.engagedD.interestedcontext根據上下文語境做出判斷Rule4:touse____________________

(1)Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.Impossibletotravelonorthrough不能通行的(2)Hefellintoaditch(溝，渠）andlaythere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.partiallyconsciouswordformation根據構詞法（合成、派生、轉化）進行判斷semi(前綴）半，部分conscious有知覺的，有意識的，神志清醒的Rule5:tousecommonsenseandexperience

根據常識、經驗猜生詞

1)Thesoundofwatergentlylapping

againstthesideoftheboatduringthesilentnightwasverypleasant.tapping拍打

2)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout打掃或清除干凈吸入，理解，領會徹底消滅，全部摧毀分發，發出，放出（熱，光等）像亞馬遜這樣的熱帶雨林對于吸收大氣中的二氧化碳，幫助減緩全球變暖有著重要作用。

SummaryRule1:根據文中的定義、解釋猜生詞

Rule2:根據邏輯關系（并列，對比，轉折，因果）Rule3:根據上下文語境做出判斷Rule4:根據構詞法（合成、派生、轉化）進行判斷Rule5:根據常識、經驗猜生詞

根據近年來高考閱讀理解對同學們提出新的要求，建議同學們在以下幾個方面加強自我訓練！1．猜測熟詞新含義例1:Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhite-collaremployees，whocanaffordthenewservice.

例2:“That’simpossible,”saidhe,whorunsanItalianrestaurant.猜測熟詞含義除了要求同學們有較強的語境分析能力外，還要求同學們有較寬的知識面，對常見有新含義的熟詞要弄清其用法，并將這些詞進行簡要歸納整理。

2．猜測詞性變換新詞含義Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago，howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?

利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義，關鍵應在理解原詞的基礎上，分析它的新詞性，并結合原詞含義發揮合理想象，從而概括抽象出它的新詞義。猜詞能力白領雇員經營想象1.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry——chickens,ducksandgeese,bothfortheireggsandtheirmeat.家禽practicemakesperfect2.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.supercilious高傲的,傲慢的modest（謙虛的，謙遜的）3Timdranktoomuchwaterlastnight,sohewenttovisitjohntwice.

廁所4.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.

disagree5.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.

渾濁的，污濁不清的6.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.徒勞的，無效的7.Shewanted