SectionⅣGrammar&Writing情態動詞的用法閱讀下列句子，體會黑體部分的用法1．Insomecountries，forexample，youhavetoarriveontimeataparty；inothercountries，youdon'tneedto.2．Somehostsexpectflowersorasmallgift，butinotherplaces，youcantakethings，butyouneedn'tifyoudon'twantto.3．—Didtheimmigrationpeopleasktoseeyourvisa?—didn'tneedtogetavisa.4．MyAmericanfriendTomspokegoodChinese，soIdidn'tneedtotranslatethespeechforhim.5．Iwasthefirsttogoneedn'thavegonetheresoearly.6．Iofferedtohelphimwiththehouseworkandthenhetoldmehehadneedn'thavedonethat.一、need的基本用法1．用作實義動詞，后可接名詞、代詞、不定式和動名詞，有時態、人稱和數的變化。MarkneedstolearnChinesesincehiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.馬克需要學習漢語，因為他的公司要在北京開一個分公司。Thedoctorsaidheneededanoperation.醫生說他需要手術。[名師點津]當主語是表示“物”的名詞時，則作實義動詞的need后接動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，這時，needdoing＝needtobedone。Adogneedstakingout/tobetakenoutforawalkeveryday.狗得每天帶出去遛。2．用作情態動詞，后接動詞原形，常用于否定句和疑問句中。Youneedn'tfinishthatworktoday.你今天不必把那項工作做完。Needhecomehere?他有必要來嗎？3．由need引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答常用must或haveto；否定答語常用needn't。—NeedIanswerthequestion?——我需要回答那個問題嗎？—Yes，youmust./Yes，youhaveto./No，youneedn't.——是的，你必須回答。/是的，你得回答。/不，不必了。二、didn'tneedtodo和needn'thavedonedidn'tneedtodo表示過去沒必要做某事，實際上也沒做。needn'thavedone表示過去沒必要做某事，而實際上做了，常譯成“本沒有必要做……”。Mary'sboyfrienddrovetopickherup，soshedidn'tneedtotakeataxi.瑪麗的男朋友開車去接她，因此她沒必要打出租車了。(不需要打出租車，事實上也沒打出租車)ItwasSunday，soIdidn'tneedtogetupearly.因為是星期天，所以我沒必要早起。(不需要早起，事實上也沒早起)Weneedn'thavetakenataxitogettothewasonlyfiveminutes'walk.我們本沒有必要乘出租車到博物館的，走五分鐘就到了。(本沒有必要乘出租車，但乘坐了)Themanagerneedn'thavecleanedtheroombecauseitwasjustcleanedbyhisassistant.經理本沒有必要打掃房間，因為他的助手剛剛打掃過了。(本沒有必要打掃，但打掃了)[名師點津](1)在didn'tneedtodo中，need是實義動詞；在needn'thavedone中，need是情態動詞。(2)need作實義動詞時，常接名詞、代詞和動詞不定式作賓語。當need的主語和need后面的動詞是被動關系時，need后面接tobedone/doing。(3)need作情態動詞時，用于否定句和疑問句，后面接動詞原形。(4)回答NeedI．..？肯定回答用：Yes，youmust；否定回答用：No，youneedn't/don'tneedto/don'thaveto。三、情態動詞＋havedone的幾種形式及其意義\a\vs4\al(表示對過,去的猜測)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(musthavedone肯定做過,may/mighthavedone,或許做過,can't/couldn'thavedone,不可能做過))\a\vs4\al(表示抱怨、,埋怨、后悔)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(couldhavedone本來能做但沒有做,mighthavedone本來可以做但沒有做,shouldhavedone本來應該做但沒有做))Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundisstillwet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因為地面還是濕的。(對過去的肯定推測)Ican'tfindmypursemighthaveleftitinthetaxi.我的錢包現在找不到了。我可能把它忘在出租車里了。(對過去的推測，也許/或許做了某事)Youcouldn'thaveknownabouthimtenyearsago，whenhewasstillunknown.十年前你不可能了解他，那時他還不出名。(對過去的推測，不可能做過某事)Youcouldhaveusedmycardidn'tuseit.你昨天本可以用我的汽車。那時我用不著它。(過去本來能做某事，但沒有做)Oh，Mom！Youneedn'thavepreparedsomuchandDianawillnotcomebackforsupper.哦，媽媽！你本不必做這么多飯。爸爸和黛安娜不回來吃晚飯了。(過去不必做，但實際上做了)Ⅰ.單句語法填空【導學號：38300005】1．Itisobviousthatthegardenneeds(water)．2．Wedon'tneed(get)intoanargumentoverthis.3．Youneedn't(tell)himthehadalreadyknownit.4．Theboycan't(finish)readingthebooksosoonbecauseitisdifficultevenforanadult.5．Youmight(refuse)heratthebeginning，butnowitistoolate.【答案】tobewateredget3．havetoldfinishedrefusedⅡ.單句改錯1．Weneedbuyticketsinadvance.2．Thefloorneedscleanrightnow.3．Youneedn'tworkedthatlatelastnight，whichwasharmfultoyourhealth.4．Itmustn'thaverainedlastnight，forthegroundisdrynow.5．Youneedn'ttogotothebankthismorning.【答案】后加to→cleaning3．needn't后加have't→can't/couldn't5．去掉第一個to如何寫提供建議的電子郵件1．概念：提供建議的電子郵件和書信一樣，有稱謂、正文和結尾署名。發件人在郵件中要向收件人提出建議和忠告。2．分類：(1)寫給個人，就其遇到的某個問題提出自己的建議和看法。(2)寫給某個組織機構，就改進其服務提出建議和忠告。3．內容安排：(1)寫出發郵件的原因和背景。(2)建議的內容及提出建議的理由。(3)對收件人的祝福和祝愿。4．語言特征：(1)建議要寫得簡明扼要、目的明確、具有合理性和說服力。(2)提出的理由要入情入理，語氣一定要委婉，禮貌當先。5．注意事項：語言簡明扼要的同時要委婉有禮貌。[亮點句式]一、建議信開頭常用句式1．Iwassopleasedtohearfromyou，andIamwritingtogiveyousometipsonjobinterview.2．NicetoreceiveyourletteraskingmeforadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.二、表達建議1．InreplytoyourletterabouttheCollegeEntranceExaminationthisyear，letmetellyouthat...2．Inmyopinion，itwouldbebetter...3．Itshouldbeagoodideato...4．Youwillbenefitfrom...5．AsfarasIamconcerned，you'dbetter...6．I'dliketosuggestyouthat...7．What'smore，itwillbehelpfultoyouthat...8．IfIwereyou，Iwould...9．You'dbettertakesomemeasurestodo...10．It'ssuggestedthat...11．WhatIwanttostressisthat...12．Finally，don'tforgettodo...三、建議信結尾常用句式1．Waitingforyourgoodnews.等待你的好消息。2．Goodluckwithyourinterview.祝你面試好運。3．I'mexpectingtohearfromyouassoonaspossible.我期待著你盡早回信。【寫作任務】假如你是Mary，你的朋友Simon給你發來郵件向你征求學習英語的方法。請你就下面的內容給他回復，并談談自己的想法或建議。1．朗讀背誦，幫你記憶，養成用英語思維的習慣。2．多聽，多交際，可以提高聽說能力。3．……(自己的想法或建議)注意：1．信的開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數；2．詞數100左右。[審題謀篇]體裁電子郵件話題提出建議時態一般現在時人稱第一和第三人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1．learnheart/keepmind 記住2．develop/formahabitof 養成……習慣3．communicatewithsb. 與某人交流4．keepadiary 寫日記Ⅱ.句式1．首先你要時常朗讀英語，盡量記住一些重點知識。(一句多譯)①Firstofall，youshouldoftenreadEnglishaloudandtrytolearnsomethingimportantbyheart.②Tobeginwith，youshouldmakeitaruletoreadEnglishaloudoftenandtryyourbesttokeepsomethingimportantinmind.2．用這種方法你就能改進你的聽說能力。(一句多譯)①Inthisway，youwillimprovebothyourlisteningabilityandyourspokenEnglishaswell.②OnlyinthiswaywillyougetimprovednotonlyinyourlisteningabilitybutalsoyourspokenEnglish.3．另外，你應該多聽，多與其他人用英語交流。Besides，youshouldlistenalotandcommunicatewithothersinEnglish.4．另外，你應該每天用英語寫日記，這樣你的寫作會變得越來越好。(一句多譯)①What'smore，youshouldkeepadiaryinEnglisheverydayandyourwrittenEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.②What'smore，youshouldkeepadiaryinEnglisheveryday，bydoingwhichyourwrittenEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.[妙筆成篇]【參考范文】DearSimon，IhavereceivedyourletteraskingmeforadviceaboutlearningI'dliketotellyouhowyoushouldlearnEnglish.Firstofall，youshouldoftenreadEnglishaloudandtrytolearnsomethingimportantbyheart，whichhelpsyoutorememberthemeasilyandformagoodhabitofthinkingin，youshouldlistenalotandcommunicatewithothersinthisway，youwillimprovebothyourlisteningabilityandyourspokenEnglishas'smore，youshouldkeepadiaryinEnglisheverydayandyourwrittenEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.IhopewhatI'vesaidisusefulto'mlookingforwardtoyourgoodnews.Bestwishes.Mary學業分層測評(三)Ⅰ.完成句子1．Itturnedouttobeasmallhouse(沒必要盛裝打扮)．2．I(不需要打出租車)；it'swithinwalkingwewalkedthere.3．Withthepopularityofprivatecars，roadconditions(需要改善)．4．I(沒必要早起床)thismorning，soIstayedinbeduntil9a．m.5．You(需要等著我)attheschoolgate.【答案】'thavedressedup'tneedtotakeataxiimproving/needtobeimproved'tneedtogetupearlytowaitformeⅡ.閱讀理解A(2023·全國甲卷)AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism—iftheyhadbeenmadelastfact，theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海灘),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegianbuiltthree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall，tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarctica'sWeddellthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled(雪橇)acrossthejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthadScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstoryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercial'slastjourney，completedashelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld'simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrew,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic，washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。1914年到1916年間，一群海員和科學家踏上了南極探險之路。結果他們在回來的路上發生海難，其中一個攝影師在臨死之前拍攝了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破損的木船的冰塊箱里。通過這些照片我們可以了解到那次不太成功的探險經歷。1．WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?A．Theyweremadelastweek.B．Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C．Theywerefoundbyacameraman.D．Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.【解析】細節理解題。由題干中的thephotostakenbyHurley定位到文章第二段開頭。該段說這些照片即使是上個星期拍的也堪稱佳作，故A項錯誤；該段中還說照片是在一次海難之后拍的，故D項正確；文章沒有說拍攝的是海底景觀，故B項錯誤；拍攝者是攝影師，但沒有說是一名攝影師發現了這些照片，故C項錯誤。【答案】D2．WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A．FrankHurley.B．ErnestShackleton.C．RobertFalconScott.D．CarolineAlexander.【解析】推理判斷題。由題干中的“第一個到達南極”這條信息定位到第三段。被發現的照片所展示的這次旅行是為了獲得比RobertFalconScott船長先前的探險更大的收獲，該船長在1912年就到達了南極。由此推斷RobertFalconScott是最先到達南極的人，故選C項。【答案】C3．WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A．Artisticcreation.B．Scientificresearch.C．Moneymaking.D．Treasurehunting.【解析】細節理解題。題干的Alexander在最后一段出現，the1914voyage指本文談到的Endurance這艘船的探險，該段開頭說，這個作家在她的小說TheEndurance中說，在那時，探險就已經是純商業活動(athoroughlycommercialeffort)了，因此1914年航行的目的是賺錢(moneymaking)，故選C項。A項“藝術創作”，B項“科學調研”，D項“尋寶”，均未體現。【答案】CBHeadingofftocollegethisyear？Herearesomefashiontipsfromourexpertsyoushouldkeepinmind：Dresstoimpress:StylistandbusinessconsultantDanielaSmithsays，“Girlsshouldkeepinmindthatyourcollegeprofessorswilloftenbethebridgethatconnectsyoutoyourfuturecareerandyourclassmateswillbecomeyourprofessionaldon'tneedtodresslikeyou'regoingtotheoffice，butyoushoulddisplayanabilitytoproperlypresentyourselfwithappropriatematurityandconfidence，andlookput-together.”Logomania(品牌狂熱癥)：Wearingthelogosofbrandsaimedatyoungercustomersphysicallyidentifiesyouaspartofthatagegroup，soconsiderthetargetedagegroupofthestoresyoushop'stemptingtoloaduponlogos，especiallywell-knownlogosthatsignifyhigh-endconsiderthis:collegeisatimeofself-discovery，achancetodevelopyourownpersonalofwearinglogosheadtotoe，“walkingadvertisement”style，whynotexpresswhoyoureallyare?Wearrealpants:Thecombinationofleggingsandbaggyshirtsisalltoocommononcollegepointsoutthatleggings，yogapants，andsweatpantsareentirelyunacceptableinpublicunlessyou'releggingswornaspantsareacommontrendamonghighschoolandcollegegirls，theyarenotanappropriatechoiceforayoungwoman，yourstylechoiceshouldbegintoreflectyourmaturity，getridofleggingsandwearrealpants!Keepthecutefactortoaminimum:StayawayfromsweatersandT-shirtswithsmilinganimals，cartooncharacters，orHelloKittyon，kittensmightbecute，butthey'renotdoingyouanyfavorsinthestyletoocutesycantakeyearsoffyourlook，andnotnecessarilyinagoodway!【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。大學生怎么穿著才算得體，專家就這個方面提出了一些建議……4．Thesecondparagraphindicatestheimportanceof．A．impressingprofessorsB．gettingonwellwithclassmatesC．creatingaprofessionalimageD．dressingappropriately【解析】細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句話可知，D項正確，本段主要強調穿著要得體。【答案】D5．Theauthorrecommendswearingrealpantsbecause．A．leggingsandbaggyshirtsaretoocommonB．yogapantsandsweatpantsarenotsocomfortableC．realpantscanpresentyouwithappropriatematurityD．peoplelikerealpantsbetterthantheotherpants【解析】細節理解題。根據第四段最后兩句話“Asayoungwoman，yourstylechoiceshouldbegintoreflectyourmaturity，getridofleggingsandwearrealpants！”可知答案選C項。【答案】C6．What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardssweaterswithanimalsonthem?A．Theymakepeoplelooklovely.B．Theyareveryfashionablethesedays.C．Theywillshowyou'reananimallover.D．Theyarenotsuitableforcollege-agedstudents.【解析】細節理解題。文章最后一段的最后一句話的意思是：穿著有像小貓、小狗這樣可愛動物圖案的衣服，顯得與你的年齡不相符。由此可知D項正確。【答案】D7．Inwhichmagazinewouldyoumostlikelyfindthispassage?A．BusinessWeek. B．Parents.C．Style. D．Travel&Leisure.【解析】文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述的是大學生如何著裝才最合適，這屬于時尚(style)方面的話題，因此C項符合文意。【答案】CⅢ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。(2023·四川高考)Thegiantpanda1.(love)bypeoplethroughoutthescientists2.(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornwasavery3.(care)25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomething4.(eat)！Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitsmellmightattractnatural5.(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlemotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahuman.itcried，sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingmothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda7.morethantwothattime，thepandanolongerneeded8.(it)motherfor，itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysofthe，aftertwoandahalfyears，themother9.(drive)theyoungpandawastimeforhertohaveanewbaby，10.itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。中國科學家最近對一只野生雌性大熊貓和她剛出生的大熊貓寶寶進行了研究。他們發現，大熊貓媽媽對其孩子關懷備至。1．【解析】考查時態和被動語態。大熊貓為世界各地的人們所喜愛是個客觀事實，故用一般現在時；panda與love之間是被動關系，所以用被動語態。故填isloved。【答案】isloved2．【解析】考查詞性轉換之形容詞變為副詞。空格處修飾動詞短語hadachance，應用副詞。recent的副詞是recently。【答案】recently3．【解析】考查詞性轉換之名詞變為形容