潛艇系統詳解艇體系統姿態控制系統穩定性控制系統指揮塔結構浮力控制系統空氣循環系統發電系統推進系統艙底系統通風系統緊急情況呼吸系統…….HMSTRAFALGAR(SSN)ASubmarineisonlyevercalleda:BOATNavalTerminology

DesignedtoConfuseSS: SubmarineSSN: Submarine(NuclearPropelled) SSBN: Submarine(NuclearPropelledwith BallisticMissiles)FF: FrigateDD: DestroyerDDG: DestroyerwithGuidedMissilesCV: CarrierCVF: CarrierwithfixedwingaircraftClassesofSSN(HunterKiller)

2ndGenerationHMSSwiftsure (SBoats) HMSSceptre HMSSpartan HMSSplendid HMSSovereignHMSSuperbClassesofSSN(HunterKiller)

3rdGenerationHMSTrafalgar(Tboats)

HMSTurbulent HMSTirelessHMSTorbay HMSTrenchant HMSTalent HMSTriumph

Astute(ABoats) TomahawkLandAttackMissileFiredfromHMSSplendid

MissileinFlightOneLessCommandBunkerHMSVANGUARD(SSBN)ClassesofSSBN(Bomber)HMSVanguard(Trident) HMSVictorious HMSVengeanceHMSVigilantWhatHappensUnderwaterTheTridentMissileTheDeterrentTHESUBMARINEMUSTBEABLETO:MaintainwatertightintegrityWithstandpressureatdepthRemainmanoeuvrableProvideastableplatformtocarryandfireweaponsProvideahabitableenvironmentforthecrewandtohousemachineryRemainundetected-VeryquietWorkindependentlyofairSEAPRESSUREINCREASESASTHESUBMARINEGOESDEEPER.InPSI,pressureisapproximatelyequalto?thedepthinFEET.

At100ftseapressureis:

50PSIInBAR,pressureisapproximatelyequalto1/10ofthedepthinMETRES.

At30mseapressureis:

3BAR Atasubmarine’sMaximumOperatingDepthasubmarineishavingtowithstandpressuresof650psior35BarTheProblem::BASICSUBMARINECONSRUCTIONTHESTRENGTHOFTHEHULLISINCREASEDBYADDING:TFramesBulkheadsDecks

HULLINSERTS

Numerousholesarecutintothepressurehullforaccessandservices,allofwhichweakenthepressurehull.

Inordertorestoreittoitsoriginalstrength,heavierplatingisweldedaroundeachopening,theseplatesareknownas:ARCHIMEDESPRINCIPLEBUOYANCYPOSITIVENEGATIVENEUTRALBUOYANCYBUOYANCYMAINBALLASTTANKENVIRONMENTALFACTORSAFFECTINGBUOYANCY

SeawaterdensitySalinity Temperature

CompressibilityDown&OutUp&InSUBMARINESTABILITYTheCentreofGravityisthepointthroughwhichtheentireweightofthesubmarinemaybesaidtoact.Allheavymachineryandweightsareplacedatthebottomofthesubmarinetokeepthecentreofgravityaslowaspossible,thisimprovesstability.THECENTREOFBUOYANCY:

IsthepointthroughwhichtheentireupthrustonthesubmarinemaybesaidtoactSTABILITYStabilityisthesubmarine’sresistancetoheelingforcesSTABILITYOPERATINGZONESNORMALOPERATINGZONEMAXIMUMEXCURSIONDEPTH (20%BELOWDDD)CRUSHZONECONTROLSURFACESControlthesubmarine’sCourseandDepthFOREPLANESWorkinconjunctionwiththeafterplanestocontrolpitchanddepthAFTERPLANESWorkinconjunctionwiththeforeplanestocontrolpitchanddepthRUDDERControlstheHeadingoftheSubmarineHUNTERKILLER

COMPARTMENTLAYOUTFWDESCAPE

CONTROLROOM/ACCOMODATIONMANOUVERINGROOMENGINEROOM/MMSWEAPONSEMBARKATIONHATCHFWDESCAPECONNINGTOWERMAINACCESSHATCHAFTERESCAPEHATCHENGINEROOMHATCHREACTORCOMPARTMENTBALLISTICMISSILESUBMARINECOMPARTMENTLAYOUTMISSILECOMPARTMENTREACTORCOMPARTMENTWEAPONSEMBARKATIONHATCHFWDLET/MAINACCESSHATCHCONNINGTOWERHATCHAFTLETENGINEROOMHATCHACCOMODATION/FOREENDSMACHINERYSPACEMIDLETFINIntegralwiththecasingistheFIN.Ithas3distinctfunctions:Supportsandhousesthemastsandperiscopes.Providesanelevatedplatformforconningandnavigation.Strengthenedforicebreakingandstreamlinedbyshutters.MASTS&PERISCOPESSUBMARINESYSTEMSWatersystemsAirsystemsHydraulicsystemsEnvironmentalsystemsSanitarysystemsInordertooperateefficientlyandindependently,thesubmarineneeds:BALLASTSYSTEMTheprimaryfunctionoftheBallastSystemistoadjustthebodilyweightofthesubmarine.BALLASTSYSTEMTRIMSYSTEMTheprimaryfunctionofthetrimsystemistoadjustthehorizontalplaneofthesubmarine.TRIMSYSTEMBILGESYSTEMTheprimaryfunctionoftheBilgeSystemistocollectandstoredirtywater&otherfluidspriortosubsequentdischargeoverboard.BILGESYSTEMDOMESTICFRESHWATERThefunctionofthedomesticfreshwatersystemistoprovidehotandcoldfreshwaterfordrinking,domesticandotherpurposes.HIGHPRESSUREAIR

Tosupplycleandryair@276barto:A) MainBallastTankblows.B) ChargingEmergencyBottleGroups.C) AuxiliaryVent&Blow.D) AfterPlanesinairemergency.E) ReactorAirservices.HPAIRSYSTEMSHPAHAZARDSHearingcanbeimpairedDamagetohealthHPBLOWSYSTEMToblowthemainballasttankswith276barairtoachievepositivebuoyancyHPBLOWSYSTEMNUCLEARSTEAMRAISINGPLANT

Thepressurisedwaterreactorgeneratesheattoboilwater,producingsteamtodrivethemainturbinesforpropulsionandtheturbogeneratorsforelectricalgeneration.ThePWRisthesubmarinesmainsourceofpower:itusesnuclearfissiontogeneratetheheatthatisusedtoproducesteam.REACTOR,SHOWINGSTEAMGENERATORLAYOUTOFAREACTORCOMPARTMENTThecontrolrodsareraisedandloweredtomaintainthereactortemperatureinsideapredeterminedbandAreactorSCRAMisthedroppinginofthecontrolrodsbythereactorprotectionsystemtoshutdownthereactorandpreservepersonnelandsubmarinesafety.ABSOLUTESAFETYESSENTIALSCOOLINGWATERforDecayHeatRemovalELECTRICSforReactorInstrumentation/MonitoringCoolingWaterMustkeepwaterintheprimarycircuitVeryhighintegritysystemMakeupsystemELECTRICALPOWERDISTRIBUTIONThesubmarinerequiresasourceofelectricalpowerinordertofunction.

Toprovidethiswehaveasystemofgeneratorsandinterlinkingcablesandswitches.ELECTRICALGENERATIONProvidesasafereliablesourceofAC/DCelectricalpowerfor:NavigationWeaponssystemsHeatingLightingAlternativemethodsofpropulsion.ELECTRICALPOWERDISTRIBUTIONTURBOGENERATORSTheprimarymethodofproducingelectricalpoweristwosteam-drivenTurboGeneratorslocatedintheMainMachinerySpace(MMS)TheyproducethemainACelectricityat440V60Hz3phase.MAINBATTERYProvidesahighintegrityDCelectricalsupplyintheeventofalossoftheACpowergeneratingcapabilityMOTORGENERATORSM.G’skeeptheMainBatteryfullychargedundernormalconditionsandintheeventofaTGfailuretheycansupplytheACsystemfromtheMainBatteryDIESELGENERATORSThereare2DieselGeneratorsfittedthatcanbeusedtochargethemainbatteryduringnormalbatteryroutinesandinvariousmachinerybreakdownstates,e.g.aprolongedreactorscramSHORESUPPLIESShoresuppliesprovideamethodofsupplyingelectricityalongside,usingcablesconnectedfromthejettytothesubmarine.THEPROPULSIONSYSTEMThefunctionofthepropulsionsystemistoprovideamethodofdrivingthesubmarinethroughthewater,surfacedordived,whilstretainingtheabilitytoremainundetected.MAINPROPULSIONUNIT&SHAFTINGMAINTURBINESThemainturbinesconvertthesteamproducedbytheNSRP(NuclearSteamRaisingPlant)intorotationalmovementtodrivethegearboxviatheclutches.MAINGEARBOXThemaingearboxtransfersthedrivefromthemainturbinestotheshaftandreducestheturbinespeedataspecificreductionratio.EMERGENCYPROPULSIONMOTOR(EPM)TheEPMprovidesanalternativemethodofturningtheshaftintheeventofalossofsteamormechanicalfailureoftheturbinesandisclutchedinoroutwhenrequired.SECONDARYPROPULSIONMOTOR(SPM)TheSPMisusedintheeventofamainshaftingfailureorlossofthegearbox,andwhenmanoeuvringinconfinedwatersEMERGENCYBREATHINGSYSTEMTosupplyclean,breathable,filteredairat7barthroughoutthesubmarinewhenthesubmarinesatmosphereiscontaminated.EMERGENCYBREATHINGSYSTEMHYDRAULICSYSTEMSTosupplyaliquidatpressuretomoveheavyandessentialitemsofequipmentQuietlyEfficientlyandRemotelyMAINHYDRAULICSFwdhydroplanesMainventsWatertightdoorsHPBlowvalvesMasts&PeriscopesHullValves6mainusesofMainHydraulicsare:EXTERNALHYDRAULICSAnchorwindlassCapstansBowcaps&flapvalvesSecondaryPropulsionMotor4MainusesofExternalHydraulicsare:AFTERHYDRAULICSAfterplanesRudderControlAfterHydraulicsisusedexclusivelyfor:ENVIROMENTALSYSTEMSVentilationSystemSnortInductionSystemAirpurificationAirconditioningSanitarysystemsVENTILATIONSYSTEMTocirculateanddistributeairthroughoutthesubmarineToprovideadequateventilationofthebatteryunderallconditions.Toexhauststaleorcontaminatedairfromthesubmarineandreplaceitwithfresh.ToprovideadequateairsuppliestoruntheonboarddieselsVENTILATIONSYSTEMSNORTINDUCTIONS