partⅢ:discourseanalyzeandsummaryRatsandMenpart1part2part3Para1~2Para3~8Para9~10AdescriptionofprofessorMaier’sexperimentsandhowratsdropintofixatedreaction.Theformationoffixatedreactiononhumenandfourexamplesabouthowitinfluencehumensociety.Thedifferencebetweenthe“insoluble”problemsaratandamanmeetandtheirabilitytosolveit.

Part1

Para1~2Theratsaredesignedtoadapttoanenvironmentandtheywillformafixedreaction,butinanewenvironmentwhichchangesrapidlythiskindoffixedreactionwillkillthem.stage1Theratsarefirsttrainedtojumpofftheedgeofaplatformatoneoftwodoors.Theratsarefirsttrainedtojumpofftheedgeofaplatformatoneoftwodoors.Theratsarewelltrainedtothereaction.Ifitjumptotheleft,thedooropenandtheratfindadishoffoodTheenvironmentChanged.stage2Theratsprefertostarveratherthanmakeachoice.stage3Ratsareforcedtomakeachoicebyblastsofairoranelectricshock.Ratscontinuetojumptotheleft.Fixationappearsstage4ExperimenterpersistsinforcingtherattomakeachoiceRatsmaygointoconvulsions,nervousbreakdownPart2Para3~8positive

feedbackPart2Tocurehusband’sfaultsWifenagshimHisfaultsgetworsePart2Thepainfulcouple

racial

discriminationunfairtreatment

racial

separationPart2

AdividedcityAstudentwritepoorlyAteacherusesInappropriatemethodsResistanttoschoolingPart2

ResistanttoschoolingPart2

AnarmsracePart2Part2Part3Para9~10Para9Dr.Maier’srats’problemsarecausedbyexperimentswhilehumanbreakdownareordinarilycausedbyproblemstheycreatedthemselves.Para10Therearenolimitstothehumancapacitytoabstractandorganizeandmakeuseofabstractions.Thedifferencebetweenratsandhumen

WhyratscannotbeblamedfornotbeingabletosolveproblemssetforthembyDr.Maierwhilehumencould?Therearelimitstoarat'spowersofabstraction.Buttherearenoknownlimitstothehumancapacitytoabstractandorganizeandmakeuseofabstractions.TextSummary

AstudymadebyDr.Maierfoundthatinfixatedreactionthereisasimilaritybetweenmenandrats.Thiskindofsimi