SouthAfricaUnit2Unit2

Englisharound

theworld

Englisharound

theworld

ByAlu

ByAlu

Reading

ReadingTheRoad

toModernEnglishTheRoad

toModernEnglishReadthepassagequicklyandfindoutthemainideaofit.

ThisunitseekstogiveusabetterunderstandingofhowEnglishdevelopedandhowitisspokenintheworld,though,infact,therearevarious“Englishes”

ItmainlytellsushowEnglishdevelopedandhowitisspokenintheworld,though,infact,therearevarious“Englishes”Readthepassageagainandfindouthowmanypartsitshouldbedividedandthemainideaofeachpart.4paragraphs(parts)Para1Para2

Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondorforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.

NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.

(line1-line4)(line5-line8)Para3Para4

Alllanguageschangewhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewithoneanother.

English'spositionasworldlanguageisyettobeclearlyunderstoodordefined.(line9-line21)(line22-theend)Discussinpairsorgroupsand:1)fillintheform:

TheroadtomodernEnglishthecauseculturescommunicatewithoneanotherbetweenAD450and1150basedonGerman800to1500LesslikeGerman;morelikeFrenchInthe1600’sShakespearebroadenedthevocabulary.AbigchangeinEnglishlaterBritishpeoplebroughtEnglishtoAustralia

2)Completethefollowingsentences.

1.Duringthe5thcenturyAD______.2.BetweenaboutAD800and1150______.3.Bythe1600s_______.4.Inthe1620_______.5.Fromthe18thcentury______.6.Bythe19thcentury_______.7.From1765to1947_______.

1.Duringthe5thcenturyAD______.EnglishwasbasedmoreonGerman2.BetweenaboutAD800and1150______.EnglishwasinfluencedbyDanishandFrenchinvaders.3.Bythe1600s_______.Shakespeareusedawidervocabularythaneverbefore.4.Inthe1620_______.

BritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.

5.Fromthe18thcentury______.BritishpeopleweretakentoAustralia6.Bythe19thcentury_______.dictionariesstandardizedthespellingofEnglish7.From1765to1947_______.EnglishwasspokeninIndiaasanofficiallanguage

1.Englishhas/hadthemostspeakers___.A.nowB.whentheBritishruledmanypartsoftheworldC.inthetimeofShakespeareD.inthe12thcentury2.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A.LanguagesalwaysstaythesameB.LanguageschangewhencultureschangeC.LanguagesnolongerchangeD.Languageschangeonlyafterwars3)Findtheanswers(choosethecorrectanswer).

3.FromAD450to1150,Englishsoundedmorelike_____?A.FrenchB.ChineseC.GermanD.Russian4.Shakespeare’sEnglishwasspokenaround______?A.1400’sB.1150’sC.450’sD.1600’s5.WhichcountryhasthefastestgrowingnumberofEnglishspeakersintheworld?A.AustraliaB.ChinaC.IndiaD.Britain1.WhyIndiatakesEnglishassecondlanguage.WhatotherkindsofEnglishdoyouthinkformedforthesamereason?ReadPara.4andfindout:BecauseIndiawasonceruledbyBritainandduringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducationinIndia.

SouthAfrican

SingaporeMalaysian

HongKong

EnglishEnglishReadthepassageagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.WhywasEnglishspokeninmanyothercountriesinthe17thcentury?2.DonativeEnglishspeakershavedifficultyinunderstandingeachother?3.DoestheirEnglishhavedifferences?Ifso,canyoushowexamples?4.WhydoesChinahavethelargestnumberoftheEnglishlearner?

1.WhywasEnglishspokeninmanyothercountriesinthe17thcentury?2.DonativeEnglishspeakershavedifficultyinunderstandingeachother?BecausepeoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworld.No.Theycanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.3.DoestheirEnglishhavedifferences?Ifso,canyoushowexamples?4.WhydoesChinahavethelargestnumberoftheEnglishspeakers?Yes,itdoes.Theyhavedifferencesmainlyin3ways:pronunciation,spellingandvocabularyBecausethenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidlyandChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.HomeworkReadthetextcarefully,lookupthefollowinginthedictionaryandtrytomakeyourselvesunderstandhowtousethem.1.attheendof---2.becauseof---3.evenif=(eventhough)---4.comeup---5.actually=infact/asamatteroffact---

6.baseon/upon---

7.present---8.make(good/full)useof---9.anumberof---

10.tell---SeeyounexttimeSeeyounexttimeLanguagepointsLanguagepoints

1.attheendof---到…的盡頭，在…末(可表示時間、地點或程度)e.g.1.Attheendoftheroadyouwillfindthepostoffice.

(郵政所在這條路的盡頭.）

2.在晚會的末尾，我們齊唱了一首歌。

Attheendofthepartywesangasongtogether.3.她已忍無可忍了。

Shewasattheendofherpatience.要理解好attheendof與intheend的用法區別，intheend是“最后”“終于”的意義,且不接

of.請看：

Hekeptontryingandsucceededintheend.2.Shetriedvariousjobsandintheend

becameanaccountant.3.Hardastheyworked,theycouldnotfinishtheirtaskintheend.注意:

becauseof---是個短語介詞,其后須接名詞或動名詞(短語)e.g.1.Hecametoworklatebecauseof(his)gettinguplate.

（因為起晚了，他上班遲到。）

2.她沒有出現在他的晚會上是因為壞天氣。

Shedidn’tappearathisparty

becauseofthebadweather.

1.Hecametoworklatebecauseof(his)gettinguplate.

=Hecametoworklatebecausehegotuplate.2.Shedidn’tappearathispartybecauseofthebadweather.

=Shedidn’tappearathispartybecausetheweatherwasbad.

because與becauseof的意義是一樣的,但because是連詞,其后須跟主謂結構(從句)，請看:

3)evenif=(eventhough)是連詞詞組,用來引導

讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管；即使”e.g.1.Hewillnotletoutthesecretevenif

heknowsit.

（即使他知道這秘密也不會泄露出去）

2.盡管他知道這秘密，他不會泄露它。

Hewillnotletoutthesecreteventhoughheknowsit.

evenif從句所說的是不肯定的事；而eventhough從句所說的則是事實.請看:

Thisproblemcannotbesolvedevenifheishere.2.Thisproblemhasn’tbeensolvedeventhoughheishere.3.Shewillnotattendhispartyevenifsheisinvitedbyhimself.4.Shedidn’tattendhispartyeventhough

shewasinvitedbyhimself.4)

comeup---上來,升起,走近;被提出;發芽;

e.g.1.“Comeup,”Hecalledfromthe2nd-storeybalcony.2.Thedivercameupforair.3.Manyofthemcameuptoreceivethevisitors.4.Theproblemcameupinthemeeting.

5.Theseedshaven’tcomeupyet.

（上來）（上來）（走出來）（被提出）（發芽）請記下列詞組:comeacross

偶然遇到或找到

comeback再現記憶

comedown傳承,按習慣通過或處理

comeon催促,快速運動

comeout成為眾所周知;發行或發表

cometrue實現

comeup出現,顯示

comeupwith宣布或發現5)

actually=infact/asamatteroffact

事實上，實際上e.g.1.Well,whatdidsheactuallysay?

對了，她實際講了些啥？

2.那兒有許多實際上能幫你的人。

Therearelotsofpeopletherewhocan

actuallyhelpyou.3.事實上我從未見過他。

Actually,Ihaven’tseenhimbefore.6)baseon/upon…---以…為基礎(常使用被動語態)e.g.1.ThismovieisbasedontheAnti-JapaneseWar.

這部電影取材于抗日戰爭。

2.你的新書（小說）取材于什么呢？

Whatisyournewnovelbasedon?3.你以什么作你的理論依據呢？

Whatareyoubasingyourtheoryon?Whatdoyoubaseyourtheoryon?

7)present---(adj.)目前的,現在的

e.g.1.Youshouldlookclearlyatthepresent

situation.

你得看清目前的形勢。

2.目前我們還沒有（得到）任何信息。

Wedon’thaveanymoreinformationatthepresenttime.

atpresent---(=now)e.g.1.Atpresent,whatweshoulddoistogetintouchwiththem.2.Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudiesatpresent?8)make(good/full)useof---使/利用e.g.1.Everyminuteshouldbemadegooduseof.

應該利用好每一分鐘。

2.我們必須充分利用我們有限的資源。

Wemustmakefulluseofourlimitedresources.

3.聰明的學生總能利用好時間來學習。

Acleverstudentalwaysmakesgooduseoftimetostudy.

9)anumberof---大量的（其后接復數名詞,謂語動詞用復；數thenumberof---….的數目其后也接復數名詞,但謂語動詞用單數）e.g.1.Anumberofpeoplehavecame.

許多人來了。

2.許多孩子在草地上玩耍。

Anumberofboysandgirlsareplayingonthegrasses.3.我校的學生數目超過3000人。

Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisover3000.10)tell---知道,判斷(常與from連用,表示“區分”）e.g.1.AsfarasIcantell,shelikesyourcourse.

就我所知，她喜歡你的課。

2.很難判斷他對（還是不對）與否。

It’shardtotellwhetherheisright.3.CanyoutellTomfromhistwinbrother?

你能區分湯姆與他的孿生兄弟嗎？

4.盡管他還很年輕，但他能辨別是非。

Youngasheis,hecantellright

fromwrong.Translatethefollowing:1.在小路的盡頭有間小茅房。2.就算她知道也沒什么問題。3.誰也說不清明天會發生什么。4.因為懶，他這次考試不及格。

ExercisesExercisesItdoesn’tmatterevenif/thoughsheknowsaboutit.Noone/Nobodycantellwhatwillhappentomorrow.Hefailedinthisexambecausehewaslazy.(Hefailedthistimebecauseofhislaziness.)

Thereisahutattheendoftheroad.(Ahutstandsattheendoftheroad.)Thereisahutattheendoftheroad.(Ahutstandsattheendoftheroad.)Translatethefollowing:1.在小路的盡頭有間小茅房。2.就算她知道也沒什么問題。3.誰也說不清明天會發生什么。4.因為懶，他這次考試不及格。

ExercisesExercisesItdoesn’tmatterevenif/thoughsheknowsaboutit.Noone/Nobodycantellwhatwillhappentomorrow.

Hefailedinthisexambecausehewaslazy.(Hefailedthistimebecauseofhislaziness.)Thereisahutattheendoftheroad.(Ahutstandsattheendoftheroad.)TolearnEnglishwell,you’dbetterlearnabouttwoimportantpersons:SamuelJohnsonNoahWebster

SamuelJohnsonBorn:September18,1709

OneoftheEnglishlanguage’smostprofoundinfluences.一個對英語有巨大影響的人NoahWebster

Born:October