2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（19）PassageThirty--Seven(TheSecondWaveofFeminism)

ThestatisticsI’vecitedandthelivingexamplesarealltoofamiliartoyou.Butwhatmaynotbesofamiliarwillbetheincreasingnumberofwomenwhoarelookingactivelyforadvancementofforanewjobinyouroffices.Thiswomanmaybeequippedwithprofessionalskillsandperhapsvaluableexperience,shewillnotbecontenttobeExecutiveAssistanttoMr.SeldomSeenoftheAssistantVicePresident’sGirlFriday,whoistheonlyonewhocomesinonSaturday.

SheisthesymbolofwhatIcalltheSecondWaveofFeminism.Sheisthemodernwomanwhoisdeterminedtobe.

Herforerunnerwastheradicalfeministwhointerpretedhertrappedpositionasafemaleasoppressionbythemasterclassofmen.Men,shebelieved,hadcreatedadomestic,servileroleforwomeninorderthatmencouldhavethecareerandtheopportunitytoparticipateinmakingthegreatdecisionsofsociety.Thustheradicalfeministheldthatwomenthroughhistoryhadbeenoppressedanddehumanized,mainlybecausemanchosetoexploithiswifeandthemotherofhischildren.Sometimesitwasdeliberateexploitationandsometimesitwastheinnocenceofneverlookingbeneaththepretensionsoflife.

Theradicalfeministsfoundstrengthinbandingtogether.Comingtorecognizeeachotherforthefirsttime,theycouldexploretheirownidentities,realizetheirownpower,andviewthemaleandhissystemasthecommonenemy.Thefirstphasesoffeminisminthelastfiveyearsoftentookonthismilitant,class-warfaretone.BettyFriedan,GloriaSteinem,GermaineGreer,andmanyothershammeredhometheirideaswithapersistencethatarousedandintriguedmanyofthebrightestandmostablewomeninthecountry.Consciousness-raisinggroupsallowedwomentoexploreboththeiridentitiesandtheirdreams—andthetwowereoftenfoundindirectconflict.WhatisthestereotypedroleofAmericanwomen?Marriage,ason,twodaughters,breakfast,ironing,lunch,bowling,maybeagardencluboffortheverydaring,non-creditcoursesinceramics.Perhapsanoccasionalcocktailparty.Dinner.FootballorbaseballonTV.Eachdaythesame.Neveranygrowthinexpectations—unlessitisgrowthbecausethehusbandhassucceeded.Theinevitablequestion:“Isthatallthereistolife?”Therapidgrowthofmanyfeministorganizationsatteststothefactthattheseradicalfeministshadtouchedsomevitalnerves.Themagazine“Ms.”wasbornintheyearofthedeathofthemagazine“Life.”Buttoooftentheconsciousness-raisingsessionsbecameendsinthemselves.Toooftensexismreverseditselfandman-hatingwasencouraged.Manyhadbeenwiththemalechauvinist.Itisnotdifficult,therefore,todetectatrendtowardmoderation.Consciousness-raisingincreasinglyisregardedasameanstoindependenceandfulfillment,ratherthanaceremonyoffulfillmentitself.Genuineindependencecanberealizedthroughcompetence,throughfindingacareer,throughtheuseofeducation.Rememberthatformanydecadestheeducationofwomenwasnotsupposedtobeuseful.1.Whatwasthemainideaofthispassage?A.TheSecondWaveofFeminist.

B.Women’sIndependentSpirits.C.TheUnityofWomen.

D.TheActionofUnion.2.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardtheradical?A.Hesupporteditwholeheartedly.

B.Heopposeditstrongly.C.Hedisapprovedtosomeextent.

D.Heignoreditcompletely.3.Whatdoestheword“militant”mean?A.Aggressive.

B.Ambitions.

C.Progressive.

D.Independent.4.Whatwastheradicalfeminist’sviewpointaboutthemale?A.Womenwereexploitedbythemale.B.Womenwereindependentofthemale.C.Women’slivesweredeprivedbythemale.D.Themaleweretheircommonenemy.Vocabulary1.

trapped

被誘入圈套的，陷阱2.

servile

屈從的，奴隸的，奴性的3.

dehumanized

使失去人/個性的4.

pretension

要求，權(quán)利，借口5.

lookbeneath

看到下面6.

bandtogether

緊密團結(jié)在一起7.

explore

探索，考察8.

phase

階段，方面，形式9.

class-warfare

階級斗爭10.

hammerhome

硬性灌輸

hammerhomeanideaintosb.

硬向某人灌輸某種觀念11.

intrigue

使著迷，密謀，用詭計取得12.

stereotype

固定不變的，陳規(guī)舊習的13.

attest

證明，證實，表明14.

chauvinist

沙文主義者，男子至上主義這15.

moderation

（政治，宗教上）穩(wěn)健中庸，緩和16.

fulfillment

臻于完善，發(fā)揮潛在能力17.

sexism

性別歧視（常指其實婦女）18.

beindependentof

獨立于……之外，不受……控制/支配難句譯注1.ShewillnotbecontenttobeExecutiveAssistanttoMr.SeldomSeenoftheAssistantVicePresident’sGirlFriday,whoistheonlyonewhocomesinonSaturday.這是作者杜撰的名字，含有諷刺內(nèi)涵。Mr.SeldomSeen很少見到的先生。說明公司很難見到他。那么做他的助手就是她替他干一切活。星期五姑娘。星期五是《魯濱遜漂流記》中的一個人物，是魯濱遜的仆人。這位星期六休假日來上班的姑娘，當然得干主人的一切活。[參考譯文]

她不會滿意做“很少見”先生的助手，也不愿做助理副主席的星期五姑娘，那位姑娘是唯一的一個星期六來上班的人。2.Men,shebelieved,hadcreatedadomestic,servileroleforwomeninorderthatmencouldhavethecareerandtheopportunitytoparticipateinmakingthegreatdecisionsofsociety.[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析]

shebelieved形式上插入語，實際Men句是它的賓語從句。Inorderthat義：為的是。目的狀語。[參考譯文]

她認為男人為婦女創(chuàng)制了一個持家操勞的奴隸角色，為的是男人可以獲得事業(yè)和機遇參與決定重大的社會抉擇。3.Thustheradicalfeministheldthatwomenthroughhistoryhadbeenoppressedanddehumanized,mainlybecausemanchosetoexploithiswifeandthemotherofhischildren.Sometimesitwasdeliberateexploitationandsometimesitwastheinnocenceofneverlookingbeneaththepretensionsoflife.[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析]

兩句句子。前一句的賓語為主從句，后為并列句。[參考譯文]

于是，激進女權(quán)主義者認為綜觀歷史，婦女一直是被壓迫被奴役，被非人化，主要原因就是因為男人就是想剝削他的妻子、孩子們的母親。有時是有意的剝削；有時是由于沒有透過生活的假象看到問題的實質(zhì)，是無知所致。4.BettyFriedan,GloriaSteinem,GermaineGreer,andmanyothershammeredhometheirideaswithapersistencethatarousedandintriguedmanyofthebrightestandmostablewomeninthecountry.[參考譯文]

BettyFriedan，GloriaSteinem，GermaineGreer，以及其他許多激進女權(quán)主義者堅持不懈的強行灌輸（推行）他們的思想，幻想并吸引了國內(nèi)無數(shù)最聰容，最能干的婦女。寫作方法與文章大意文章論述“爭取女權(quán)運動的婦女”，也可以說是女權(quán)運動的第二次浪潮。作者從歷史上的女權(quán)運動激進分子觀點談起：婦女為男人所奴役，剝削。因為男的想獨攬決策社會的大權(quán)，到女子覺醒，認識自己和自己的力量，把男人視作她們共同的敵人。最后是目前向緩沖發(fā)展的趨勢，也是作者觀點。答案詳解1.A.第二次女權(quán)運動的浪潮。在第一段，一般性描述之后（見難句譯注1），作者畫龍點睛的指明“她就是我所指的第二次女權(quán)運動浪潮的象征。她是決心要成為的現(xiàn)代婦女的代表。”以后的文章就是圍繞女權(quán)運動而寫的。見文章大意。B.婦女的獨立精神。這只是女權(quán)運動中部分內(nèi)容。C.婦女團結(jié)。第三段一開始就提到“激進女權(quán)主義者發(fā)現(xiàn)了緊密團結(jié)在一起的力量。”也是女權(quán)運動的部分內(nèi)容。D.團結(jié)運動。2.C.有點不贊成。這在最后兩段表現(xiàn)的最為明顯：“許多女權(quán)運動組織迅速發(fā)展證明這些激進爭取女權(quán)的人觸到了某些活躍的神經(jīng)。（非常活躍）。Ms雜志就在《生活》停刊那年誕生。可是喚起覺醒的會議常常成為這些活動的目的。性別歧視（歧視婦女）也常常顛倒過來并且提倡憎恨男人。許多人曾是男權(quán)至上主義者。”“因此，察覺向平和中的趨向發(fā)展并不難。提高覺悟的做法越來越被認為是獨立與成就的方式，而不是慶賀成就本身的儀式。真正的獨立是能夠通過能力，通過尋找一份事業(yè)，通過應(yīng)用教育加以實現(xiàn)。要記住，幾十年來，婦女教育被認為是無用的。”如果是倒數(shù)第二段是作者對激進分子有點批評，不滿的態(tài)度的表現(xiàn)，那么最后一段就是作者的觀點：獨立是靠塌實工作，提高婦女自身的能力來實現(xiàn)的。A.他全心全意的擁護。

B.他強烈反對。不完全如此。

D.他完全忽視不顧。3.A.好斗的。（斗爭性強的）。第三段第三句：“在最近5年中女權(quán)運動首要方面常常具有這種好斗的階級斗爭調(diào)子。”B.野心的。

C.進步的。

D.獨立的。4.D.男人是她們共同的敵人。第三段：“激進女權(quán)運動分子在緊密團結(jié)中找到了力量。第一次她們認識了自己，她們可以探索自我，意識到她們的力量，把男人及其制度視為她們共同的敵人。”A.婦女為男人們所剝削。這在第三段中講到，見難句譯注3。這是婦女觀點中具體內(nèi)容之一。也是為什么說男人及制度是她們共同敵人的原因之一。

B.婦女不受男人支配。

C.男人剝奪了女人生活。PassageThirty--Eight(TheResultoftheFallingUSDollar)

Likeatickingtimebomb,thefallingdollarhasgrabbedtheattentionofJapanandWestGermany,forcingthemtoconsideradoptingeconomicpolicestheUnitedStatesadvocates.TernmentwantsthedollartofallbecauseasthedollardeclinesinvalueagainsttheyenandDeutschemark,.paniesthensellmoreathomeandabroad,and.tradedeficitdeclines.Criesfortradeprotectionabate,andtheglobalfree-tradesystemispreserved.

Then,thecheaperdollarmakesitcheaperformanyforeigninvestorstosnapup.stocks.Thatpromptsheavybuyingfromabroad—especiallyfromJapan.Also,ifthetradepictureisimproving,panieseventuallywillbemorecompetitive.Consequently,paniesinanticipationofbetterprofitsinthenextyearorso.Butthatisaratherfaddishnotionrightnow;ifcorporateearningsaredisappointingininterestrates,thestockmarketrallycouldstall.

Ipetitivenessmeansadeclineinanother’scompetitiveness.

JapanandWestGermanyarevergingonrecession.Theirexport-orientedeconomiesarefacingmajorproblems.JapanisworriedaboutthedamagethestrongyenwilldotoJapanesetrade.WestGermanyisalsoworried.SharepricesinFrankfurtplummetedthispastweek.Bonnisthoughttobeconsideringacutininterestratestoboostitseconomy.

Couldthefallingdollargetoutofhand?Ifthedollarfallstoofar,investorsmightloseconfidencein.investments—especiallythegovernmentbondmarket.Themoneytofinance

thefederalbudgetandtradedeficitscouldmigrateelsewhere.Inflationcouldflareup,too,sinceJapaneseandGermanmanufacturerswilleventuallypassalongpricehikes—paniesmightfollowsuittoincreasetheirprofitmargins.The.federalReservethenmightneedtostepinandstabilizethedollarbyraisinginterestrates.Andhigherinterestratescouldcausethe.economytoslowdownandendtheWallStreetRally.Worriedaboutthesesideeffects,FederalReservechairmanPaulVolcherhassaidthedollarhasfallenfarenough.Whatistheequilibriumlevel?Probablynearwhereitisorslightlylower.Italldependsonwhenthe.tradedeficitturnsaroundorifinvestorsdefectfrom.TreasuryBonds.“Itrequiresagooddealofpoliticalpatienceonthepartofthe.Congress,”saysDr.Cline,“Andtheremustbeanexpectationofpatienceonthepartofprivateinvestors.Thechancearerelativelygoodthatwewillavoidaninvestorbreakorpanic.”1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Theimpressionofthefalling.dollar.B.Theresultofthe.fallingdollar.C.Thesideeffectof.fallingdollar.D.JapanandWestGermanyareworriedabout.fallingdollar.2.Whatdoestheword“rally”mean?A.prosperity.

B.decline.

C.richness.

D.import.3.WhyareJapanandWestGermanyworriedaboutthefallingdollar?A.Becausethefallingdollarmaycauseinflationintheircountries.B.Becauseitmayforcethemtosellalotof,stocks.C.Becauseitmaydodamagetotheirtrade.D.BecauseitmaymakeJapanesecompanylesscompetitive.4.If

dollar-fallinggotoutofhand,andthe.FederalReservemightstepin,whatwouldhappen?A.Theprosperityofthe.economywoulddisappear.B.The.economymightfaceseriousproblems.C.Investorsmightloseconfidencein.investments.couldflareup.Vocabulary1.

ticking

滴答作響的2.

grab

抓住3.

abate

減弱4.

snapup

爭購，搶購5.

heavybuying

大量買進6.

export-oriented

以出口為方向的7.

inanticipationof

期待，預(yù)期8.

faddish

一時流行的9.

spree

無節(jié)制的瘋狂行為10.

buyingspree

狂購亂買11.

plummet

垂直落下，驟然跌落，暴跌12.

stall

停滯13.

verge

處于……邊緣14.

vergingonrecession

正處于衰退的邊緣15.

boost

振興，吹捧16.

bondmarket

債券市場17.

flareup

突然閃耀，發(fā)火，爆發(fā)18.

hike

提高，增加19.

followsuit

照著做，跟出同花色的牌20.

profitmargin

利潤幅度21.

stepin

介入22.

rally

繁榮23.

equilibrium

平衡，均勢24.

defect

逃跑，開小差25.

breakorpanic

崩潰或大恐慌

難句譯注1.

criesfortradeprotection

貿(mào)易保護的呼聲2.

theglobalfr