高中英語語法之詞法-----名詞一、詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性，英語單詞根據其在句子中的功用，可以分十個大類。不同詞性的詞在句子中的功用是不一樣的，有一定的規律，所以，記住這些詞性的用法，可以幫助我們更加容易的學懂一門外語。名詞、形容詞、數詞、代詞、動詞、副詞在句中獨立承擔成分，我們稱之為實詞。介詞、連詞、冠詞不能在句中獨立擔任部分，只起輔助的作用，我們稱之為虛詞。二、名詞知識網絡圖常考考點1可數與不可數名詞的比較（1）可數名詞有復數形式，而不可數名詞沒有。（2）可數名詞前可直接加a/an,而不可數名詞不能（3）可數名詞前可直接用數詞表示數量，twoboys;而不可數名詞需借助apieceof之類的短語，如：apieceofadvice,acupoftea,aglassofmilk等。（4）前面的修飾語也有所不同。只能修飾可數名詞：several,(a)few,many,agreatmany,alargenumberof等。只能修飾不可數名詞：(a)little,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof等。兩者皆可：some,any,plentyof,lotsof,alotof等。常考考點2不可數名詞與可數名詞的轉化（1）表示種類時：variousfruits（各種水果）（2）抽象名詞具體化：success（成功），asuccess（一個成功人士）（3）表示不同意思時：room房間（可數）空間（不可數）experience經歷（可數）經驗（不可數）work作品（可數）工作（不可數）chicken小雞，雞（可數）雞肉（不可數）exercise練習題（可數）鍛煉（不可數）time次數（可數）時間（不可數）常考考點3常見的不可數名詞fun,housework,homework,advice,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,luggage,joy,air,knowledge（知識）必背短語：havefun玩得開心makeprogress取得進步makegreatprogress取得很大的進步haveagoodknowledgeof精通，掌握常考考點4be+of+great+名詞=be+very+形容詞of+use,value,help,difference,importance等抽象名詞，其含義相當于對應的be+形容詞useful,valuable,helpful,different,important.在句中可作定語，表語，補語等。Thebookisofgreatuse.=Thebookisveryuseful（表語）這本書很有用。Thisisabookofgreatuse.=Thisisausefulbook.（定語）這是一本非常有用的書。常考考點5可數名詞的復數形式寫出下列名詞的復數形式1.cake__________ 2.foot___________3.monkey____________ 4.watch___________5.glass____________ 6.month____________7.baby___________ 8.thief_________9.hero__________ 10.child__________11.photo_________ 12.sheep__________13.roof___________ 14.German____________15.Englishman______________常考考點6名詞所有格你能翻譯以下短語嗎？1.李平的自行車____________2.湯姆和瑪麗的父親________________________3.在理發店______________4.在我叔叔家________________5.3個星期的假期___________________6.房間的窗戶____________________三、名詞與高考（一）名詞在語法填空中的考查形式1.考查名詞的單復數形式。若給出的提示詞是名詞，很有可能是考查其復數形式。（1）I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthemountaintopsanddarkwaterswhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese___________(painting)（2）Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__________(day)withhissister.2.考查詞性的轉換。（1）考查其他詞性換為名詞。空格在冠詞、形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格后，一般要用括號中所給詞的名詞形式。如：ThegreatChinesescholarConfuciusinfluencedthe__________________(develop)ofchopsticks.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainlyrunupagainstmany______________(difficult).(2)名詞轉換成其他詞性。Theyalsosharedwithusmany____________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaii.Mylegsbecome___________(pain).TheRailwaywasoneofthemost____________(success)ofthesenewlines.（二）名詞在短文改錯中的考查形式1.名詞的單復數。（該用復數不用復數，不該用復數卻用復數）。例1：Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasChinese,Englishandphysics.例2：WehavemademoreprogressesinEnglishstudythanlastterm.2.名詞的修飾語。many,few,several,afew,anumberofalotof修飾可數名詞復數形式little,alittle,much,agreatdealof修飾不可數名詞例1：Therearethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedon'tneedtodosomanyhomework. 例2：Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.例3：Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtasty.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.3.詞性誤用。（如：該用名詞卻用形容詞）例1：Walkingaftersupperisofgreatbeneficialtohumanhealth.例2：Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes.4.名詞所有格。（該用名詞所有格，但不用）例如：It’saboutanhourdrivefromheretomyoffice.四、鞏固練習（一）語法填空1.Neverbeforehasourcountrybeenso____________(power)asitistoday.2.Hehatedbeinginthearmybecausehehadtoobey_________________(command)3.First,heshowedusthe___________(base)stepsandskillsofmakingdoughfigurines.4.NearlyonehundredcountriesrecognizeEnglishastheir_______________(office)language.5.Herworried______________(express)onherfacesuggestedthatshewasveryfrightened.6.Lifedoesnotthrowusawayjustbecausewearedisable,orbecausewehaveproblemsor_____________(challenge).7.Inspiteofallher________________(shortcoming),Istillthinksheisoneofthebestteachersintheschool.8.People's___________(attitude)towardsthematteraredifferent.9.Hewasworriedaboutworkingwithpeoplewhodidnotsharehis______________(view)10.Manyboysandgirlsgotocollegeaftertheir________________(graduate)fromhighschool.（二）單句改錯1.Nothavingbeencleanedformonths,thebooksontheshelfweredust.2.Whenhewasinmiddleschool,hewasstilloneofthetopstudentinhisclass.3.I'mprideofhimandwillfollowhisexample.4.Inmyviews,thereisnoneedtocaretoomuchaboutyourclothes.5.Intheearthquake,abouttwomillionspeoplelosttheirhomesandthousandsofhousesfellintoruins.6.Wemayhavedifferentopinioninorganizingclassactivi