ChapterOneEngine

許亞平2Unit1

EngineMechanical33ContentsPre-questionsImportantWords&PhrasesTasksTheTextExplanationExercisesChassis底盤(pán)AutomobileStructureofAnAutomobileEngine發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Body車(chē)身ElectricalEquipment電氣設(shè)備5Pre-questionsEngineWhat’stheheartofanautomobile?Whatdoestheengineconsistof?7ImportantWords&Phrasescylinderblock汽缸體cylinder['silind?]

n.

汽缸

cylinderwall汽缸壁8ImportantWords&Phrasescylinder

head

汽缸蓋cylinderliner汽缸套9ImportantWords&Phrases10ImportantWords&Phrasescrankshaft曲軸crankshaftassembly曲軸總成camshaft凸輪軸1111ImportantWords&Phraseslubricate

['lu:brikeit]vt.

潤(rùn)滑,加潤(rùn)滑油,注(上,涂)油lubrication

n.潤(rùn)滑lubricant

n.

潤(rùn)滑劑,潤(rùn)滑油,機(jī)油coolant

n.冷卻液1212ImportantWords&Phrasesvalve

guide氣門(mén)座

valveseat氣門(mén)調(diào)整墊片

valveoilseal氣門(mén)桿

valvestem氣門(mén)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)

valveadjustingshim氣門(mén)油封

valvedrivemechanism

氣門(mén)導(dǎo)管valven.氣門(mén)；閥(門(mén))['mek?niz?m]13ImportantWords&Phrases

exhaustn.排氣，排氣裝置

intaken.進(jìn)氣，吸氣

manifold['m?nif?uld]

n.歧管exhaustvalve/stroke/manifold

排氣門(mén)/行程/歧管intakevalve/stroke/manifold

進(jìn)氣門(mén)/行程/歧管14Task:GivingtheChineseNamescrankcasegasketcylinderheadcylindercoolingpassagesoilpancylinderblockcylinderheadcover機(jī)體組15ImportantWords&Phrasesinjector

n.

噴油器inject

v.

噴射，噴油，注射，注入injection

n.

[in'd?ekt?]16ImportantWords&Phrases

gasketn.襯墊，墊圈e.g.

進(jìn)氣歧管墊intakemanifold

gasket排氣歧管墊exhaustmanifold

gasket汽缸蓋墊cylinderhead

gasket汽缸蓋罩墊cylinderheadcover

gasketcylindergasket:汽缸墊功用是保證氣缸蓋與氣缸體接觸面的密封，防止漏氣，漏水和漏油。cylinderheadcylinderheadcovergasketCylinderHeadCover&CylinderGasket倒檔？空擋18ImportantWords&Phrases

gearn齒輪;傳動(dòng)裝置;擋位timinggear

正時(shí)齒輪

gearratio傳動(dòng)比

first/secondgear

一/二擋gearbox變速箱(器)19ImportantWords&Phrases

piston

活塞pistonrings

活塞環(huán)compressionring

氣環(huán)oilcontrolring

油環(huán)

pistonpin

活塞銷(xiāo)20ImportantWords&Phrasespushrod推桿connectingrod連桿21compressionringoilcontrolringpistonpinpistonconnectingrodconnectingrodboltconnectingrodbearingconnectingrodcapTask:GivingtheChineseNames

活塞連桿組22ImportantWords&Phrases

connectingrodbearing連桿軸承23ImportantWords&Phrasesvalvestemcamshaftvalveclearance['kli?r?ns]24ImportantWords&Phrases

valvelifter液力的，液壓的

hydrauliclifter氣門(mén)挺柱液力(壓)挺柱挺柱卡環(huán)閥架支承座單向閥柱塞彈簧碟形彈簧挺桿體柱塞推桿[hai'dr?:lik]25ImportantWords&Phrases

valvespring

氣門(mén)彈簧valveretainer

氣門(mén)座圈[ri'tein?]26ImportantWords&Phrasesvalvespringvalvespringretainerkeeper

鎖片27ImportantWords&Phrasesintakevalve（bigger）exhaustvalve（smaller）Whyaretheexhaustvalvesusuallysmallerthantheintakesones?28Task:GivingtheChineseNames

camshaftlifterpushrodrockerarmcamshafttiminggearrockerarmshaft氣門(mén)傳動(dòng)組29ImportantWords&Phrases搖臂rockerarm3031valvetraincrank-connectingrodenginecoolinglubricatingstartingignitionfuelsupplyTwomechanisms:Fivesystems:32TheTextExplanation

Theengineblockisthemainsupportingstructure(towhichallotherenginepartsareattached).汽缸體發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽缸體是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的主要支撐裝置，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的所有其它件都裝在氣缸體上。定語(yǔ)從句33TheTextExplanationattach…to:fasteninposition;fixorconnect

固定，連接，附著e.g.Heattachedtheseparts

tothemachine.他把這些零件固定在機(jī)器上。34TheTextExplanationThecrankcasesectionisusedto

housethecrankshaft,oilpan.

曲軸箱用于安裝曲軸，機(jī)油盤(pán)。曲軸箱機(jī)油盤(pán)35TheTextExplanationhouse

v.:providewithaplacetolive

給…房子住，給…提供住房e.g.

Thisnewbuildingwill

housethetrainingcenter.實(shí)訓(xùn)中心將設(shè)在這幢新樓里。36TheTextExplanationThey

allowcoolant

tocirculatethroughoutthecylinderareatokeeptheenginecool.它們可以使冷卻液在氣缸周?chē)h(huán)流動(dòng)以冷卻發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。冷卻液氣缸37TheTextExplanationallow…to:toletsb.dosth.,permit

允許，容許，準(zhǔn)許e.g.Wearenotallowed

to

stayoutafter10o’clock.

(學(xué)校)不允許我們?cè)?0點(diǎn)以后待在外面。38Task:GivingtheChineseNamescrankcasegasketcylinderheadcylindercoolingpassagesoilpancylinderblockcylinderheadcover機(jī)體組39TheTextExplanation

Thepurposeofusingaliner

isthat,ifthecylinderisdamaged,thelinercanberemovedandreplacedrathereasily.…的目的(作用)是…使用汽缸套目的是在氣缸損壞時(shí)缸套可以很容易地拆卸和更換。汽缸套40TheTextExplanation

thepurposeof(doing)sth.is

todo

that-clause…的目的（作用）是…e.g.Thepurposeofconductingabusiness

istomakemoney.做生意的目的是賺錢(qián)。41TheTextExplanation

replacev.

taketheplaceof代替，取代

e.g.Cananythingreplaceamother’slove?42地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)TheTextExplanationsealsmustbeused[onthetopand

bottomofthewetsleeve][inordertokeepthecoolantfromleakingoutofthecoolingsystem].目的狀語(yǔ)為了防止冷卻系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的冷卻液泄露，在濕式缸套的上端和下端均裝有水封。TheTextExplanationkeeponeself(sb.)fromsth/doingsth.

使自己(某人)不能做某事I’llcalltherolleveryweekinordertokeepyoufrombeingabsentfromtheclass.e.g.為了使大家不曠課，我每周都會(huì)點(diǎn)名。44TheTextExplanation[Afterthecylinderheadhasbeencast,]someareasmustbe

machined[sothatintakeandexhaustmanifoldscanbeattached,valvescanbeseated,sparkplugsandinjectorscanbeinstalled,andagoodsealcanbeprovidedtotheblock.]時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)氣缸蓋噴油器進(jìn)排氣歧管火花塞目的狀語(yǔ)鑄造45TheTextExplanationmachine

v.用機(jī)器制造，加工

n.機(jī)器e.g.Hemachinedthesepartsofthemachine.

他用機(jī)器加工這些機(jī)器零件。attach,seat,install

這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞在句子中的含義基本相同，都做“安裝”講。46TheTextExplanationTranslation:氣缸蓋被鑄造以后，其上的某些部位必須被加工以安裝進(jìn)排氣歧管、氣門(mén)、火花塞及噴油器，并可使氣缸可靠密封。47TheTextExplanationThepistonandconnectingrodassembly

transmitsthepowerfrom

combustion

tothecrankshaft.活塞連桿總成燃燒transmit…

(from…to):tosendorpassfromonetoanother傳送，傳遞48TheTextExplanatione.g.Theoptimismsoontransmitteditself

to

allthemembersofthecrowd.

這種樂(lè)觀情緒很快感染了人群中所有的人。['?ptimiz?m]Itmainlyconsistsofpiston,

compressionrings,

oil

controlrings,

pistonpin

connectingrod.氣環(huán)油環(huán)50TheTextExplanatione.g.

水由氫和氧組成.

iscomposedof

Water

ismadeupofhydrogenandoxygen.

consistsofconsistofbemadeupofbecomposedof由…組成51TheTextExplanationTranslation:活塞和連桿總成將燃料燃燒產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力傳遞給曲軸。如圖1-1-3所示，活塞和連桿總成主要包括活塞、氣環(huán)、油環(huán)、活塞銷(xiāo)和連桿。52Revision:

Translatingthefollowingphrases氣門(mén)桿凸輪軸氣門(mén)間隙valveclearancecamshaftvalvestem53Revision:

Translatingthefollowingphrases氣門(mén)彈簧氣門(mén)彈簧座圈鎖片valvespringretainerkeepervalvespring54氣環(huán)油環(huán)活塞銷(xiāo)活塞連桿連桿螺栓連桿軸承連桿蓋Revision:

Translatingthefollowingphrases活塞連桿組compressionringoilcontrolringpistonpistonpinconnectingrodconnectingrodboltconnectingrodbearingconnectingrodcap55Revision:

Translatingthefollowingphrases凸輪軸挺柱推桿搖臂凸輪軸正時(shí)齒輪搖臂軸氣門(mén)傳動(dòng)組camshaftcamshafttiminggearrockerarmrockerarmshaftpushrodlifterItisusedtoconnectpistontocrankshaftandchangethereciprocatingmotiontotherotarymotion.TheTextExplanation旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)把…與…連接往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)Translation:(連桿)用于連接活塞和曲軸并將活塞的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榍S的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。[ri'sipr?keit]['r?ut?ri]57TheTextExplanationTheexhaustvalvesareusuallysmallerindiameter

thantheintakeones,becauseontheexhauststrokethegasesmovemoreeasily[forthepressureofthepistonforcingthemout].排氣門(mén)直徑排氣行程during在…時(shí)候intakevalve（bigger）exhaustvalve（smaller）Translation:通常，排氣門(mén)的直徑小于進(jìn)氣門(mén)的直徑，這樣便于排氣行程中，在活塞壓力的作用下廢氣更容易排出。Theyarepressedintothecylinderheadandgroundtothecorrectangle.TheTextExplanation將…壓入grind(ground,ground)v.磨(碎);碾(碎);磨成

e.g.Theflourwas

ground

fromwheat.

[graind][graund]Translation:它被壓裝到汽缸蓋內(nèi)并研磨成特定的角度。61Exercises:

Answeringthequestions1.What’sthepurposeofusingacylinderliner?Thepurposeofusingalineristhat,ifthecylinderisdamaged,thelinercanberemovedandreplacedrathereasily.62Exercises:

Answeringthequestions2.Whatcomponentsdoesthepistonandconnectingrodassemblyconsistof?Itconsistsofpiston,compressionrings,oilcontrolrings,pistonpinandconnectingrod.63Exercises:

Answeringthequestions3.Whatcomponentsdoescrankshaftassemblyconsistof?Itincludesthecrankshaft,bearing,flywheel,harmonicbalancer,timinggear,andfrontandrearseals.64Exercises:

Answeringthequestions4.Howdoesthepistonreciprocatingmotionchangetothecrankshaftrotarymotion?Connectingrodisusedtoconnectpistontocrankshaftandchangethereciprocatingmotiontotherotarymotion.65Exercises:

Answeringthequestions5.What’sthefunctionofthevalvedrivemechanism?It’susedtotransferthecamshaftlifttothevalveassembly.66Exercises:

Answeringthequestions6.Howdoestherotarymotionofthecamshaftchangetoreciprocatingmotion?Lifterschangetherotarymotionofthecamshafttoreciprocatingmotiontoopenandclosethevalve.67Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglish1.曲軸主軸頸2.缸蓋螺栓3.活塞環(huán)4.連桿軸頸crankshaft(main)journalcylinderheadboltpistonringconnecting-rodjournal68Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglish7.搖臂軸8.液力挺柱6.連桿螺栓5.汽缸蓋墊cylinderheadgasketconnecting-rodboltrockerarmshafthydrauliclifter69Exercises:

TranslatingthesentencesintoChineseTheproblemcanoftenbeassociatedwithacrackinthecylinderheadorpossiblewarpofthecylinderhead.Acrackintheblockmayalsocausecoolanttothecombustionchamberandcausewhiteexhaustsmoke.與…有關(guān)裂縫汽缸蓋燃燒室彎曲汽缸體70Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglishTranslation:該故障通常由缸蓋內(nèi)的裂縫或缸蓋變形而引起。缸體內(nèi)的裂縫也可能使冷卻液滲入燃燒室，從而導(dǎo)致冒白煙。71Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglish2.[

Wheninstallinganexchangecylinderhead(withcamshaftinstalled)],thecontactsurfaces

betweenthehydraulicliftersandthecammustbeoiled[beforeinstallingthecylinderheadcover].接觸面時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句72Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglishTranslation:當(dāng)更換缸蓋(已安裝凸輪軸)時(shí)，液力挺柱與凸輪之間的接觸面要先上機(jī)油，再安裝汽缸蓋罩。73inadditionto除…之外Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglish3.Metalshavings

orlargequantitiesofsmallmetalparticlesfoundintheengineoilduringrepairscanbecaused.Ifsuchparticlesarefound,apartfrom

thoroughlycleaningtheoilpassages,itisnecessarytoreplacetheoilcooler.屑片大量的顆粒,微粒徹底地機(jī)油冷卻器74Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglishTranslation:維修過(guò)程中會(huì)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油里有金屬屑或大量細(xì)小的金屬微粒。如果有金屬顆粒，除了徹底清潔油道