初中英語語法EnglishGrammar情態動詞一、情態動詞的類型和特征(一)情態動詞的類型只作情態動詞的有：must;can(could);may(might);2.可作情態動詞也可作實義動詞的有：need可作情態動詞也可作助動詞的有：will(would);shall(should)；具有情態動詞的某些特征的有：haveto;oughtto情態動詞的特征：1?有一定的詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和行為動詞或系動詞連用，構成謂語。無人稱和數的變化(haveto例外，用于第三人稱單數時用hasto)。Wemuststayhere./Hemuststayhere他必須呆在這兒。Wehavetowalkhome./Hehastowalkhome他不得不步行回家。后接動詞原形：Shemayloseherway.她可能迷路了。具有助動詞的作用，可用來構成否定句、疑問句及用于簡明答語。—CanyousinganEnglishsong?你會唱英語歌嗎？一Yes,Ican.是的，我會。二、情態動詞的用法(一)can,could的用法表示能力，譯為：能，會。如：Canyouplaybasketball?你會打籃球嗎？表懷疑、猜測，常用于否定句和疑問句中。如:Hecan'tbeintheroo他不可能在房間里。表請求或允許，多用于口語中，意為可以”相當于may。如:Youcan(may)gonow.你現在可以走了。could是can的過去式,可以表示過去的能力如:IcouldswimwhenIwassevenyearsold.以can開頭的一般疑問句，其肯定回答和否定回答分別用can和can‘。tmay的用法1.表推測，意為可能;也許”用于肯定句中.如:Hemaycometomorrow.他明天可能會來。表請求、許可，意為可以”如：MayIborrowyourbook?我可以借用你的書嗎？探may表請求，用于主語為第一人稱的一般疑問句時，其否定回答用mustn'，不用maynot，意為不可以，不許，禁止”。如：一MayIgonow?—No,youmustn't.不可以。/Yes,youmay(can).是，可以。(1)表祝愿。如：Mayyousucceed.祝你成功。(2)can和may均可用來表示征求意見或允許，意為可以”一般可互換使用。must的用法:1.表示必須、應該”。表示推測，意為一定”一般用于肯定句。在疑問句和否定句一般應用can,否定句中也用may，但maynot表示可能不”，而can'表示不可能”。—There'ssomeoneknockingonthedo有人敲門。—ItmustbeJim.肯定是吉姆。探3.在否定句中，mustn'表示禁止，意為不允許”。以must開頭的疑問句，肯定回答應用must,而否定回答則常用needn',意為不需要、不必”，相當于don'thaveto,而不能用mustn‘。t—MustIfinishtheworktoday?我今天必須完成這項工作嗎？—No,youneedn't/Youdon'th不，你不必/Yes,youmust.（四）對need詞性的判斷：need后加todo說明need為實義動詞，用助動詞提問或否定；need后加doing表被動；若need后加動詞原形，則need為情態動詞，用need提問或否定，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn'°t如:Youneedntcometoschoolsoearly.你不必這么早來學校。（五）hadbetter的用法：hadbetter+動詞原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用hadbetternotdosth.oYou'dbetterstayathome你最好呆在家里/You'dbetternotwatchTVeveryd你.最好不要每天看電視。（六）shall（should）,will（would）的用法Shall用于第一人稱，表示征求意見、詢問。如:ShallIopenthewindow?我打開窗戶好嗎？Shallwehavelunchhere?我們在這兒吃飯好嗎？Should常用來表示義務、責任。如：Weshouldobeytrafficlaws.我們應該遵守交通規則。will用于第二人稱表示詢冋，請求,也可以表達現在的意愿”如:Willyoupassmethebook?你能把這本書遞給我嗎？/Wewilldoanythingforyou.would用來表示過去的意愿或委婉的詢問。Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?你能告訴我去車站的路嗎？三、易混點清單（★為不常考知識點）★（一）can和beableto:can和beableto表示能力時用法相同，can只用于現在時和過去式（could），但beableto表示經過努力后，能夠做到有現在時，過去時和將來時。如:Wewillbeabletocomebacknextweek.我們下周能回來。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.（表示經過努力后，能夠做到）Jimcouldn'tspeakChineselastyear,butnowhe吉姆去年不會說漢語，但現在他會了。（二）can和may表可能性的區別在肯定句中，用may表可能Youhadbetteraskthepoliceman.Hemayknow你最好問警察,他可能知道。在否定句中，若語氣肯定，表示不可能”時用cannot;若語氣不肯定，表示可能不”時用maynot。MrLican'tbeintheroom.HehasgonetoBeijingfora李老師不可能在，他去北京度假了。（三）could,should,would,might表示委婉語氣could,should,would,might等過去式有時不表示過去，而是表示更委婉客氣的語氣。Wouldyoutellmethewaytothepark?你能告訴我去公園的路嗎？★（四）must和have（has）tomust和have（has）to意思均為必須”，常可以互換使用。但have（has）to用于強調客觀需要，意為必須，不得不”；must用于表示主觀看法，意為必須，應該”。WeIIhavetoaskZhangHonginstead./Wemustworkhardatschool.（五）maybe和maybemay為情態動詞，后加動詞原形be,用在句中；maybe為副詞，大概，也許”相當于perhaps用于句首。（六）can'和mustn't表否定推測時應用can'tmustn'表達禁止、不允許”的含義，不是用來表推測的，在肯定句中must表推測，譯為一定”。（七）（補充）shouldhavedone本應該做的事情但未做含有責備之意女口：ItoldLilyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitout.neednve'thdone本沒必要做但卻做了sth2014年全國部分省市中考英語試題匯編:單項選擇一情態動詞和系動詞一、情態動詞【2014銅仁】一MustIwatertheflowersnow,mum?——No,you.Youdoitlater.A.mustn't;mustB.mustn't;mayC.needn't;mayD.needn't;must【答案】【2014連云港】一Iknowbywhattimeyouwanttheprojecttobedone?——Bythedayaftertomorrow.youfinishitontime?A.May;CanB.Must;NeedC.Could;MustD.Need;Would【答案】A【2014長沙】一Who'ssinginginthegarden?——ItbeMr.Brown.Healwayspracticessingingatthistime.A.mustB.can'tC.need【答案】A【2014河北】Ifollowyou.Wouldyoupleaserepeatit?A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't【答案】A【2014北京】一MustIhandinmyhomeworknow,Mr.Smith?—No,you.A.can'tB.shouldn'tC.wouldn'tD.needn't【答案】D【2014揚州】一Excuseme,mayIkeepthebookalittleIonger?—Sorry.Youreturnittoday.A.mustB.mustn'tC.canD.can't【答案】A【2014黔西南州】一IsthemanoverthereMr.Brown?—Ithim.HehasgonetoBraziltowatchthe2014FIFAWorldCup.A.maynotB.can'beC.shouldn'tD.mustn't【答案】B

【2014重慶市A】Childrensitinthefrontseatofacar.I'toodangerous.A.needB.needn'tC.mustD.mustn't【答案】D【2014安徽】一Iforgottobringmydictionary.CouldIuseyours?—Yes,you.A.canB.mustC.couldD.should【答案】A【2014重慶市B】Themanisfeelingmuchbetternow,soyoucalladoctor.A.needn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't【答案】A【2014杭州】Ifyousmoke,pleasegooutside.A.canB.mayC.mustD.might【答案】【2014東營】AfteryoureadthearticleWhyfastfoodisslowlykillingyou”，youstopeatingfastfood.A.can【答案】B【2014天津】A.should【答案】D【2014南昌】A.can't【答案】D【2014蘇州】—No,youA.mightn't【答案】DB.mayC.havetoD.shouldLookattheNoparking”sign.Youparkyourcarhere.B.mustC.needn'tD.mustn'tWepaytogetintotheconcert.It'sfree.B.mustn'tC.mightnotD.don'thaveto—MayItakethismagazineoutofthereadingroom?.Youreaditinhere.B.won'tC.needn'tD.mustn't【2014寧波】—youleavenow?Youonlyarrivedhereanhourago.—Sorry,butsomuchhomeworkiswaitingforme.A.MayB.MustC.CanD.Might【答案】B【2014甘肅白銀】一MustIgotolawschoolandbealawyerlikeyou,dad?—No,you—No,youA.can'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't【答案】D【2014麗水】Hereismyphonenumber.YouA.mustB.can_callmeanytimeyoulike.C.shouldD.need【答案】B【2014紹興】—Let'sgoclimbing,shallwe?—Youbejoking!DonA.mayB.can'tyouknowI

C.mustofhigafralafces?D.should【答案】C【2014臺州】—Areyouinterestedinshoppingonline?—Notsomuch.Weseerealproductsbutpictures.A.shouldn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.needn't【答案】B【2014泰安】—Couldyoupleasehaveawalkwithme?—Sorry,I.Ihavesomethingimportanttodonow.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can'tD.maynot【答案】C【2014威海】—Bob,whereisLinda?—Shebeinthelibrary,butIamnotsure.A.mustB.mayC.needD.hasto【答案】B【2014濱州】—Mustwetakeoutthetrashnow?—.Youcandoitafterclass.A.Yes,youmustB.No,youcan'tC.Yes,youmayD.No,youneedn't

【答案】D【2014德州】—Lingling,canIuseyoure-dictionary?—Sure.Butyoureturnitafterclass.A.mustB.canC.mayD.would【答案】A【2014菏澤】thiskindofbooks.might【答案】B【2014聊城】—Look,someoneleftabook.—Oh,yeah…ThisbookbeKittyA.canB.mustC.mays.OnlyshelikestoreadD.—IstheIong-hairedmanBruce?—No,itbehim.HeNewsYorknow.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.maynotnot【答案】A【2014濰坊】rule.【答案】A二、系動詞【2014濰坊】Peoplewaituntilthetrafficbecomesgreen.ThatsthetrafficA.mustB.canC.needD.may—Whatwillascieneemuseumbelikeifyouareaskedtobuildone?——Ihopeitwilllikeabook.A.tasteB.soundC.lookD.smell【答案】C【2014昆明】一Themedicineawful.Icantstandit.—Iknow,Jimmy.Butit'shelpfulforyou.A.tastesB.eatsC.drinksD.takes【答案】A【2014河北】Momiscookingdinner.Itsonice.A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds【答案】A【2014安徽】Mum,whatareyoucooking?Itsosweet.A.tastesB.feelsC.soundsD.smells【答案】D【2014湖北咸寧】一Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—ItogetherwithmyclassmatesgoingtoclimbM