中考英語語法知識專題1名詞名詞所有格ppt課件含答案1名詞(一)名詞的分類：名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。它分為專有名詞和普通名詞。類別定義例詞專有名詞表示具體的人名，事物，地名，組織等名稱的詞。China，theGreatWall普通名詞可數個體名詞表個別人或事物的名稱teacher，apple集體名詞表若干人或事物的名稱family，police不可數物質名詞表物質或材料的名稱water，bread抽象名詞表感情等抽象概念的名稱love，knowledge1(二)名詞的數：名詞按事物的性質分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。1．可數名詞：①有復數；②單數前加a/an。2．不可數名詞：①無復數；②不能用a,an修飾。(1)可數名詞復數形式的不規則變化情況構成方法例詞特殊名詞變內部元音man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth單復數同形Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish(中國人和日本人喜愛綿羊、鹿和魚)完全不規則penny—pence，child—children，mouse—mice2國人變復數口訣：中日不變英法變，其余一般s加后面。ChinaChineseChineseJapanJapaneseJapaneseEnglandEnglishmanEnglishmenFranceFrenchmanFrenchmenGermanyGermanGermansAmericaAmericanAmericansAustraliaAustralianAustraliansIndiaIndianIndiansCanadaCanadianCanadiansItalyItalianItaliansBrazilBrazilianBraziliansSingaporeSingaporeanSingaporeansKoreaKoreanKoreans3(2)可數名詞復數形式的規則變化情況構成方法例詞(口訣)以f或fe結尾一般變f,fe為v再加-es樹葉(leaf)半數(half)自己(self)黃，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去殺狼(wolf)，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。以o結尾四個單詞加-es，其余加-s英雄(hero)和黑人(Negro)喜歡吃西紅柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)以輔音字母＋y結尾變y為i再加-esbaby—babies，city—cities，dictionary—dictionaries(monkey—monkeys“元音字母＋y”直接加－s)以s，x,ch，sh等結尾加-esbus—buses，box—boxes，watch—watches，wish—wishes一般情況加-sbook—books，table—tables4(3)不可數名詞：分為抽象名詞和物質名詞，表數量時要用“基數詞或不定冠詞＋量詞＋of＋不可數名詞”，注意of后的名詞只能用原形。如：apieceofnews,twopiecesofbread。物質名詞食物bread，meat，rice，cheese，fish，beef飲料water，tea，coffee，wine，milk，cola自然物質wood，sand，soil，air抽象名詞情感friendship，peace，joy，love概念news，population學科，語言maths，physics，geography，English5名詞的形容詞轉換：n．＋y

rain—rainy

cloud—cloudy

sun—sunny

luck—lucky

health—healthyn．＋ful

use—useful

harm—harmful

beauty—beautiful

care—careful

wonder—wonderful

thank—thankfuln．＋less

useless

care—careless

help—helplessn．＋ly

friend—friendly

love—lovely

month—monthlyn．＋n

Asia—Asian

America—American

Australia—Australiann．＋en

wool—woolen

wood—wooden

gold—golden6(三)名詞考點1．集體名詞：family，people，crowd，class，police(1)指整體時，視為單數，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。(2)指成員時，視為復數，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。Herfamilyis(be)verybig.她家是一個大家庭。Herfamilyare(be)footballfans.她全家人都是足球迷。72．man，woman作定語修飾名詞時，當表示復數意義時，man,woman及所修飾的名詞均要用復數形式。如：menteachers，womenteachers。其余只有后一個名詞用復數如：boystudents，girlstudents,appletrees。3．短語“a/this/thatpairof＋復數名詞”作主語時，動詞用單數。Howmuchis(be)thispairofshoes?Thatpairofpantsis(be

)mine.4．“名詞＋介詞(with/except...)＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數由介詞前的名詞決定。Lucywithherfriendsgoes(go)totheparkeverySunday.85．表時間、金錢、距離的名詞作主語時，視為一個整體，謂語動詞用單數。Tenyearsis(be)averylongtime.6．?？嫉牟豢蓴得~room＝space空間；空地Thereisnoroomtoputthedeskhere.news，information，advice，weather，music，pollution,population...7．exercise作不可數名詞，意為“鍛煉”。作可數名詞意為“練習；操”。’sgoodforourhealth.Doingmoreeyeexercisesisgoodforoureyesight.Togethighscoresweshoulddomanymathexerciseseveryday.9名詞所有格(一)名詞所有格表示人或物的隸屬和所有關系，有兩種表示形式：1．有生命的名詞后加-'s。2．無生命的名詞后加of介詞短語。類型構成方法例詞有生命的名詞(人或動物)在詞尾加-'sTony'spen以-s結尾的名詞只加-'thestudents'textbooksTeachers’Day不規則復數名詞在詞尾加-'sWomen'sDayChildren'sDay兩人共同擁有某物用AandB'sLucyandLily'smother兩人分別擁有某物用A'sandB'sLucy'sandLily'sbeds無生命的名詞時間、距離……在詞尾加-'s或-'twentyminutes'walk

today'snewspaper其他用“of＋名詞”結構aphotoofmyfamily雙重所有格of＋-'s所有格afriendofhermother'sof＋名詞性物主代詞afriendofmine10(二)名詞所有格考點1．表幾十分鐘的路程的短語：tenminutes'walk＝aten－minutewalk2．雙重所有格和一般所有格的區別：aphotoofmysister's(照片屬于我姐姐，但照片上的人不一定是我姐姐)；aphotoofmysister(照片上的人是我姐姐)3．名詞所有格表住宅，學校，店鋪，診所(這些名詞常省略)theGreen’s格林一家atthedoctor’s在診所11考點一名詞的分類1．(2016·中考改編)Thestudentsdidn'tfindmuch________aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.(

)A.report B．article

C．information2．(2016·中考改編)—Lookatmystamps.—Theyareverybeautiful!You’vegotawonderful__________.(

)A.instruction B．description

C．collection3．(2016·中考改編)—MyfavoriteTV________isA

Bite

of

China(舌尖上的中國)．—Ilikeit,too.Mymotheroftencooksdeliciousfoodafterwatchingit.(

)A.guidebook B．program

C．instructionCCB124．(2016·中考改編)─Someonecalledyoujustnow.—Iknow.ButIwasbusyatthattime.WhenIcalledback,therewasno________.(

)A.voice B．sound

C．answer5．(2016·中考改編)Hewillhavetowatchhis________becauseofhisseriousstomachproblem.(

)A.style B．diet

C．smell6．(2016·中考改編)TheChinesesaying“Atreecan’tmakeaforest”tellsusthat________isveryimportantinafootballmatch.(

)A．ability B．decision

C．teamworkCBC137．(2016·中考改編)—Astudyshowsthatgoodhabitsplayaveryimportant________inchildren’seducation.—Ithinkso.(

)A.sense B．part

C．reason8．(2016·中考改編)—Therearealotof________ofbikeriding.—Iagree.It’sgoodfortheenvironmentanditsavesmoney.(

)A．instructions B．instruments

C．advantagesBC14考點二名詞的數1．(2016·中考改編)—Mum,I’veheardthatwecan’teat________thesedays.Isittrue?—Takeiteasy.Itissafetoeatcookedmeat.(

)A.chickens B．chicken

C．achicken2．(2016·中考改編)—Ihavegreat________infinishingtheworkbymyself.Canyouhelpme?—Noproblem.(

)A.fun B．success

C．difficultyBC153．(2016·中考改編)AtnightinZunyi,wecanseemanycolorfullightsonboth________ofthestreets.(

)A.sides B．side

C．side’s4．(2016·中考改編)I’mhappytoseegreat________havetakenplaceinmyhometown.Manynewroadshavebeenbuilt.(

)A.experiences

B．changes

C．dreams5．(2016·中考改編)Beinghonestisthefirst________

ifyouwanttomakefriendswithothers.(

)A.step B．time

C．handABA16考點三名詞所有格1．(2016·中考改編)Tom’swatchisthesameashis________.(

)A.brother B．brothers

C．brother’s2．(2016·中考改編)—WhydidtheyhelpMrs.Brownwithherwork?—Becauseshewas________.(

)A．anoldfriendofthemB．agoodfriendoftheirsC．thefriendofthemCB173．(2016·中考改編)Idon’tthinkdoinghouseworkisjust________

work.(

)A.woman B．women’s

C．women4．(2016·中考改編)________motherisn’tathome,andshehastraveledaboard.(

)A.AliceandLily’s B.Alice’sandLily’s C.Alice’sandLily5．(2016·中考改編)—Howfarisitfromheretothepolicestation?—It’sabout________

ride.(

)A.fortyminute B.fortyminutes C.fortyminutes’6．(2016·中考改編)________fatherscan’tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness.(

)A.JackandMike’s B.Jack’sandMike’s C.Jack’sandMikeBACB18adviceexercisesportsEight-year-oldFrenchGermansCACCCA19第三篇語法知識專題第八節副詞(一)副詞的功能：修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞功能例子修飾動詞Theboyrunsquickly.修飾形容詞Thestoryisreallyinteresting.修飾副詞Youcandoitquitewell.(二)副詞的種類副詞分類例子時間副詞soon,now,early,finally,once,recently頻度副詞always,usually,often,frequently,seldom,hardly,never地點副詞here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑問副詞how,where,when,why方式副詞hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really連接副詞how,when,where,why,whether,however，meanwhile程度副詞almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather關系副詞when,where,why(三)副詞考點感官動詞feel，sound，look，smell，taste等后跟形容詞，不用副詞。Thispieceofmusicsoundswell.(錯題，應把well改為good)考點一副詞分類及用法1．(2016·中考改編)InChinaitisacustomtogivekidsluckymoney，________duringtheSpringFestival.(

)A．finally

B．luckily C．especially2．(2016·中考改編)Ifyoudon'twork________enough，Idon'tthinkyourdreamwillcome________

.(

)A．hardly;truly B．hardly;true C．hard;true3．(2016·中考改編)I________gotothetheater，becauseIdon'tlikeoperasatall.(

)A．always B．often

C．neverCCC4．(2016·中考改編)How________thechildrenareplaying！Theyevenforgetthetimetogohome!(

)A．happy B．happily

C．unhappy5．(2016·中考改編)Sometimesitrains________inXi'aninsummer.(

)A