托福作文寫作范文詳解ReadingArecentstudyrevealsthatpeopleespeciallyyoungpeoplearereadingfarlessliterature—novels,plays,andpoems—thantheyusedto.Thisistroublingbecausethetrendhasunfortunateeffectsforthereadingpublic,forcultureingeneral,andforthefutureofliteratureitself.Whiletherehasbeenadeclineinbookreadinggenerally,thedeclinehasbeenespeciallysharpforliterature.Thisisunfortunatebecausenothingelseprovidestheintellectualstimulationthatliteraturedoes.Literatureencouragesustoexerciseourimaginations,empathizewithothers,andexpandourunderstandingoflanguage.Sobyreadinglessliterature,thereadingpublicismissingoutonimportantbenefits.Unfortunately,missingoutonthebenefitsofliteratureisnottheonlyproblem.Whatarepeoplereadinginstead?Considertheprevalenceofself-helpbooksonlistsofbestsellers.Theseareusuallysuperficialpoorlywritten,andintellectuallyundemanding.Additionally,insteadofsittingdownwithachallengingnovel,manypersonsarenowmorelikelytoturnonthetelevision,watchamusicvideo,orreadaWebpage.Clearly,divertingtimepreviouslyspentinreadingliteraturetotrivialformsofentertainmenthasloweredthelevelofcultureingeneral.Thetrendofreadinglessliteratureisallthemoreregrettablebecauseitistakingplaceduringaperiodwhengoodliteratureisbeingwritten.Therearemanytalentedwriterstoday,buttheylackanaudience.Thisfactisboundtoleadpublisherstoinvestlessinliteratureandsosupportfewerseriouswriters.Thus,thewritingaswellasthereadingofliteratureislikelytodeclinebecauseofthepoorstandardsoftoday'sreaders.ListeningProfessor:Itisoftensaidthatpeoplearereadinglessliteraturetodaythantheyusedto.Whatshouldofthis?Wellfirst,abookdoesn'thavetobeliteraturetobeintellectuallystimulating.Sciencewritinghistory,politicalanalysisandsofortharen^literatureperhaps,buttheyareoftenofhighqualityandthesekindsofbookscanbejustascreativeandwell-writtenasanoveloraplayTheycanstimulatetheimagination.Sodon'tassumethatsomeonewhoisn'treadingliteratureisn7treadingagoodbook.Butlet'ssaythatpeoplearen*tjustspendinglesstimewithliterature,theyarealsospendinglesstimewithbooksingeneral.Doesthatmeanthatthecultureisindecline?No,there'splentyofculturallyvaluablematerialthatisn'twritten-musicandmovies,forexample.Arepeoplewastingtheirtimewhentheylistentoabrilliantsongorwatchagoodmovie?Dothesenon-literaryactivitieslowerculturalstandards?Ofcoursenot.Culturehaschanged.Intoday'sculture,therearemanyformsofexpressionavailableotherthannovelsandpoems.Andsomeofthesecreativeformsspeakmoredirectlytocontemporaryconcernsthanliteraturedoes.Finally,itfsprobablytruethatthere'slesssupportforliteraturetodaythaninearliergenerations.Butdon'tbetooquicktoblamethereaders.Sometimesit'stheauthor'sfaults.Let'sbehonest.Alotofmodernliteratureisintendedtobedifficulttounderstand.Hereisnotmuchreasontosupposethatearliergenerationsofreaderswouldhavereadalotoftoday'sliteratureeither.閱讀聽力要點概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:Readinglessamongyoungpeoplehasunfortunateeffects.Subpoint1:Declinesharpforliteraturecausemissingoutonimportantbenefits.Subpoint2:Divertingtimehasloweredthelevelofculture.Subpoint3:Writingislikelytodeclinesincepoorstandardsofreaders.LectureAttitude:Why?SubPointl:Doesn'thavetobeliteraturetobeintellectuallystimulating.(History,Political,creative,imagination.)SubPoint2:Lesstimewithbookdoesnotmeancultureisindecline.(Musicandmovies,moredirectly.)SubPoint3:Writerswritemodernliteraturedifficulttounderstand.范文逐段賞析Paragraph1Thelecturerraisesseveralargumentstocounterthereadingpassage7sstrongcriticismofthepublic'sdeclininginterestinliterature.此段功能：（Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替）（Readingpassage后文用R代替）以L的觀點為主要觀點，作者寫出：L做了好幾個針對R關于公眾對于文學興趣下降的批評的反駁。此段結構：由一句話確認邏輯為反并且總結了R的觀點，非常簡潔的為論述做好了鋪墊。Paragraph2Thelecturerarguesthatliteratureisonlyoneamongmanygenresfromwhichthepubliccanbenefitintellectually.Thepublicalsobenefitsfromreadingworksofsciencefictionandhistoricalnovels,amongothersgenres.Therefore,thereadingpassageiswrongtoclaimthatthepublicissufferinggreatlossesbynotreadingliterature.此段功能：作者其實是先表示L準備反駁R的第一論點，R認為文文學著作是社會中唯一種可以獲得智慧收益的種類。L說其實民眾讀科幻，歷史小說或者別的種類也能收益。所以，R聲明的民眾不讀文學就會有損失是完全錯誤的。此段結構：此段為分總結構。起手先表示L反對R的第一點，并詳細補充了第一點。經過一番舉反例后，達到了證明R是錯誤的目的。Paragraph3Furthermore,thelecturerexplainsthatevenifitistruethatthepublicisreadingfewerbooksandwatchingmoretelevisionandfilmsinstead,thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatcultureisindecline.Televisionandfilmaresimplymodernformsofculturalexpressionthatarealsointellectuallystimulatinganddirectlyrelevanttocontemporarylife.此段功能：在第二點的論證上。L解釋就算公眾現在讀書少了，看的電視電影更多了，也并一定意味著文化的退化。電視和電影就是一種現代文化的表現形式也能增加收益并且和生活息息相關。此段結構：此段為分總結構。以L開頭，在if后面總結了R的觀點，然后說L對其不同意，最后一句總結了L的意見。Paragraph4Finally,thelectureradmitsadeclineinaudienceandsupportofliteratureintoday'ssociety,butsheattributesittotheauthorsthemselves.Shesaystheyhavealienatedthemselvesfromthereadingpublicbyusingoverlycomplexlanguage,structure,andcontent.Thereading,incontrast,blamestheloweredstandardsofthepublicforthedeclininginterestin