翻譯講稿

——常用翻譯技巧2011年11月-12月Conversion,oneofthecommonlyadoptedtranslationtechniques,meansthechangeofpartsofspeechintranslation.OwingtothesyntacticaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish,itisusuallyimpossibleforatranslatortokeeptotheoriginalpartofspeechintheprocessoftranslation.I.ConversionConversioninEnglish-ChineseTranslationGenerallyspeaking,conversionofpartsofspeechinEnglish-Chinesetranslationtakesthefollowingforms.1.ConversionintoVerbsA.NounsconvertedintoverbsThesight

andsound

ofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我們的噴氣式飛機，聽到隆隆的機聲，我感到心弛神往。2)Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已經用來探索宇宙。3)IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我想我的小弟弟比我教的好。B.Prepositionsconvertedintoverbs1)“Coming!”Awaysheskimmedover

thelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.“來了!”他轉身蹦跳著跑了，越過草地，跑上小徑，跨上臺階，穿過涼臺，進了門廊。2)Partyofficialsworkedlonghours

on

meagerfood,in

coldcaves,

bydimlamps.黨的干部每天長時間工作，吃的是粗茶淡飯，住的是冰冷的窯洞，點的是暗淡的油燈。3)Aforceisneededtomoveanobjectagainstinertia.使物體克服慣性而運動，就需要一個力。C.AdjectivesConvertedintoverbs1)Doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsure

theycansavehislife.醫生說他們不敢肯定能否救得了他的性命。2)Thefactthatshewas

able

tosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobe

cautious.她能夠給我帶個信這件事就是個暗示，但是我必須小心謹慎。3)Bothofthesubstancesaresolubleinwater.兩種物質都能溶于水。D.Adverbsconvertedintoverbs1)Asheranout,heforgottohavehisshoeson.他跑出去時，忘記了穿鞋。2)Whentheswitchisoff,thecircuitisopenandelectricitydoesn'tgothrough.

當開關斷開時，電路就形成開路，電流不能通過。3)Inthiscasethetemperatureinthefurnaceisup.這種情況下，爐溫就升高。2.ConversionintoNounsNounsaccountforanoverwhelmingpartofthevocabularyeitherinChineseorinEnglish,andtheconversionbetweennounsandotherpartsofspeechisalsofrequentlyadoptedinEnglish-Chinesetranslation.A.VerbsconvertedintonounsSomeverbsthatarederivedfromnounscanhardlybetranslatedliterallysotheyareusuallyconvertedintonouns.1)Suchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.這些材料的特點是：絕緣性好，耐磨性強。2)Tothem,he

personifiedtheabsolutepower.在他們看來，他就是絕對權利的化身。3)Thedesign

aims

atautomaticoperation,easyregulation,simplemaintenanceandhighproductivity.設計的目的在于自動操作，調節方便，維護簡易，生產率高。B.AdjectivesconvertedintonounsAdjectiveswiththedefinitearticlestoindicatecategoriesofpeople,things,oradjectivesusedaspredicativetoindicatethenatureofthingsmayalsobeconvertedintonouns.4)Theydidtheirbesttohelpthesick

andthewounded.

他們盡了最大的努力幫助病號和傷員。5)Boththecompoundsareacids,theformerisstrong,thelatterweak.

這兩種化合物都是酸，前者是強酸，后者是弱酸。6)Inthefissionprocess,thefissionfragmentareveryradioactive.

在裂變過程中，裂變碎片具有強烈的放射性。C.PronounsconvertedintonounsEnglishpronounsaremorefrequentlyusedthanChinesepronouns.Inordertomakeclearwhattheyreallyreferto,wesometimeshavetoconvertthemintonouns,i.e.,torepeatthenounsthattheystandfor.7)Radiowavesaresimilartolightwavesexceptthattheir

wavelengthismuchgreater.無線電波與光波相似，但無線電波的波長要長得多。8)Thespecificresistanceofironisnotsosmallasthatofcopper.鐵的電阻系數不如銅的電阻系數那樣小。9)Theresultofthisexperimentismuchbetterthan

that

ofpreviousones.這次實驗的結果比前幾次的實驗結果都好得多。3.ConversionintoAdjectivesInEnglish-ChinesetranslationtherearesomecircumstancesinwhichvariousotherpartsofspeechinEnglishcanbeconvertedintoChineseadjective.A.NounsconvertedintoAdjectivesSometimesitismoreconvenientforatranslatortoconvertanEnglishnounintoaChineseadjective.1)Thepallor

ofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowsheisfeelingatthemoment.她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時的情緒。2)Thisexperimentwasa

success.

這個實驗很成功。3)Independentthinkingisanabsolute

necessity

instudy.學習中的獨立思考是絕對必須的。B.AdverbsconvertedintoadjectivesEnglishadverbsareusedmoreextensivelythanChineseadverbs;manyofthemcanbeconvertedintoChineseadjectives.1)Earthquakesarecloselyrelatedtofaulting.地震與斷裂運動有密切的關系。2)Itisdemonstratedthatgasesareperfectlyelastic.已經證實，氣體具有理想的彈性。3)Thepressure

insideequalsthepressureoutside.內部的壓力和外部的壓力相等。NotonlycanEnglishadverbsbeconvertedintoChineseadjectives,butalsointonounsoccasionally.4)Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.他身體雖弱，但思想健康。4.ConversionintoAdverbsSometimes,forthesakeofconvenience,somepartsofspeechinEnglishmaybeconvertedintoChineseadverbsinEnglish-Chinesetranslation.A.AdjectivesconvertedintoAdverbsThisisthemostcommoncasewhenanounmodifiedbyanadjectiveisconvertedintoaverbintheChineseversion.Sometimes,itisjustforthesakeofconvenience.1)Below4℃,wateriscontinuousexpansioninsteadofcontinuous

contraction.水在4℃不斷地膨脹，而不是不斷地收縮。2)Onlywhenwestudytheirpropertiescanwemake

better

useofthematerials.只有研究這些材料的特性才能更好地利用它們。3)Ahelicopterisfreetogoalmostanywhere.直升飛機幾乎可以自由地飛到任何地方。B.NounsandverbsconvertedintoadverbsThisconversionisadoptedtomaketheversionconformtotheidiomaticChineseexpression.1)Ihavethehonortoinformyouthatyourrequestisgranted.我榮幸地通知您，您的請求已得到批準。2)Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市長有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民，獲得了他們的一些好感。3)Rapidevaporationattheheating-surface

tends

tomakethesteamwet.加熱面上的迅速蒸發，往往使蒸汽的濕度變大。II.Omission1.OmissionofthePronounObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencetoseewhatwordsareomitted:Heputhishandsintohispocketsandthenshruggedhis

shoulders.他將雙手放進口袋，然后聳了聳肩。Fortwoweeks,hehadbeenstudyingthehouse,lookingatitsrooms,itselectricwiring,itspathanditsgarden.兩周以來，他一直注意觀察房子的情況，查看各個房間，留心電線的走向、通道和花園的布局。3)Theywentintodinners.Itwasexcellent,andthewinewasgood.Itsinfluencepresentlyhaditseffectonthem.Theytalkednotonlywithoutacrimony(言談舉止上的惡毒),butevenwithfriendliness.他們進入餐廳用餐。美酒佳肴，頓受感染，言談間不但沒有惡言惡語，甚至還充滿友好之情。2.OmissionoftheArticleObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencetoseewhatwordsareomitted:1)

Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.月亮慢慢從海上升起。2)Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritisa

solid,aliquid,ora

gas.任何物質，不論是固體、液體或氣體，都由原子組成。3)Thedirectionofaforcecanberepresentedbyan

arrow.力的方向可以用箭頭表示。3.OmissionoftheprepositionObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencetoseewhatwordsareomitted:1)Smokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.公共場所嚴禁抽煙。Thedifferencebetweenthetwomachinesconsistsinpower.這兩臺機器的差別在于功率不同。Hydrogenisthelightestelementwith

anatomicweightof1.0008.氫是最輕的元素，原子量為1.0008.4.OmissionoftheconjunctionObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencetoseewhatwordsareomitted:1)Helookedgloomy

andtroubled.他看上去憂愁不安。2)If

Ihadknownit,Iwouldnothavejoinedinit.早知如此，我就不參加了。Likechargesrepeleachotherwhileoppositechargesattract.同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸。5.OmissionoftheverbObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencetoseewhatwordsareomitted:1)Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.氣壓低，沸點就低。2)Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.如同液體和氣體一樣，固體也能膨脹和收縮3)Forthisreasontelevisionsignals

haveashortrange.因此，電視信號的傳播距離很短。OmissionoftheImpersonalPronoun“It”Thisoftenoccurswhen“it”ismeaninglessorempty.Outside

it

waspitchdarkand

itwasrainingcatsanddogs.外面一團漆黑，大雨傾盆。Thisformulamakesiteasytodeterminethewavelengthofsounds.這一公式使得測定聲音的波長十分簡單。It

wasnotuntilthemiddleofthe19thcenturythattheblastfurnacecameintouse.直到19世紀中葉，高爐才開始使用。III.AmplificationAmplificationinEnglish-ChineseTranslationObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencestoseewhatwordsareaddedandwhatwordsareomitted.Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.晚上在參加宴會、出席音樂會、觀看乒乓球表演以后，他還記得起草最后公報。（amplificationofverbs增加動詞/tomakeabstractconceptclear）Hedismissedthemeetingwithoutaclosingspeech.他沒有致閉幕詞就宣布結束會議。（增加動詞）Basically,thetheoryproposed,amongotherthings,thatthemaximumspeedpossibleintheuniverseisthatoflight;…就其基本內容而言，這一學說提出的論點包括：光速是宇宙中最快的速度；……（增加修飾詞，以示強調）Ideally,oneday,researcherswillknowenoughaboutthegenesisofearthquakesandthenatureofparticularfaultstopredictquakesdirectly.(TheEc