JourneyAcrossaVastLandDiscoverusefulstructuresUnit4

Grammar—Pastparticiplesvsthe-ingform過去分詞和-ing形式Toanalysethedifferenceinusesandmeaningsofpastparticiplesand–ingformsTopracticeusingthepastparticiplesandthe–ingformstocreateadverbialclauses語態及用法主動被動用法動詞-ing形式一般式完成式一般式完成式主語賓語表語定語狀語補語doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone√√√√√√過去分詞done

√√√√1.Thegirlswere________toseesuchanopencountry.Thefarmscoveredaverylargearea,whichwas_________.amazedamazing1.Fillineachblankwiththecorrectformofaverbfromthebox.2.Findthedifferencebetweeneachpairofsentences,payingattentiontothe-edand–ingforms.3.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.seefrightenheadamaze感到……令人……姑娘們看到如此廣袤的國家甚為驚訝。這些農場面積之大令人驚訝。2.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe___________.Doyoufeel___________whengoingintothewildernessalone?frighteningfrightened3._______fromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.________thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolors.SeenSeeing感到……令人……被動主動4._________eastwards,youwillpasstheCanadianRockies.Finally,thecompany--________byitsnewmanager--startedtomakeaprofit.Headingheaded被動主動獨自一人進入荒野令人恐懼。你一個人進入荒野感到恐懼嗎？從山頂往下望，景色令人著迷。我在山頂看風景，被秋天絢爛的色彩深深吸引。往東，你會經過加拿大落基山脈。最終，在新經理的帶領下，公司開始盈利。一、過去分詞作表語與動詞-ing形式的比較。1、過去分詞作表語。【觀察思考】

（1）Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.（2）Thedoorremainedlocked.（3）Hismothergotveryannoyedbecausehecouldn’trecitetheidioms.【探究總結】過去分詞可放在連系動詞be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表語,表示主語所處的情緒或狀態。2、過去分詞作表語與動詞-ing形式的比較。過去分詞與動詞-ing形式作表語的意義區別。【觀察思考】

(1)Wewereamazedtofindthatnoonewashurt.Bytheway,themachineisamazing.(2)Doyoufeelfrightenedwhenwalkinghomealoneinthedark?Walkinghomealoneinthedarkcanbefrightening.【探究總結】過去分詞表示人或物的心情或狀態等,也可以理解為心情或狀態受到外界影響,有“感到……”之意;動詞-ing形式則表示人或物的自身特征,有“令人……”之意。這類詞常見的表達有：

interesting

有趣的—interested

感興趣的

delighting

令人高興的—delighted感到高興的

disappointing令人失望的—disappointed感到失望的

encouraging

令人鼓舞的—encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的—pleased

感到愉快的

puzzling令人費解的—puzzled感到費解的

satisfying令人滿意的—satisfied

感到滿意的

surprising令人驚異的—surprised

感到驚異的

worrying

令人擔心的—worried

感到擔心的

3.過去分詞作表語與被動語態的區別:【觀察思考】Thebookiswellwritten.這本書寫得很好。(系表結構,強調主語所處的狀態)Thebookwaswritten

byMoYan.這本書是莫言寫的。(被動語態,強調主語所承受的動作)【探究總結】

“be+過去分詞”表示狀態時，是系表結構，此時的過去分詞通常已形容詞化;表示動作時,是被動語態,且絕大多數被動結構中的動作執行者由介詞by引出。二、過去分詞作狀語與動詞-ing形式的比較。

1.過去分詞短語作狀語的用法【觀察思考】(1)Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.

=Whenitis

askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.

(2)Scared

ofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.

=Because/Asshewasscaredofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.

(3)Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.

=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.

時間原因條件

(4)Leftathome,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.

=Althoughhewasleft

athome,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.

(5)Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.=

Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewas

followedbyagroupofstudents.讓步方式或伴隨【探究總結】

過去分詞作狀語，可以表示_________、_________、_________、___________、___________和結果，相當于一個狀語從句或and連接的并列結構。其邏輯主語為主句的主語，且與主句主語構成被動關系。時間原因條件讓步方式或伴隨【應用實踐】(1)_______intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.A.FoundingB.FoundedC.FoundD.Itwasfounded(2)

When_____forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.heaskingC.askedD.heasked(3)______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.UsedB.UsingC.ItisusedD.Itisusing2.過去分詞短語作狀語時在句中的位置【觀察思考】(1)Toldthathismotherwasill,LiLeihurriedhome.

(2)Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.

【探究總結】過去分詞短語作條件、原因及時間狀語時,通常放在_______(句首/句末)；作伴隨、結果狀語時,通常放在________(句首/句末)；作方式狀語時,一般放在句末,有時也放在句首;作讓步狀語時,一般放在句首,有時也放在句末。句首句末3.過去分詞作狀語與動詞-ing形式的比較。【觀察思考】

(1)Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.Seeing

thepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.(2)Influenced

byhisexample,theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.

Hesatatthetable,readingamagazine.【探究總結】過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間是被動關系,往往表示完成;動詞-ing形式與其輯主語之間是主動關系,一般表示動作正在進行。【注意】1.過去分詞作狀語,它的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語相一致。e.g.Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.[誤]

Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.

[正]

小偷如果被抓,會受到警方的懲罰。2.過去分詞作狀語時,其前面可以帶有相應的連詞,如when,though,although,asif,if,unless,until,once等,表時間、讓步、條件方式等。e.g.If(Iam)invited,Iwillattendtheweddingofmyfriend.

如果受到邀請,我會參加我朋友的婚禮。v.-ed和v.-ing形式作表語時：v.-ed與其邏輯主語之間是被動關系。v.-ing與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系。v.-ed和v.-ing形式作狀語時：如果句子的主語和分詞是被動關系，時間已經完成用v.-ed形式。如果句子的主語和分詞是主動關系，時間正在發生用v.-ing形式。1.…Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.

(2020新課標全國卷III)2.Oranges:Orangetreesaremorethandecoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes_________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

(2020新課標全國卷II)surroundingdecorated3.Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,

________(say)thatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019全國卷I)4.EarthDay,_______(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.(2019北京)sayingmarked1.

Oneofthewindowsis_________(broke).2._______(look)outofthewindow,wesawacatwalkingalongthewall.3.Helooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.4.Shewas_________(surprise)tofindthefridgeempty;thechildrenhadeateneverything!5._________(build)thirtyyearsago,thehouselooksverybeautiful.6._______(born)inapoorfamily,hehadtoworkwhenhewasyoung.7.Hewalkedslowlyintheforest,________(follow)byadog.8.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.9._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitylookslikeabiggarden.10.________(see)fromthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.1.

Oneofthewindowsis_________(broke).2._______(look)outofthewindow,wesawacatwalkingalongthewall.3.Helooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.4.Shewas_________(surprise)tofindthefridgeempty;thechildrenhadeateneverything!5._________(build)thirtyyearsago,thehouselooksverybeautiful.brokenLookingpuzzledsurprisedBuilt6._______(born)inapoorfamily,hehadtoworkwhenhewasyoung.7.Hewalkedslowlyintheforest,________(follow)byadog.8.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.9._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitylookslikeabiggarden.10.________(see)fromthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.BornfollowedrangingSeeingSeenCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontothedifferentmeaningsofthe-edand–ingforms.boreexcitetiresatisfy1.Webecame________whenthinkingaboutthosebeautifullocationsinFinland.Weexpectedtoexperiencealotof_________thingsthere.excitedexciting想到芬蘭那些美麗的地方我們激動起來。我們期待在那里體驗很多令人激動的事情。2.Wewenttobedassoonaswearrivedatthehotelbecausewewereso______.Theeight-hourtrainridewasquite________.3.Iwasnot_________withthehotel.ItwasnotascleanasIhadexpected.Butwehada__________mealatthehotel'srestaurant,soIfeltabitbetterlateron.4.Itwasraininghardthenextday,sowejuststayedinthehotelandwatchedTV.Sadly,theTVprogramesthatdaywerereally_______.Aswehadnothingelsetodo,wefeltpretty________.tiredtiringboreexcitetiresatisfysatisfiedsatisfyingboringbored由于疲乏，我們一到賓館就上床休息了。長達八小時的火車行程令人疲憊不堪。我對這家賓館不滿意，它的衛生狀況沒有達到我的預期。不過我們在賓館餐廳吃的那頓飯令人滿意，因此后來我感覺好一些了。第二天下起了大雨，因此我們只是待在賓館看電視。不幸的是，當天的電視節目索然無趣。我們無所事事，感覺百無聊賴。Rewritethesentences.Addinformationasnecessary.Whenpeopleaskedthemanwhatthetripmeanttohim,hesaiditwas“anexperienceofalifetime”.Whenaskedwhatthetripmeanttohim,themansaiditwas“anexperienceofalifetime.”1.ButchartGardenswastransformedfroma