英語語法知識難點(一(一形容詞和副詞I.要點A.形容詞1、形容詞的用法形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的,通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補,有時還可作狀語。如:Heishonestandhardworking.Ifoundthebookinteresting.某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時,謂語通常用復數形式。如:Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序:冠詞+序數詞+基數詞+性質狀態(描述性+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如:thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.2、形容詞比較等級的形式(1規則形式一般說來,單音節詞及少數雙音節詞在后加-er;-est來構成比較級和最高級;其他雙音節詞及多音節詞在前加more,most.如:great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-moreimportant-(themostimportant(2不規則形式good(well-better-bestbad(ill-worse-worstmany(much-more-mostlittle-less-least(3形容詞比較等級的用法①表示兩者的比較,用形容詞的比較級+than.如:Heisclevererthantheotherboys.Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.②表示兩者以上的比較,用"the+形容詞最高級(+名詞+of(in…"如:Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.③表示兩者是同等程度,用"as+形容詞原級+as".如:HeisastallasI.Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.④越…越…例如:ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好又如:Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.你怎么贊揚這個老師也不過分。⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.那一天是最令我擔心的一天。Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。⑦MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours.我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。B.副詞1、副詞的種類(1時間副詞如:ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等(2地點副詞如:here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。(3方式副詞如:carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。(4程度副詞如:almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,very等。2、副詞比較等級的用法其用法與形容詞相似,只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如:Ofalltheboyshesings(themostbeautifully.Wemustworkharder.3、某些副詞在用法上的區別(1already,yet,stillalready表示某事物已經發生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事發生,主要用于否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進行,主要用于肯定句和疑問句,有時也可用于否定句。如:We'vealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.(2too,aswell,also,eithertoo,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑問句,too和aswell多用于口語,一般放在句末,而also多用于書面語,一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句,往往放在句末。如:Hewenttheretoo.Hedidn'tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.(3hard,hardlyhardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如:Iworkhardeveryday.Icanhardlyrememberthat.(4late,latelylately意為"最近、近來",late意為"晚、遲"。如:Henevercomeslate.Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?II.例題例1Tom'sfatherthinksheisalready____AhighenoughBtallenoughCenoughhighCenoughtall解析:該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。例2____theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析:該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級+…,the+形容詞比較級+…"意為越…,越…。該句意為:吃的藥越多,我的病越是加重。例3"Ihaven'tbeentoLondonyet"."Ihaven'tbeenthere____".AtooBalsoCeitherDneither解析:該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不",而C-either則用于否定句中,意為"也"。例4Mr.Smithwas____movedatthenews.AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply解析:該題正確答案為B。A.deep用于副詞時,修飾具體的深,如digdeep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞,如該題為deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞,不能互相修飾。(二介詞I.要點1、介詞和種類(1簡單介詞,常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。(2復合介詞,如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關系(1和動詞的搭配,如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。(2和形容詞的搭配,如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat(3和名詞的搭配,如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等.3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語,這種修飾語通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少數幾個副詞。如:Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介詞的意義與用法舉例(1at,on,in(表時間表示時間點用at,如atfouro'clock,atmidnight等;表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptember1st等。指長于或短于一天的時段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。(2between,among(表位置between僅用于二者之間,但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時,也用between,如I'msittingbetweenTomandAlice.Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.among用于三者或三者以上之間。如:Heisthebestamongthestudents.(3beside,besidesbeside意為"在…旁邊",而besides意為"除…之外"。如:Hesatbesideme.Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?(4inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指動物或人在樹上,而onthetree指果實、樹葉長在樹上(5ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上intheway指擋道bytheway指順便問一句inthisway用這樣的方法(6inthecorner,atthecornerinthecorner指在拐角內atthecorner指在拐角外(7inthemorning,onthemorninginthemorning是一般說法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨(8bybus,onthebusbybus是一般說法onthebus特指乘某一輛車II.例題例1Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English?AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides解析:A、B兩項except等于but,意為"除了…",C-beside意為"在…旁邊",不符合題意。而D-besides,意為"除了…之外,還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為:除了英語外,你還知道別的語言嗎?例2Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.AonBatCinDduring解析:我們均知道,atnight這一短語,但如果night前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用介詞on來修飾,故該題正確答案為A。例3I'mlookingforward____yourletter.AtoBinCatDon解析：該題正確答案為A。lookforwardto為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。（三）連詞I．要點1、連詞的種類（1）并列連詞用來連接并列關系的詞、短語或分句，如and,for,or,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。（2）從屬連詞用來引導從句，如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。除了從屬連詞（引導狀語從句）外，還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞（引導名詞性從句），關系代詞和關系副詞（引導定語從句）。2、常用連詞舉例(1and和，并且Theydrankandsangallnight.(2both…and和，既…也…BothmyparentsandIwentthere.(3but但是，而I'msad,butheishappy.(4either…or或…或…，要么…要么…Eitheryou'rewrong,orIam.(5for因為Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.(6however然而，可是Atfirst,hedidn'twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.(7neither…nor既不…也不Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.(8notonly…but(also不但…而且…Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.(9or或者，否則Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.Areyouaworkeroradoctor?(10so因此，所以It'sgettinglate,soImustgo.(11although雖然Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.(12assoonas一…就I'lltellhimassoonasIseehim.(13because因為Hedidn'tgotoschool,becausehewasill.（14）unless除非，如果不Iwon'tgounlessitisfinetomorrow.（15）until直到…Hedidn'tleaveuntileleven.(瞬間動詞用于not…until結構Hestayedthereuntileleven.（16）while當…時候，而(表示對比WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不可用瞬間動詞Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.（17）for因為Hewasill,forhedidn'tcome.(結論是推斷出來的（18