4閱讀理解議論文一典【例題Whiletheartscan’tthevirusorthesocialunrestweinworldtoday,theygiveusinsightintothechoiceswemakewhenmovingthroughcrisesandchaos.Theartsinviteeveryonethinknewways.Weoftenexperienceofartassomethingthat'spleasingtosenseswithoutafullunderstandingofthecreativeeffort.Greatartoftenshowsuscontradictionsandcrises,andwecanlearngreattheir解).Throughourunderstandingofart,cangainadeeperunderstandingofmightovercomeourownchallenges.Inunderstandingextremesofcontrast,weseethebeautyinwiththataresimplypleasingfortheirmagnificentfeaturesorqualities.Beethovenofferswonderfulexampleofmovingartfullythroughcrisesandchaos.HecomposedSymphonyNo.9ashishearinglossbecamemoreandmorepronounced.Theopeningofthesymphonytocomeofnowhere,nearsilenceinopeningtoaexpressionmanyconsidertheofanduniversalbrotherhoodwithSchiller’sOdeto歡頌.appearscreatedworkofartthatnotfreedhimhispersonalstruggles,butonethatalsospeakstojoyoflivingtogetherinpeaceharmony.Haveadialoguethetwoopposingpartsandyouwillfindthattheyalwaysoutfightingotheruntilwecometoappreciationofdifference—aonenessoftheopposingartsoffermanylessonsthatcanusgaintheknowledgeweneedtomoveconfidentlyintoday’scompetitiveanduncertainenvironment.Anopennesstoarts-basedsolutionswillgiveyoumorecontrolyourfuture.1．Whatvaluearthavebeyondpleasingpeople'ssenses?A．bringspeopleinnerpeace.BItcontributesproblem-solving.CItreducesthepossibilityofcrises.D．deepensunderstandingofmusic.2．WhatwelearnaboutBeethoven'sSymphonyNo.9?A．celebratesandunity.BItaimstoshowcrisesandchaos.CItopenswithSchiller'sOdetoJoy.D．isunfinishedtohishearingloss.3．Whattheauthor'ssuggestiondealingconflictingforces?A．astheyare.

BMakingachoicebetweenthem.CSeparatingfromeachother.D．theminconversation.4．Whichofthefollowingbethetitlefortext?A．COVID-19changesartB．ofNo.9CMovingartfullythroughcrisesD．intheeyesofBeethoven【案1.B2.A3.D4.C【析本文是一篇論文章要紹在情下的世界背景中我們供了應對危機和沖突的創造性思路。1．細節理解題。根據文章第二第二句Greatartoftenshowsuscontradictionsandcrises,andwecanlearngreatdealfrom偉的藝術作品向我們展示沖突與危機，我們能從它們解決中獲得啟示可知，理解藝術有助于現實中問題解決。故選B。2．細節理解題。根據文章第三第三句Theopeningthesymphonyseemstocomeofnowhere,fromnearsilenceinopeningtoaexpressionofwhatmanyconsidertotheofanduniversalbrotherhoodwithSchiller’sOdeto這響曲的開頭似乎毫無來由，從幾寂靜的開頭，許多人認為是對自由的喜悅和全世界兄弟般情誼頌充表達可知多的第交響曲歌頌的主題是自由與團結A。3．推理判斷題。根據文章第四第一句dialoguethetwoopposingpartsyouwillfindtheyalwaysstartoutfightingeachothercometoanappreciationofdifference—aonenessoftwoopposingforces.(如讓對立的這兩個部分進行對話會現們是一始互爭們對它們之間的差異有了一個正確的認識——兩個對立的力量是一體的。推斷，作者對于處理沖突各方的建議是讓各方進行對話、交流。故選。4．主旨大意題。根據第一段Whileartscan'stoptheCOVID-19virusthesocialunrestseeinworldtoday,cangiveusinsightintochoiceswemakewhenmovingthroughcriseschaos.artsinviteeveryonethinknew（雖然藝術無法止COVID-19病我們天在世界上看到的社會動蕩，但它們可以讓我們了解我們在應對危和混亂時所做的選擇。藝術邀請每個人以新的方式思考內可知章主要介紹的是理解藝術于應對現實危機與沖突的啟示“Movingartfullythrough藝通過危機)作為文章題最為合適。故選C二模練（一）

I’verecentlymyselfwonderingifIcoulddowithoutGoogleMaps.is,Ithink,theonmyphoneI’dreallyItoswapsmartphonefora“dumbthathandlesonlycallsandmessages.WhyamIthinkingaboutthis?It’sbecauseeverytimeItryreadbook,Ienduppickingupmyphoneinstead.IinterruptingmyownofthoughtinordertosomethingIdonconsciouslywanttodo.Thisisnotaccidental.Developersbecomeevenmoreunashamedtheirattemptstokeepushookedonoursmartphones.Someofthemspeakinthelanguageofaddictionandbehaviouralpsychology,thoughprefertheterm“persuasivetech”.Initself,persuasivetechnotanewideaannamedBJFogghasbeenrunningclassesfrom“persuasivetechlab”Stanfordsincethelate1990s.Butassmartphoneownershiphasrocketedandsocial-mediasiteshavebeenborn,persuasivetechvastlyitsreach.Onecompany,DopamineLabs—namedforthechemicalreleasedintherewardcenterofthebrain—offersaservicetotechbusinesseswantingto“keepusersengagedFounderBrowntellshewantspeopletounderstandthat“theirthoughtsandfeelingsareonthetableasthatcancontrolledanddesigned”.Hethereshouldbeconversationaroundthepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesbeingused.“Webelieveeveryonehasrighttocognitiveandbuildkindofmindtheywanttoin,hesays.Theposterchildofresistancemovementagainstaddictiveformer“designethicistTristanHarris.Hethinksthepowertothesystemliesnotdevelopersbutthehardwareproviders.InHarrisfounded“TimeWellSpent”,agroupthatcampaignsformoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopers.Anytechbusinessthatreliesonadvertisingprofitsismotivatedholditsusersonlineforaslongaspossible,Harrissays.appsarespecificallydesignedtokeepusinthem.Apple,ontheotherhand,tosellphonesbutdoesn’tastreamsotightlyconnectedtheamountoftimeitscustomersspendonline.HarrishopesthatcompanieslikeApplecouldusetheirinfluenceencouragemoremorallydesignedapps.WhileIwaitforAppletosortthisfindmyselflongingforsomethingcalleda“Light”,acredit-card-sizedhandsetthatdoesabsolutelynothingbutmakeandreceivecalls.Pricetag?$150.expensive.Butthecompanywebsiteverypersuasive.5Accordingtoauthor,sogluedto？A．People'sinbornbehaviours.C．apps

B．AppdevelopersintentionDHardwareproviders6．WhatdoesDopamineLabs'sfounderbelieve?A．TechbusinessesgonetooincontrollingusersmindsB．technologiesaredangeroususerscognitiveliberty.C．persuasivepowerofthetechnologiesdeservesattentionD．canlivethelifetheybyusingpersuasivetechnologies.

7．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedwordsposterchild”inparagraphA．TheadvertiserC．opponent

B．advocateDThefounder8．Whatasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Dowehavearighttocognitiveliberty?B．WhathavepersuasivedonetoC．adumbphoneisasmartmove?D．smartphonesshapeour【案5B．C78【析這是一篇議論文。作者要講述為什么要把智能手機換成傻瓜手機。5．細節理解題。根據第三段第句“notaccidental.Developershavebecomeevenmoreunashamedintheirattemptsushookedonoursmartphones.這切不是然的。為了讓我們一刻都離不開我們的智能手機，開發人員的手段越越肆無忌憚了發人員想盡一切辦法讓我們離不開手，所以我們對手機上癮是開發人員有意為的。故選。6理干DopamineLabs'sfounder定到四據第四段倒數第二“Hethinksthereshouldbeconversationaroundpersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesbeingused.”他認為，應該對說服技術的使用進行更廣泛的討論C選達了他的看法。故7．詞句猜測題。根據本句后半分isformerGoogle“designethicistTristan（前谷歌設理學家”特斯?哈斯，語應該指人，再結橫線后theresistancemovementagainstaddictive（抵制易上癮應用運動）以及Hethepowertothesystemliesnotwithappdeveloperswiththehardwareproviders.2014,Harrisfounded“TimeWellSpent”,agroupthatformoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopers.他認為，改變目這一體系的力量不掌握在應用開發人員手上，而掌握在硬件提商手中。早在2014年創建了一個名光不虛”組織開公在用發程堅設倫哈里斯是抵制易上癮應用運動的表人物，所以Theposterchild應指該運動的支持者，代表人物；A.Theadvertiser問；advocate支C.opponent反對者D.founder創始人。故選。8．主旨大意題。通讀全文，第段作者提出is,Ithink,theonlyappmyphonereallymissweretoswapsmartphonefora“dumbthathandlesonlycallsand（果我要將現在的智能手機換成只能打電話、發短信“瓜”，它(谷歌地圖能是我唯一真正想念的一個應用了段’sbecauseeveryItoreadabook,Ienduppickingupmyphoneinstead.Ikeepinterruptingmyowntrainofthoughtordertosomethingthatdonconsciouslywanttodo.因為每當我想讀會兒書時，我最拿起的卻是手機。為了做一些我不愿做的事，我不地打斷自己的思路說己想傻瓜”機的理由；第三、四、五段引用科學研究理論來說明手正試圖改變你大腦中的化學成份更多時間做你不想做事情

技術界試圖幫助我們重新獲得自力等理論依據知文要為什么要把智能手機換成瓜手機選C（二）Wehavetomakecertainourlimitedmoneywellspent.Butwhatshouldwespendourmoneyon?A20-yearstudyconductedbyGilovich,aprofessoratCormellUniversity,reachedpowerfulandstraightforwardconclusion:don'tspendyourmoneyonthings.Thetroublethingsisthathappinesstheyprovidepetersout.Wegetnewpossessions,andwhatonceseemedexcitingquicklytheWeraisingbaralwayslookforanevenbetterone.Possessions,bytheirnature,causecomparisons.Wenewcararethrilledwithituntilafriendbuysabetterone—andthere'salwayssomeoneabetterone.Mostofususuallyassumethehappinessgetfrombuyingsomethingwilllastaslongasthethingitself.Itintuitive(直)thatinvestinginsomethingwesee,hear,andtouchonapermanentbasisdeliversthebestvalue.Butit'sthecaseatall.Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.Experiencesapartouridentity.Everyone'sexperienceunique.Wearenotpossessions,butwearetheaccumulationofeverythingwe'veseen,thethingswe'vedone,andtheplaceswe'vebeento.“Ourexperiencesareabiggerpartofourselvesthanmaterialgoods,”saidGilovich.“YoucanreallylikematerialYoucaneventhinkthatpartofyouridentityconnectedthosethings,buttheyremainseparateyou.Incontrast,experiencesreallyarepartyou.Wearethesumtotalofexperiences.”Besides,wecompareexperiencesthesamewaythatwecomparethings.It'shardquantifytherelativevalueofexperiences,whichmakesthemthatmuchmoreenjoyable.expectationofanexperiencecausesexcitementenjoyment,whileexpectationofobtainingapossessioncausesimpatience.Experiencesareenjoyablefromtheveryofplanning,thewaythroughtoyoukeepforever.Thetemporaryhappinessachievedbybuyingthingscanberegardedas“puddles(坑)ofpleasure.”Inotherwords,thatkindofhappinessevaporates(蒸發)quicklyleavesuswantingmore.Thingslastlongerthanexperiences,butthatremainarewhatmattermost.9．Theunderlinedphrase“peters”canbereplacedby_________________.A．diesawayBistoo．notrealDcoststoomuch10．WhatdoesGilovichthinkofexperiences?A．Experiencesdeliverless-lastinghappinessthanthings.B．Experiencescanexistinourforever.C．experiencestakeallpartsofourselves.D．Ourexperiencesarewhatseparatefromothers.

Whatcanbeinferredfrompassage?A．ExperiencescomparedwithotherB．experienceincreasesourfeelingofanxietyC．PeoplearemorelikelyimpatientwhenbuyingthingsD．Spiritualwealthisthevaluableforus12．Whichthemainideaofpassage?A．canwehappinesswithmoney?B．canwemakehappinesslastlong?C．shouldwespendexperiencesinsteadofD．doexperiencesachievepermanenthappinessthanthings?【案9A10．DD12．【析本文是一篇議論文，作論證說明了一個道為什么要把錢花在經歷上，而不是事物。詞句猜測題。根據劃線短語所句后一句提到getusedtopossessions,andwhatonceseemedexcitingquicklythe們慣新有東，經人奮西很快就變成了常態可推斷出新擁有的東西的快樂是短暫的會消對的同義詞“dieaway，故選A。10.理解題二段提“Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.Experiencesbecomeapartofidentity.Everyone'sexperienceunique.奇發現，體驗比質更能帶來持久的幸福。經歷成為我們身份一部分。每個人的經歷都是獨一無二的維）認為經歷是個人身份的象征，個人的歷形成與他人的區別，故D理判斷題。根據第二段首句“Thetroublewiththingsisthatthehappinesstheyprovidepetersout.”（問題是，事物所帶來的快樂會漸消失段句“Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.（維奇發現，體驗比物質更能帶來持久的幸福最段最一句提到“Thingsmaylastlongerthanexperiences,butthatremainarematter”（物能比經歷更持久，但留下的記憶才是最重要，在作者的觀點看來，事物可能留存的時間比經歷久，但是并不能帶來長久的幸福，而經歷下的精神財富才是最重要的，故。12.大意題。通讀全文內容知，本文主要講述了事物能夠帶來的幸福是短暫，經歷留下來精神財富才是最重要的；再根據第一段句，引出文章主tomakecertainourlimitedmoneywellspent.whatshouldwespendour須確保有限的錢花得值。但是我們應把錢花在什么地方呢以本文主要想表達的主題“為什么要把錢花在經歷，而不是事物，故選C（三）knowledgethattheinLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackat

observers,followingthemeyesmattertheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.Anewstudythattheinthepaintingactuallylookingoutanglethat’s4degreesofftotheobserver'sright-welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheysomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidstudyauthor,“Shenotlookingyou.”Thissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofagaze(凝)photographorpaintingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe"MonaLisaeffect".Thateffectabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,peopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeelarelookedat.Aslongastheangletheperson'sgazenomorethan5degreesofftoeitherside,effectoccurs.Horstmannandhisco-authorstudyingthiseffectforapplicationinthecreationofartificial-intelligenceavatars虛像whentooklonglookatthe“MonaLisa”realizedshewasn'tlookingathim.Tomakesureitwasn'tjusttheresearchersasked24peopleofthe“MonaLisa"onscreen.Theysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhichnumberontherulerintersected’sgaze.calculateangleofMonagazeshelookedattheviewer,theymovedrulerfartherfromorclosertoscreenduringthestudy.Consistently,theresearchersfound,participantsjudgedthatthewomanin”portraitwaslookingstraightatthem,slightlyofftotheirSodopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemfollowtheviewer?Horstmannisnsure.It’spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplethedesirelookedat,sotheythinkthelookingstraightthem.Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffect”thoughtitacool13．Whatgenerallybelievedaboutthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa”?A．Sheattractstheviewerstoback.BSheseemsmysteriousbecauseofeyes.CShefixeshereyesonofviewers.D．Shelookstheviewerswherevertheystand.14．Whatgazerangeinapaintingwillcausetheeffect?A．

B

C

D．15．wastheexperimentinvolving24peopleconducted?A．confirmHorstmann'sB．createartificial-intelligenceavatars.C．calculateangleofMonaLisa’sgaze.D．explainhoweffectbeapplied.16．Whatwelearnfromthetext?A．thinks’scoolcointheterm"MonaLisaeffect”B．MonaLisaeffectcontributestocreationofartificialintelligence.CFeelingbeinggazedatbyMonamaycausedbythedesireforattentionD．Thepositionoftherulertheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers'judgment【案13.D14.B15.A16.C【析這是一篇議文章過析芬的畫麗莎給人的誤解進釋了人們注視對方時的角度影響著被注視人的感覺。13解題章第一commonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'spaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingwitheyesnomattertheystandintheroom.”（們通常認為，達芬奇名畫蒙娜麗似乎在回視著觀察者，無論他們站在屋里的什么地方娜麗莎給人的感覺是，人們在注視她的同，她也在看著人們。故。14．細節理解題。根據文“Aslongastheangleoftheperson’sgazeismorethanaboutdegreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.個凝視的視角在任何兩邊不超過5度么蒙娜麗莎的效應就會生，左右5的范圍是娜麗莎效應發生的視角條件B圖句意。故選B15．推理判斷題。根據文章第三sureitwasn'tjusthim,theresearchersaskedpeopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”onscreen.了確不只是他有這樣的感覺，他邀請了24個看電腦屏幕上的蒙娜麗莎圖像用個做實驗，只是為了驗證自己的想法。故選。16．推理判斷題。根據文章最后段“Itpossible,hesaid,peoplethedesirelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanlookingstraightthem.（，很可能是人們有被視的渴望，所以他們認為這個女人在看著他們，大多數人覺蒙娜麗莎看著自己，其實都是自己的錯覺。故C（四）Gettingstuckgiftswenotwantisnosmallproblem.InasurveyacrosscountriesEurope,meanwhile,

1in7saidtheywereunhappywithwhattheyreceivedforChristmas,yetmorehalfsimplykepttheWhycanmoregiftsbepassedalongtopeoplewhoappreciatethem?PeopleinapublishedtheJournalofConsumerBehaviour,forinstance,usedsuchasguilty,lazy,thoughtlessanddisrespectfulindescribingtheirfeelingsaboutregifting.Popularculturecastsitastaboo禁),aswell.However,ourresearchwithFrancisJ.Flynn,aprofessororganizationalbehavioratStanfordUniversity’sGraduateofBusiness,suggeststheshameassociatedwithregiftinglargelyunwarranted.Indeed,ourresearchconsistentlytellsusthatpeopleoverestimatenegativeconsequences.Weaskedpeopleimaginethemselvesas“giver,”whogivessomeoneacardlaterlearneditregifted.Thegeneralattitudeoftheoriginalgivers“Ityourgift,youwantwithit.”Next,askedgiverstoregiftingsupposedwristwatchwiththrowingittheFortheoriginalgivers,regiftingthewatchwasamuchoffensiveactthantrashingit.Finally,weinvitedtolabatStanfordpeoplerecentlyreceivedpresents,anddividedthepeopleintotwogroups.wegavethefirstgroupanopportunitytoregiftthatpresent,didso.Whenwegavethesecondgroupthesameopportunity,weaddeditwas“NationalRegiftingDay”.wasn'treallyNationalRegiftingDay,thegroupdidnknowthat:ofthemagreedtoregift.Everyonehasreceivedunwantedgiftsintheirlives,andgenerallywillreceivetheresearchofferssimplesolutiontothatproblem.holidayseason,considerregifting,andencouragereceiversofgiftstodothesameifwhatthemisn'tquitetheyfor.17．doestheauthormentionthestudyJournalofConsumerBehaviour?A．highlighttheimportanceofregifting.B．showpeople’sattitudesregifting.C．challengetherightnessofregifting.D．expresshisconcernforregifting.18．Whattheoftheunderlinedword“unwarranted”?A．Unnecessary.C．Unimportant.19．Whatweknowabouttheresearch?A．simplykeptunwantedgifts.B30%knowNationalRegiftingDay.C．Giversgenerallydidn’tmindregifting.D．Receiverstendedtotrashunwantedgifts.20．Whatweconcludefromthe

B．DUnconscious.

A．Regiftingisoffensive.C．Regiftingispopular.

B．isforbidden.DRegiftingisacceptable.【案17．B18．1920D【析本文是一篇議論文。文主要講述了人們對轉送禮物的看法和態度以及對此進行的調查究。17．推理判斷題。根據第二段的PeopleinastudypublishedintheJournalofConsumerBehaviour,forinstance,usedsuchwordsasguilty,thoughtlessdisrespectfulindescribingtheirfeelingsabout可，《費者行為雜志》上發表的一項研中，人們用罪惡，懶惰，輕率和無禮的詞語來形容他們對轉送物的感覺。從而推斷出，作者在《消費者行雜志》中提到該研究是想表明人們對轉送禮物的態度。故B18．詞義猜測題。根據第二段的Popularcultureittaboo禁),aswell.可，多人為得的禮物轉送出是一個禁忌就應該送出去第段使however詞進行了轉折而沒那么多人覺得這是禁忌，表示這種情是被高估了的。再根據第三段Indeed,ourresearchconsistentlytellsusthatpeopleoverestimatenegativeconsequences.知，研究表明人們高估了與轉送禮物相關的恥的負面后果。可以猜測出上一句意思是與禮物相關的恥辱在很大程度上是沒有必要的為估了它以可以猜出unwarranted的“要”選。19．細節理解題。根據第四段的Thegeneralattitudeoforiginalwas:“Ityourgift,whatyouwantwith“可原送禮者的總體態度是“這是您的禮物，隨您便吧由此可知，一般來說，送禮者都不介意把禮物給別人。故選C20．推理判斷題。根據最后一段holidayseason,considerregifting,andencouragereceiversofyourgiftstodothesameifwhatthemisn'tquitethey鼓勵收到你的物的人可以將不喜歡的禮物轉送給別人。由此可知，這是在鼓人們轉送禮物，即轉送禮物是可以接受的。故D（五）Iaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.haveforlongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,readingupthreebooksaasaStorieswereliketoandwhilekidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughtheIcheckedfromtheMyfirstjobwasattheUkiahLibraryIyearswasjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtochildrenforstorytime.Asgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenbookswereourmainsource(來)entertainment.Itwasabigforusloaduptothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadortheytoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIactingthestorieswithmyvoicetheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetowithmychildrenanditwithwondermentofbooks.Now,seemychildrentakingchildrenthelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtolibrary

livesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereadersgototheirlocallibrarywhenthey’ttopurchaseaboo