考研英語(二)真題預測完整版-1-1614:46教育在線SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathasjacrosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved_2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3?Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation'scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-a"voluntarytrustedidentity,,systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5pfaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6_one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredentialZtoaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8_afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver'slicense10bythegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese^singlesign-on5'systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden^^ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights“toestablishasenseofa13community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem,,inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswithJJ,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns”。Still,theadministration'splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach；othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet^drive'slicense“mentality.Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem,,envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves，inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.riddenA.forB.withinC.whileD.thoughA.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helplessA.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposalA.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalentA.byB.intoC.fromD.overA.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.comparedA.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improveA.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realizeA.releasedB.issuedC.distributedD.deliveredA.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.loginA.InvainB.IneffectC.InreturnD.IncontrastA.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD.competingA.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patienceA.onB.afterC.beyondD.acrossA.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.unitedA.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventuallyA.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasmA.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisibleA.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forcedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs'sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary：ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.ButbytheendofMs.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman'scompensationcommittee；howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased，advisersonafirm'sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive,sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64，000differentdirectorsbetween1989and.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise“disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases，andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup."Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks，evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons，onceagainverypopularoncampus.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor.[A]gainingexcessiveprofits[B|failingtofulfillherduty[C]refusingtomakecompromises[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimesWelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe.[A]generousinvestors[B|unbiasedexecutives[C]sharepriceforecasters[D]independentadvisersAccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector'ssurprisedeparture，thefirmislikelyto.[A]becomemorestable[B]reportincreasedearningsdolesswellinthestockmarketperformworseinlawsuitsItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirmTheauthor'sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.permissivepositive[C]scomful[D]criticalText2Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America'sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin,accordingtotheOrganizationfbrEconomicCooperationDevelopment(OECD)。InJapanthepropo