2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（10）PassageNineteen(TV’sHarmfulness)Yes,butwhatdidweusetodobeforetherewastelevision?Howoftenwehearstatementslikethis!Televisionhasn’tbeenwithusallthatlong,butwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwaslikewithoutit.Beforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomes,weneverfounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilizedpleasures.Forinstance,weusedtohavehobbies,weusedtoentertainourfriendsandbeentertainedbythem,weusedtogooutsideforouramusementstotheatres,cinemas,restaurantsandsportingevents.Weevenusedtoreadbooksandlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allthatbelongstothepast.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythegogglebox.Werushhomeorgulpdownourmealstobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengivenupsittingattableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmeal,exchangingthenewsoftheday.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldo–anything,providingitdoesn’tinterferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsandobtainsabsolutesilenceandattention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouthduringaprogramme,heisquicklysilenced.Wholegenerationsaregrowingupaddictedtothetelly.Foodisleftuneaten,homeworkundoneandsleepislost.Thetellyisauniversalpacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformothertokeepthechildrenquietbyputtingthemintheliving-roomandturningontheset.Itdoesn’tmatterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsorspectaclesofsadismandviolence–solongastheyarequiet.Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld.Everyday,televisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativework.Thatiswhymostoftheprogrammesaresobad:itisimpossibletokeeppacewiththedemandandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthesameprogrammes,thewholeworldbecomesavillage,andsocietyisreducedtotheconditionswhichobtaininpreliteratecommunities.Webecomeutterlydependentonthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:picturesandthespokenword.Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontentwithsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairswatchingothersworking.Littlebylittle,televisioncutsusofffromtherealworld.Wegetsolazy,wechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darkness,gluedtooursets,ratherthangooutintotheworlditself.Televisionmaybessplendidmediumofcommunication,butitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother.Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistoreallivingwhenwespendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountains,farawayfromcivilization.Inquiet,naturalsurroundings,wequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotictyrannyofKingTelly.1.WhatisthebiggestharmofTV?A.Itdeprivespeopleofcommunicationwiththerealworld.B.Peoplebecomelazy.C.Peoplebecomedependentonsecond-handexperience.D.TVconsumesalargepartofone’slife.2.InwhatwaycanpeopleforgetTV?A.Farawayfromcivilization.B.Toamountain.C.Bythesea.D.Inquietnaturalsurroundings.3.Whatdoesamotherusuallydotokeepherchildrenquiet?A.Letthemwatchtheset.B.Puttheminthelivingroom.C.Letthemwatchtherubbish.D.Letthemalone.4.Whatdoesthefirstsentenceinthefirstparagraphmean?A.Wefounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.B.WebecomeaddictedtoTV.C.Whatweusedtodoisdifferentfromnow.D.Weusedtoenjoycivilizedpleasures.Vocabulary

轉動眼珠，瞪眼

gogglebox

（英俚）電視機

狼吞虎咽

電視機

平息者，撫慰者。這里指平靜人，使人不吱聲的東西。

垃圾的，無價值的

施淫虐

膠（水）；粘牢

gluetothesets

和電視機粘在一起，指成了電視迷

催眠的難句譯注1.Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld.【參考譯文】世界上可以獲得的創造性才能的數量是有限的。寫作方法與文章大意這是一篇論說“電視有害”的文章。采用對比分析手法。先提出問題，對比過去和現在“過去在業余時間，我們享受文明的歡樂，有各種嗜好，招待朋友，訪友，外出娛樂，在家讀書聽音樂……現在一切受電視支配。匆忙趕回家，狼吞虎咽地吃完飯為的是準時看某個電視節目。只要不干擾節目，吃什么都可以！一塊三明治，一杯啤酒就行。看時，誰都不許說話，完全沒有了過去的那種悠閑，坐在一起吃晚飯，相互交談白天的一切。”然后列出電視種種惡果：整個幾代人成了電視迷，連孩子也不能幸免，電視消耗了大量的創造性工作，人們成為以來電視生存的人，被動娛樂，制止我們和真實世界交流。最后結論：到大自然去，忘掉電視。答案詳解它剝奪了人們和真實世界的聯系。文章多次提到現在我們不能探親訪友，一家人互不交流，而一旦離開電視就進入了真是世界。B.人變懶。C.人們變得依賴二手經驗。D.電視浪費了人生的大量時間。這三項只是危害重具體一個組成部分。在安寧的大自然的懷抱中。答案在最后一段最后一句“在安詳寧靜的大自然環境中，我們很快發現我們對催眠的電視暴君連想都不怎么想！”A.遠離文明。B.去山上。C.在海邊。叫他們看電視。這在第二段第三句起“電視是一個萬能安靜器。母親為使孩子們安靜，就把他們放在起居室內，打開電視看。這是現在最權威的一招。至于孩子們看的使垃圾般的商業廣告，還是施淫虐或暴力片都無關緊要，只要他們安靜不鬧。”B.把他們擱在起居室。C.讓他們看垃圾片。都是其中的具體一部分。D.讓他們呆著。沒有提到。我們都成了電視迷。第一句“是的，可是沒有電視之前，我們常干些什么？”這說明人們已經習慣于電視，以來電視，到了沒有電視怎么辦的境地。不知道沒有電視前的情況。第二段“整個幾代人越來越迷上了電視，飯不吃，家務不干，不睡覺。”可以說整篇文章都描寫了人們對電視迷戀，依賴。第一句話是引言。所以B對。A.難以消遣。只是人們的一種感受。C.過去和現在不同。是一種對比，并沒有點出這句話的真正內涵。D.享受文明歡樂。是過去所作的一個具體例子。PassageTwenty(TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControl)TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto_________.A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers.B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment.C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad.D.developmorequicklythanatpresent.NorwegianGovernmenthastriedto_________.A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources.B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway.C.helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems.D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize.tothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto_________.A.thedevelopmentofindustry.B.agrowthinpopulation.C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme.D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns.thesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe_________.A.alargereductiononunemployment.B.agrowthinthetouristindustry.C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries.D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries.farmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause_________.A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal.B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal.C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety.D.theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Vocabulary

挪威的；挪威人

海岸線

承認；認識；贊賞

鄉下；鄉民難句譯注newlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.【結構簡析】用兩個分號連接三句句子。【參考譯文】一條新的法律限制人們僅在長長的海岸線南端以南地區進行勘探考察；規定了石油生產限量（雖然已提高）；石油公司雇傭外國工人不許超出限定額。nearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.【參考譯文】由于將近百分之一百就業率，每個人都能看出形式發展中服務行業和旅游行業的大部分工人會跑到石油工業方面去。andfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseN