選擇性必修四Unit3Careerandskills知識點教案Teachingobjectives1.知識目標：學生能夠掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義2.技能目標：學生能夠掌握本單元詞匯的基本運用3.情感目標：學生能夠更有信心學習英語Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義2.掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義Teachingprocedures：I.短語背誦oneofthemostfrequentlyaskedquestions最常被問到的問題之一notleast特別，尤其enablesb.todosth.使某人能夠做某事befinanciallyindependent經濟獨立jointhelabourforce加入勞動大軍itcouldbearguedthat...可以說……begearedtoward...旨在；適合……preparesb.forsth.使某人為某事做好準備earnaliving(=makealiving)謀生bynomeans絕不，一點也不attainone'sgoal達成目標achieveone'sdream實現夢想inthedirectionof朝……的方向endeavortodosth.努力做某事meetwith遭遇;獲得incommonhours在平常的時刻one'spassionfor..某人對……的熱愛beengagedinsth.忙于……，從事于……befondof喜愛givesb.agreatsenseofachievement/satisfaction給某人一種巨大的成就感/滿足感develop/practise/acquireaskill發展/練習/獲得技能provideroomforpersonalgrowth為個人成長提供空間excelinsth..在……方面出類拔萃，擅長……keepup(with)跟上，(與……)并駕齊驅affordtodosth.承擔得起做某事besatisfiedwith對……滿意besatisfiedwiththestatusquo滿足于現狀adapt(oneself)to(使自己)適應……bereadytodosth.準備好做某事bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事addtooursenseofachievement增加我們的成就感contributeto促成，造成atthemostbasiclevel在最基本的層面上functionproperly正常運轉besuperiorto優于……haveprejudiceagainst對……有偏見makecontributions做貢獻choosetodosth.選擇做某事stepoutofone'scomfortzone走出某人的舒適區commitoneselftodoingsth.致力于做某事workforthebenefitofothers為他人的利益而工作bedevotedtodoingsth.致力于做某事bringsuccessto為……帶來成功layout鋪開，展開beworthdoing值得做makealifeforsb.為某人創造生活takepridein為……感到自豪beessentialfor/to對……必不可少asawhole作為一個整體,總體上accordingto根據，按照belikelytodosth.可能做某事itseemsthat..似乎……beabouttodosth.即將做某事resultin造成，導致placeemphasisonsth.強調/重視某事takeadvantageof利用meetaneed滿足需要attachimportanceto重視……，認為……很重要asaresult因此,結果interactwith與……互動sharpenourabilitytoadapt提高我們的適應能大onthewhole總的說來，大體上，基本上ingeneral總的說來，從總體上看II.知識梳理1.Somemightsaythatweworkbecausewehaveto,notleastbecauseweneedthesalarythatenablesustobefinanciallyindependent.有人可能會說，我們工作是因為我們必須工作，尤其是因為我們需要薪水來實現經濟獨立。notleast尤其，特別Thisapplies,notleast,todogs.這尤其適用于狗。◆語塊積累atleast至少，不少于lastbutnotleast最后但同等重要的是notintheleast一點也不；絲毫不Myunclehasn'tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehascutdown.我叔叔沒能戒煙，但至少他減少了吸煙的量。◆完成句子①Indeed,ittendstogrow,__________(尤其)becauseemployeesarekeen.②Really,I'm__________(一點也不)tired.③Thegrassneedstobecut__________(至少)onceaweekinsummer.④__________(最后但同等重要的是),I'dliketothankallthecateringstaff.salaryn.薪金，薪水Iwouldn'tworkforthemeveniftheypaidmetwicemycurrentsalary.即使他們給我兩倍于現在的薪水，我也不會為他們工作。◆語塊積累anannualsalaryof￡40,00040000英鎊的年薪netmonthlysalary凈月薪atenpercentsalaryincrease加薪10%onquiteagood/decentsalary薪水相當豐厚ona/onesmallsalary薪水微薄takeadropinsalary接受較低薪水◆詞語辨析:salary,pay與wage三者都可用作名詞，都可譯為“工資，薪水”。salary一般指機關單位官員、職員和管理人員的薪金，一般按年計算，分月或半月發放。Thegovernmenthasdecidedtoincreasesalariesforallpublicservants.政府已決定給所有公務員加薪。pay指不論工作性質如何，針對勞動所支付的報酬，它包含salary和wage(s)，為不可數名詞。Hedoesn'tlikethejob，butthepayisgood.他不喜歡那份工作，但薪水不錯。wage一般指工人或服務人員等體力勞動者的工資或工錢，通常按周、日、小時計算發放。Heworksatawageof10dollarsaweek.他以每周10美元的工資工作。◆單句語法填空⑤Toherrelief,sheretiredat50_________afullsalary.⑥It'snotbyanymeans_________brilliantsalarybutit'sadequateforourneeds.2.Itiscertainlytruethatmostofusdojointhelabourforceonceourstudiesarecompleted.的確，我們中的大多數人一完成學業就加入了勞動大軍。labourn.勞工；勞動，(尤指)體力勞動；分娩期，分娩vi努力做；干苦力活(1)Thepricewillincludethelabourandmaterials.此價格中將包含人工費和材料費。(2)Janewasinlabourfortwohours.簡分娩花了兩個小時。(3)Hewasinhisstudylabouringawayoversomeoldpapers.他在書房里潛心研究一些舊材料。◆語塊積累(1)LabourDay勞工節manual/mentallabour體力/腦力勞動fruitsofone'slabours勞動成果labourforce(全公司或全國的)勞動力Hesaysthereductionofthelabourforcecouldbesignificant.他說勞動力的縮減可能是顯著的。(2)labourpains分娩時的陣痛gointolabour開始分娩inlabour分娩中labourtodosth.努力做某事askilled/anunskilledlabourforce熟練/非熟練工人◆單句語法填空①Thecarpartsthemselvesarenotexpensive;it's________labourthatcoststhemoney.②Shewent________labourattwelveo'clocklastnight.③HetravelledaroundEurope________(labour)topayhisway.④Threehoursaftertheexplosion,rescueteamswerestilllabouring________(free)thosetrapped.⑤Morethan2,000workers________(labour)nearly22yearstocompletetheconstruction.3However,earningalivingisbynomeanstheonlyreasonwhywework...然而，謀生絕不是我們工作的唯一原因…….earnaliving謀生Youcan'texpecttoearnaliving(=bepaidenoughmoneytoliveon)fromyourpainting.你不能指望靠畫畫來維持生計。◆語塊積累makealiving謀生，度日earn/makeone'sliving謀生，度日◆完成句子Onlandwithrichsoil,localfarmerscangrowcrops__________(謀生).4.Throughtheworkwedo,ourgoalscanbeattainedandourdreamsachieved.通過我們所做的工作，我們的目標可以達成，我們的夢想可以實現。◆句式分析本句是并列句，第二個分句中dreams后面承前省略了部分謂語：情態動詞can和助動詞be。省略(1)句中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明確的信息或前文已出現過某些成分，為了避免不必要的重復，可省略某些成分，這樣既不會引起言語上的誤解，又可突出中心詞，從而使句與句之間連接更緊密，這種語法現象就是省略。(2)并列句的省略是最常見的，一般說來，在后一并列分句中凡是與上文相同的成分通常都會被省略。Tosomesmileisveryeasy,andtoothers(smileis)sohard.對一些人來說微笑很容易，而對另一些人(微笑)卻很難。(3)主語的省略。(I)Begyourpardon.(我)請你原諒。(You)Comeon!得了吧(你)!見到你很高興。(4)表語的省略。Shewasaloverofsportsasshehadbeen(aloverofsports)inheryouth.她和年輕時一樣，是個體育愛好者。(5)賓語的省略。Let'sdothecases.I'llread(thecases)andyou'lltype(thecases).我們來做這些案例吧。我來讀，你來打字。(6)在以if,when,though,as,asif等連詞(詞組)引導的狀語從句中，若從句主語和主句主語一致，并且謂語含有be動詞，或者從句中含有itis/was，可以省略主語和be動詞或者itis/was。Heisverygoodatdancing,though(heis)veryold.他雖然年紀很大，但跳舞跳得很好。(7)“so/nor/either+助動詞/情態動詞/連系動詞be+主語”結構中也省略跟上文重復的成分。用來表示“……也一樣/也不”時的省略結構。-Iamastudent.我是個學生。-SoamI(astudent).我也是。-Wehaven'tbeenthere.我們從來沒去過那里。-Neither/Norhavewe(beenthere).我們也沒。(8)不定式的省略。Herjobistotakecareoftheeldersand(to)washtheirclothes.她的工作是照顧老人和給他們洗衣服。(9)介詞(或介詞短語)的省略。Wespentalargesumofmoney(in)buildingthemansion.我們花了一大筆錢建造這座宅第。◆補充下列句子中省略的成分①Bobhasdonehishomework,butTomhasn't(___________).②Shewon'tcomeunless(_________)invited.③I'llaskKatetohelpyouif(_________)necessary.④Thedoctorwasworriedwhenhefoundthepatientwashavingdifficulty(_________)breathing.⑤Pleasepaintthesideofthisboardredand(__________)theotherside(_________)white.attainvt.獲得；達到(→attainableadj.能實現的，可獲得的attainmentn.獲得，達到)Atthatmoment,thecarattainedaspeedofupto138kph.在那一刻,汽車達到了每小時138千米的速度。◆語塊積累attainonesobjective/goal達到目標attainindependence獲得獨立attainknowledge獲得知識attainpositionsofpower獲得要職attainthisstandard達到這個標準attainone'sidealweight達到理想的體重◆詞語辨析:attain,obtain,gain與acquireattain為正式用詞，多用于正式場合，主要指通過努力達到重要目的或得到珍貴的東西。Sheattainedherambitionofbecomingapilot.她實現了成為一名飛行員的志向。obtain常用詞，側重“獲得、取得”，多指憑努力或懇求得到急需或很想得到的東西。WherecanIobtainthebook?我在哪里能買到這本書？gain側重“贏得”，常指得到某種利益，強調贏得某種好處、利益;多指付出極大努力后獲得或贏得給自己帶來優勢的東西，如某種利益、好處、經驗等。Themangainedalotinthebusiness,buthelosttherespectofhisfriends.那個人做這買賣賺了很多錢，但他卻失去了朋友們對他的尊敬。acquire多指經過努力逐步獲得才能、知識、習慣等，也可用于對財物等的獲得，該詞強調“一經獲得就會長期持有”ShehasacquiredagoodknowledgeofEnglish.她英語已經學得很好。◆單句語法填空⑥Totheteacher'sgreatjoy,mostofourstudents________(attain)fiveAgradesintheirexamslastweek.⑦Fewpeoplecouldeverhope________(attain)anacceptablestandardofliving.5.YangLiwei,forexample,drivenbyhispassionforflying,becameapilotandthenChina'sfirstastronautinspace.以楊利偉為例，出于對飛行的熱愛，他成了一名飛行員，然后成了中國第一位進入太空的航天員。passionn.酷愛；強烈情感(1)He'samanofviolentpassions他是個性情暴烈的人。(2)TheEnglishhaveapassionforgardens.英格蘭人酷愛花園。◆語塊積累withgreatpassion以極大的熱情;充滿激情地befullofpassioninone'slife生活中充滿激情haveapassionfor對……有強烈的愛好；酷愛◆單句語法填空①Mydaughterhasanattractivecharacter,andsheoftenhelpsmetodohousework________greatpassion.②Peopleherearefull__________passionandbecauseofthis,IgettolikeEnglish.③ItwaswhenshefirstarrivedinChinathatshedevelopedapassion________paper-cutting.6.Whereverourinterestsmaylieandwhateverourcareerchoicesmightbe,workallowsustheopportunitytobeengagedinsomethingwearefondof...無論我們的興趣在哪里，無論我們的職業選擇是什么，工作讓我們有機會從事我們喜歡的事情……◆句式分析本句是復合句，where...lie和whatever...mightbe是兩個讓步狀語從句。wherever/whatever引導讓步狀語從句(1)wherever和whatever引導讓步狀語從句時，意思分別是“無論哪里”“無論什么”，wherever相當于nomatterwhere,whatever相當于nomatterwhat,有時whatever在從句中作定語，后面接名詞。I'dliketojoinmychildren,wherevertheyare.我想和我的孩子們團聚，不管他們在哪里。(2)whatever還可以引導名詞性從句，意思是“任何東西”。whatever也可以在從句中作定語，后面接名詞，相當于“any+n.+that.."。Dowhateveryoulike.你喜歡做什么就做什么。(賓語從句)(3)wherever還可以引導地點狀語從句，意思是“在任何地方”Somepeopleenjoythemselveswherevertheyare.有些人在哪里都很開心(4)其他引導讓步狀語從句的-ever連詞還有：whoever/whomever=nomatterwho/whom無論誰，whichever-nomatterwhich無論哪一個，however=nomatterhow無論多么，無論如何，whenever=nomatterwhen無論何時。其中，however后面常接形容詞或副詞Whoeveryouare/Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.不管你是誰，你必須要遵紀守法。◆完成句子①________________________(無論他走到哪里)，therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseehim.②________________________(無論我們遇到什么困難)，weshallfinishtheworkonschedule.③I'lleat________________________(你給我的任何東西).④________________________(無分論這水看上去多么純凈)，Idonotwanttodrinkit.⑤IwanttomarrythemanIlove,________________________(不管他可能會是誰).fondadj.喜愛;喜歡;深情的，溫情的(→fondnessn.喜愛)(1)Overtheyears,Ihavegrownquitefondofher.經過這么多年，我已相當喜歡她了。(2)IhaveveryfondmemoriesofmytimeinBeijing(=Irememberitwithaffectionandpleasure).我十分懷念從前在北京的時光。(3)I'vealwayshadafondnessforchocolatecake.我一直對巧克力蛋糕情有獨鐘。◆語塊積累befondof喜愛befondofmusic/cooking喜好音樂/烹飪growfondof浙漸喜歡上(通過接觸某一事物后慢慢產生了喜好)afondlook/embrace慈愛的目光/溫情的擁抱afondnessforanimals喜愛動物He'srathertoofondofthesoundofhisownvoice(=hetalkstoomuch).他太愛講話了。◆單句語法填空⑥I'mfond________Englishanddowellinbothspeakandwriting.⑦Mybrotherisfondof__________(point)oumistakes,andthat'swhyIdon'tlikehim.⑧Youneedn'thavetoldmethat,forGeorge's__________(fond)forfishingwaswellknown....anditisdifficulttoanticipatethenewpositionswhichwillemergetwentyyearsfromnow.……而且也難以預料二十年后將會出現的新職位。anticipatevt.預料；預計；期盼，期望(→anticipationn.預計，預料；期盼，期望)(1)Weneedsomeonewhocananticipateandrespondtochangesinthefashionindustry.我們需要一個能預見時裝業變化并做相應安排的人。(2)Wedon'tanticipateanymajorproblems.我們預料不會發生什么大問題。(3)Weeagerlyanticipatedthedaywewouldleaveschool.我們迫切地期盼著畢業離校的那一天。(4)Heboughtextrafoodinanticipationofmorepeoplecomingthanhe'dinvited.他預料來的客人會比邀請的多，就多買了食物。◆語塊積累anticipatetheresultof預期……的結果anticipatedoingsth.預期做某事Itisanticipatedthat...預計……inanticipationof預料……happy/eager/excitedanticipation愉快的/殷切的/激動的期盼單句語法填空①Weshouldnotonlyfocusonsolvingtheimmediateproblemsoftodaybutalsoontryingtosolvethe________(anticipate)problemsofthefuture.②Wethoughttheconcertintheparkwouldbepopularbutwedidn'tanticipatesomanypeople_________(turn)up.③It_________(anticipate)thathersadmoodcanlastforaratherlongtime.④She'sevendecoratedthespareroominanticipation__________yourvisit....alljobsareequallyimportantandnooneissuperiortoanother,soweshouldnothaveprejudiceagainstanyofthem.……所有的工作都同等重要，沒有哪一份工作優于別的工作，因此我們對任何一份工作都不應該抱有偏見。superioradj.更好的，占優勢的；(在級別、重要性或職位上)更高的n.級別(或地位、職位)更高的人(1)Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors.這一款式在技術上超過了與之競爭的產品。(2)Thesoldierwasreportedtohissuperiorofficerforfailinginhisduties.這個士兵因失職之事被報告到了他的上級那里。(3)He'smyimmediatesuperior(=thepersondirectlyaboveme).他是我的頂頭上司。◆語塊積累(1)besuperiorto優于……，比……地位高vastlysuperior強得多superiorintelligence更強的智力withasuperiorair態度傲慢地besuperiorinnumbers在數量上占優勢(2)mysuperiorofficer我的上級軍官superiorstatus更高的地位asuperiorcourtoflaw上級法院superiorapartments高級公寓套房(3)yoursocialsuperiors社會地位比自己高的人◆說明不用比較級形式卻表示比較概念的類似短語還有：beinferiorto不如……，次于……beseniorto比……年長/地位高bejuniorto比……年輕/地位低bepriorto在……之前，先于◆單句語法填空①Shewaschosenforthejobbecauseshewassuperior________theothercandidates.②She'ssenior_________me,soIhavetodowhatshetellsme.prejudicen.偏見，成見Theirdecisionwasbasedonignoranceandprejudice.他們的決定是基于無知和偏見。◆語塊積累racialprejudice種族偏見befreefromprejudice毫無偏見have(a)prejudiceagainst對……有偏見◆單句語法填空③Ihopethewidespreadprejudice_________workersover45willdisappearsoon.④Nowthatheisamanfree________prejudice,lethimmakethedecision....allmakeourrespectivecontributions.……我們都做出了各自的貢獻。respectiveadj.分別的，各自的(→respectivelyadv.分別，各自)(1)Theychattedabouttheirrespectivechildhoods.他們聊起了各自的童年。(2)Theirsonswerethreeandsixrespectively.他們的兒子分別是3歲和6歲。◆語塊積累therespectiverolesofmenandwomeninsociety男女在社會中各自的角色intheirrespectivefields/careers在他們各自的領域/事業中◆單句語法填空ItwasagreatsurprisethatmyhusbandandIgotpayrisesof8%and10%____________(respective).10.Moreover,therearepeoplewhochoosetostepoutoftheircomfortzoneandcommitthemselvestoworkingforthebenefitofothers.此外，有些人選擇走出自己的舒適區，致力于為他人的利益而工作。zonen.地區；區域Manybuildingsintheearthquakezoneweredestroyed.地震災區的許多建筑物被毀壞了。◆語塊積累comfortzone舒適區，放松區awar/securityzone戰區/安全區anearthquake/adangerzone地震帶/危險地帶apedestrianzone(=wherevehiclesmaynotgo)步行區atimezone時區anuclear-freezone無核區economicandtechnologicaldevelopmentzones經濟技術開發區◆單句語法填空Hehadnoideathatinsidethese_________(zone)trafficspeedsarerestrictedto20mph.11.Currently;aheavyfocusisputontrainingin“hardskills”,suchasmachineoperatingandsoftwareprogramming.目前，重點放在“硬技能”培訓上，如機器操作和軟件編程。operatevt操作，使運行；經營，管理；使用vi運轉，工作；經營，營業；起作用，產生影響；動手術(→operationn.運行，操作;經營,運營;手術;行動,活動operatorn.電話員;操作員;經營者)(1)Doesthecompanyoperateapensionscheme?這家公司實行養老金制度嗎?(2)Subwayrainsoperate24hoursadayinNewYork.紐約的地鐵24小時不間斷運行。(3)Thesystemhasbeeninoperationforsixmonths.這個系統已經運行六個月了。◆語塊積累(1)operateacomputer操作計算機operateafarm經營農場operatewell運轉良好operateon...給……做手術(2)inoperation工作中;使用中;有效comeintooperation開始工作，開始生效ooperation實施;使...運..轉asecurityoperation安全行動athree-hourheartoperation三個小時的心臟手術◆單句語法填空①Whatskillsareneeded__________(operate)thismachineisunknowntohim.②_________(operate)moreefficiently,thedepartmentisintroducingchanges.③Shewantedtoworkinahospitaltheretolearnhowtooperate_________patients.④Theworkmanhadafingercutoffbythemachinehe________(operate)then.⑤Heisrecoveringfrom________operationonhisshoulder.⑥Thepolicehavelaunchedamajor__________(operate)againstdrugsuppliers.12.However,inthefuture,employerswilllooktohirepeoplewhoarereadyandabletolearn.然而，在未來，雇主會希望雇用那些準備好并有能力學習的人。hirev&vi聘用，雇用;租用n.新雇員;租借(1)Shewashiredthreeyearsago.她是三年前錄用的。(2)Howmuchwoulditcosttohireacarfortheweekend?租一輛車周末用要多少錢?(3)She'sourlatesthire,whoworksveryhard.她是我們最新的雇員，工作非常努力。◆語塊積累hirearoom/video租汽車/房間/錄像帶hirealawyer聘請律師hiresth.out出租某