思維導(dǎo)圖破解高中英語(yǔ)

第25講例子題，觀點(diǎn)題，檢查與蒙題大法學(xué)霸推薦例子題，觀點(diǎn)題，檢查與蒙題大法高中閱讀理解優(yōu)秀同齡人的陪伴讓你的青春少走彎路使用說(shuō)明-內(nèi)容說(shuō)明閱讀理解1.例子題2.推斷題3.檢查與蒙題大法CONTENTS12構(gòu)建知識(shí)圖利用導(dǎo)圖解題3復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)構(gòu)建思維導(dǎo)圖幫你快速了解本節(jié)課主題，清楚注意事項(xiàng)，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)收獲了然于心PART1DREAMOFTHEFUTURE思維導(dǎo)圖體系例子題、推斷題、檢查與蒙題大法的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)PART2DREAMOFTHEFUTURE（一）例子題1、例子題的判斷方法作者提及或引用這個(gè)例子，想說(shuō)明什么,想證明什么？作者為什么提到......說(shuō)到......核心詞：example，illustrate，mention...show，cite2、例子題解題技巧【解題原理】論據(jù)證明論點(diǎn)（即例子證明中心），找到這個(gè)例子的論點(diǎn)就是正確答案了。例子題解題方法

“位置嘗試法”：根據(jù)例子的起始位置，找答案（即論點(diǎn)）的位置。第1步：判斷例子的起始位置。（例子是一句話，幾句話，甚至一整段，都有可能。）第2步：判斷答案的位置。①首先在例子的前1句和后1句找。（翻譯這兩個(gè)句子，如果是答案，就看選項(xiàng)做題，如果不是，擴(kuò)大搜索范圍，看第②步）【注意】由于例子的起始位置不同，找到的例子的前1句和后1句，可能會(huì)跑到前一段或后一段了，這是允許的。②找例子所在段落或相鄰段落的中心句。（然后選答案）③如果段落中心句不好用，就直接看整文章的主旨。（然后選答案）2018北京卷MyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic".

TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s.Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.2018浙江卷In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.

Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.

HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.

DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress

.A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature（二）觀點(diǎn)題1、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的判定常問作者對(duì)某事是什么態(tài)度：主觀（subjective）還是客觀（objecfive）;肯定（positive）還是否定（negative）;贊成（approval）還是反對(duì)（oppsition）等等。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的兩種考法情況一：對(duì)主題的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度情況二：對(duì)具體某事物的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度（1）情況一：對(duì)主題的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度（☆☆☆☆☆）如：（2017全國(guó)2卷）Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.方法：用主旨題的方法。①文章主旨快速定位：最后一段中心句or最后一段最后一句。②通過形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等，確定作者的態(tài)度（2）情況二：對(duì)具體某事物的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度如：（2018天津卷）Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled. B.Concerned. C.Frightened. D.Delighted.方法：用細(xì)節(jié)題的方法。①題干定位②文中定位③分析選項(xiàng)，確定答案3、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的干擾選項(xiàng)在歷年的態(tài)度題中，當(dāng)提到作者的態(tài)度時(shí)候，下列的觀點(diǎn)往往扮演著干擾選項(xiàng)的作用。可以快速排除。不感興趣類：uninterested、unconcerned、indifferent、uncaring不知所措類：confused、puzzled主觀偏激類：biased、prejudice、subjective【注意】?jī)H限于對(duì)文章主題的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。【原因】作者既然已經(jīng)對(duì)這個(gè)主題進(jìn)行了敘述，作者不可能認(rèn)為自己是“偏激的”，是“不知所措的”，既然敘述了這個(gè)主題，也絕對(duì)不可能是“不感興趣”。2017年全國(guó)三卷

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregradually

displaced

byhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources（來(lái)源）forthewolf—

grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被）,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.（三）檢查與蒙題大法檢查的錯(cuò)誤做法：重新讀一遍文章。出現(xiàn)“對(duì)的答案，后來(lái)改錯(cuò)了”的概率大。檢查的正確做法：立即檢查或者跳出文章檢查。檢查與蒙題大法的正確觀念1.會(huì)做的題目用這些方法檢查。檢查效率和正確率會(huì)大大提高。（即用常規(guī)方法解題，用檢查大法來(lái)檢查答案。）2.不會(huì)做題目用來(lái)蒙題，至少比瞎蒙強(qiáng)。3.這些方法往往只能排除選項(xiàng)，而不能一步到位得到正確選項(xiàng)。4.這些方法如果能疊加使用，正確率也會(huì)提高。5.提高對(duì)選項(xiàng)的“敏感度”，是使用這些方法的關(guān)鍵。1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞①絕對(duì)詞否決法：答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的一般不是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語(yǔ)氣詞有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。②選項(xiàng)中含有不十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣詞一般是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語(yǔ)氣詞有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多數(shù)),moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。2018全國(guó)二卷C篇Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality. B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth. D.E-readersareexpensive.BC選項(xiàng)中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，正確答案指B或C中選。2、價(jià)值觀問題。（立德樹人）2018全國(guó)二卷C篇Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthentowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.根據(jù)價(jià)值觀——立德樹人，選項(xiàng)D是可以排除的，選項(xiàng)A的可能性最大。3、聯(lián)鎖答案檢查法2017年全國(guó)三卷D篇32.WhatisthepurposeoftheDrivelAB?A.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.C.Tofindoutolderdriver`sproblems.D.Toteachpeopletrafficrules.33.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?34.Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnewModelElectricCar B.ASolutiontoTrafficProblemC.DrivingServiceforelders D.KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad分析：根據(jù)33和34題，都反復(fù)提到了oldpeople和olderdrivers，以及driving和driver可以推測(cè)，本文章的主題與“車、老人”有關(guān)。所以，35題可以在C、D中選擇。反過來(lái)，再看32題，答案C的可能性最大，因?yàn)榘诉@兩個(gè)因素。4、反義選項(xiàng)二選一2018年北京卷A篇A

month

before

the

marathon,

the

author____________.A.

was

well

trained B.

felt

scaredC.

made

up

his

mind

to

run D.

lost

hope分析：C“決心跑”就是還有希望，和D是“失去希望”，C和D是反義選項(xiàng)：二選一。根據(jù)“價(jià)值觀”的出題原則，C的可能性最大。4、反義選項(xiàng)二選一2014福建卷D篇Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.A.anofficialreportwillsettletheenergyproblemB.thetwopartiesaredividedovertheissueofwindfarmsC.thetwopartieshaveagreedonafurthernegotiationD.politicalbeliefsconcerningenergyissuegoagainstfactsB和C是反義選項(xiàng)，二選一，B：兩個(gè)政黨有分歧，C：兩個(gè)政黨達(dá)成一致5、答案均布規(guī)律【全國(guó)卷15道題】4+4+4+3操作：如最后統(tǒng)計(jì)選項(xiàng)的個(gè)數(shù)，如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)≥6個(gè)或7個(gè)，肯定有答案錯(cuò)了。6、答案相連概率①相鄰兩個(gè)答案完全相同的概率較低，即出現(xiàn)AA，BB，CC，DD。②相鄰三個(gè)答案完全相同的概率為0，即出現(xiàn)AAA，BBB，CCC，DDD。定位句找不到怎么辦？閱讀理解80%題目出題點(diǎn)一、80%題目出題點(diǎn)中心句轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系舉例關(guān)系敏感詞因果關(guān)系比較關(guān)系遞進(jìn)關(guān)系特殊符號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,however等。敏感詞：最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞等特殊符號(hào)：

破折號(hào)：兩個(gè)破折號(hào)，中間不用讀；一節(jié)破折號(hào)后面，80%出題點(diǎn)

冒號(hào)：后面有引號(hào)，沒有結(jié)論，不用讀；沒有引號(hào)，80%出題點(diǎn)

括號(hào)：括號(hào)里面，80%出題點(diǎn)。如何優(yōu)化自己讀文章的過程同時(shí)尋找80%出題點(diǎn)，和定位標(biāo)志，看見就標(biāo)記。讀完，如果有定位標(biāo)志，定位為準(zhǔn)。如果無(wú)定位標(biāo)志，參考80%出題點(diǎn)。2017江蘇卷

Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensiveB.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirmsC.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingpositionD.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproductss80%出題點(diǎn)閱讀理解單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)怎么辦？1、文中單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)①動(dòng)詞不認(rèn)識(shí)：翻譯成“搞、整、弄、干”②名詞不認(rèn)識(shí)：翻譯成“東西”③形容詞、副詞不認(rèn)識(shí)：直接劃掉（這3個(gè)必須認(rèn)識(shí)，否定詞hardly/rarely/seldom幾乎不）2、題干上或選項(xiàng)中的單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)

利用檢查大法中的技巧蒙題；利用各種題型中排除法，如句子題中月亮技巧。PART3DREAMOFTHEFUTURE利用知識(shí)點(diǎn)導(dǎo)圖來(lái)解題高考真題12018北京卷PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

（第1段）Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow..........

（最后1段）Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceof

driverlessvehiclesdoesn't

extendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandsatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.答案1觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題考查作者對(duì)于未來(lái)無(wú)人駕駛的態(tài)度，屬于主旨推理題目。考生可以根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)加以把握，包含文章題目"preparingcitiesforrobotcars"（為無(wú)人駕駛做好準(zhǔn)備），文章第三段大量篇幅闡述無(wú)人駕駛的優(yōu)勢(shì)，以及文章末尾第二句"Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstates…"（即將到來(lái)的技術(shù)進(jìn)度為城市和各個(gè)州帶來(lái)機(jī)會(huì)…）。可知，作者對(duì)未來(lái)十分憧憬。故選B。高考真題22017全國(guó)二卷C篇【倒數(shù)第2段】Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovemmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.【倒數(shù)第1段】MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthosepilotsoflargerplanesTerrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindredativelyeasytomeet.Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.答案2觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段"Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly."中的permit可知，政府對(duì)此持支持的態(tài)度故選B項(xiàng)。高考真題32018江蘇卷C篇Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,smallfarmerscouldn’ttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,